Global Sulfamic Acid Market Research Report 2020-2024
Sulfamic acid is the simplest of the sulfamic acids consisting of a single sulfur atom covalently bound by single bonds to hydroxy and amino groups and by double bonds to two oxygen atoms. In the context of China-US trade war and global economic volatility and uncertainty, it will have a big influence on this market. Sulfamic Acid Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Sulfamic Acid market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Sulfamic Acid basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
DuPont
AkzoNobel N.V.
BASF SE
Raviraj Chemicals
Mingda Chemical
Laizhou Jinxing
Nanjing Jinzhang
Jiangsu Yazhong
Nissan Chemical
Palm Commodities
Yantai Sanding
Shandong Xingda
Laizhou Guangcheng
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Crystals
Powder
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Sulfamic Acid for each application, including-
Boiler Systems
Cooling Systems
Leather Dyeing
Dyes & Paints
Plastics
In this report, the global Sulfamic Acid market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Sulfamic Acid basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
DuPont
AkzoNobel N.V.
BASF SE
Raviraj Chemicals
Mingda Chemical
Laizhou Jinxing
Nanjing Jinzhang
Jiangsu Yazhong
Nissan Chemical
Palm Commodities
Yantai Sanding
Shandong Xingda
Laizhou Guangcheng
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Crystals
Powder
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Sulfamic Acid for each application, including-
Boiler Systems
Cooling Systems
Leather Dyeing
Dyes & Paints
Plastics
PART I SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Sulfamic Acid Definition
1.2 Sulfamic Acid Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Sulfamic Acid Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Sulfamic Acid Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Sulfamic Acid Application Analysis
1.3.1 Sulfamic Acid Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Sulfamic Acid Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Sulfamic Acid Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Sulfamic Acid Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Sulfamic Acid Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Sulfamic Acid Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Sulfamic Acid Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Sulfamic Acid Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Sulfamic Acid Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Sulfamic Acid Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Sulfamic Acid Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Sulfamic Acid Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SULFAMIC ACID UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Sulfamic Acid Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SULFAMIC ACID MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Sulfamic Acid Product Development History
3.2 Asia Sulfamic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Sulfamic Acid Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SULFAMIC ACID KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Sulfamic Acid Product Development History
7.2 North American Sulfamic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Sulfamic Acid Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Sulfamic Acid Product Development History
11.2 Europe Sulfamic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Sulfamic Acid Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SULFAMIC ACID MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SULFAMIC ACID MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Sulfamic Acid Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Sulfamic Acid Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Sulfamic Acid Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SULFAMIC ACID NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Sulfamic Acid Market Analysis
17.2 Sulfamic Acid Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Sulfamic Acid New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Sulfamic Acid Definition
1.2 Sulfamic Acid Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Sulfamic Acid Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Sulfamic Acid Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Sulfamic Acid Application Analysis
1.3.1 Sulfamic Acid Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Sulfamic Acid Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Sulfamic Acid Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Sulfamic Acid Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Sulfamic Acid Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Sulfamic Acid Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Sulfamic Acid Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Sulfamic Acid Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Sulfamic Acid Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Sulfamic Acid Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Sulfamic Acid Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Sulfamic Acid Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SULFAMIC ACID UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Sulfamic Acid Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SULFAMIC ACID MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Sulfamic Acid Product Development History
3.2 Asia Sulfamic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Sulfamic Acid Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SULFAMIC ACID KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Sulfamic Acid Product Development History
7.2 North American Sulfamic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Sulfamic Acid Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Sulfamic Acid Product Development History
11.2 Europe Sulfamic Acid Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Sulfamic Acid Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SULFAMIC ACID MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SULFAMIC ACID MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Sulfamic Acid Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Sulfamic Acid Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Sulfamic Acid Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SULFAMIC ACID NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Sulfamic Acid Market Analysis
17.2 Sulfamic Acid Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Sulfamic Acid New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Sulfamic Acid Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SULFAMIC ACID INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS