Global Sponge Rubber Market Research Report 2022-2026
Sponge rubber is made of neoprene, EPDM, nitrile, silicone, and many other elastomeric materials. In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Sponge Rubber Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2025 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Sponge Rubber market is valued at USD XX million in 2022 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2022 to 2026.
The report firstly introduced the Sponge Rubber basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
RubberMill
GCP Industrial Products
American National Rubber
Kirkhill Manufacturing Company (KMC)
Martins Rubber
Colonial DPP
SJG International
Griswold
Elasto Proxy
Stockwell Elastomerics
CGR Products
Saint-Gobain
Mosites Rubber Company
EMKA GROUP
Zeon Corporation
Fostek
Monmouth Rubber & Plastics
OHJI RUBBER & CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
Foamty Corp.
Changzhou Tiansheng
Sansheng industry
Quanzhou NingShun
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Closed-cell Rubber
Open-cell Rubber
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Sponge Rubber for each application, including-
Automotive Industry
Building & Construction
Aerospace Industry
Medical Industry
Daily Necessities
In this report, the global Sponge Rubber market is valued at USD XX million in 2022 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2022 to 2026.
The report firstly introduced the Sponge Rubber basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
RubberMill
GCP Industrial Products
American National Rubber
Kirkhill Manufacturing Company (KMC)
Martins Rubber
Colonial DPP
SJG International
Griswold
Elasto Proxy
Stockwell Elastomerics
CGR Products
Saint-Gobain
Mosites Rubber Company
EMKA GROUP
Zeon Corporation
Fostek
Monmouth Rubber & Plastics
OHJI RUBBER & CHEMICALS CO., LTD.
Foamty Corp.
Changzhou Tiansheng
Sansheng industry
Quanzhou NingShun
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Closed-cell Rubber
Open-cell Rubber
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Sponge Rubber for each application, including-
Automotive Industry
Building & Construction
Aerospace Industry
Medical Industry
Daily Necessities
PART I SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Sponge Rubber Definition
1.2 Sponge Rubber Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Sponge Rubber Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Sponge Rubber Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Sponge Rubber Application Analysis
1.3.1 Sponge Rubber Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Sponge Rubber Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Sponge Rubber Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Sponge Rubber Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Sponge Rubber Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Sponge Rubber Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Sponge Rubber Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Sponge Rubber Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Sponge Rubber Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Sponge Rubber Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Sponge Rubber Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Sponge Rubber Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SPONGE RUBBER UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Sponge Rubber Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SPONGE RUBBER MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Sponge Rubber Product Development History
3.2 Asia Sponge Rubber Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Sponge Rubber Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2017-2022 ASIA SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
4.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
4.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
4.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SPONGE RUBBER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
6.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
6.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
6.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Sponge Rubber Product Development History
7.2 North American Sponge Rubber Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Sponge Rubber Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2017-2022 NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
8.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
8.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
8.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
10.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
10.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
10.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Sponge Rubber Product Development History
11.2 Europe Sponge Rubber Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Sponge Rubber Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2017-2022 EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
12.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
12.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
12.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
14.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
14.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
14.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SPONGE RUBBER MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SPONGE RUBBER MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Sponge Rubber Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Sponge Rubber Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Sponge Rubber Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SPONGE RUBBER NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Sponge Rubber Market Analysis
17.2 Sponge Rubber Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Sponge Rubber New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2017-2022 GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
18.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
18.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
18.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
19.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
19.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
19.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Sponge Rubber Definition
1.2 Sponge Rubber Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Sponge Rubber Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Sponge Rubber Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Sponge Rubber Application Analysis
1.3.1 Sponge Rubber Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Sponge Rubber Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Sponge Rubber Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Sponge Rubber Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Sponge Rubber Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Sponge Rubber Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Sponge Rubber Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Sponge Rubber Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Sponge Rubber Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Sponge Rubber Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Sponge Rubber Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Sponge Rubber Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SPONGE RUBBER UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Sponge Rubber Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SPONGE RUBBER MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Sponge Rubber Product Development History
3.2 Asia Sponge Rubber Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Sponge Rubber Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2017-2022 ASIA SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
4.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
4.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
4.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SPONGE RUBBER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
6.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
6.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
6.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Sponge Rubber Product Development History
7.2 North American Sponge Rubber Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Sponge Rubber Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2017-2022 NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
8.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
8.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
8.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
10.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
10.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
10.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Sponge Rubber Product Development History
11.2 Europe Sponge Rubber Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Sponge Rubber Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2017-2022 EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
12.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
12.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
12.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
14.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
14.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
14.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SPONGE RUBBER MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SPONGE RUBBER MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Sponge Rubber Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Sponge Rubber Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Sponge Rubber Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SPONGE RUBBER NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Sponge Rubber Market Analysis
17.2 Sponge Rubber Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Sponge Rubber New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2017-2022 GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
18.2 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
18.4 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
18.6 2017-2022 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Overview
19.2 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Demand Overview
19.4 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Import Export Consumption
19.6 2022-2026 Sponge Rubber Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SPONGE RUBBER INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS