Global Soft Contact Lens Market Research Report 2020-2024
Contact lens, or simply contacts, are thin lenses placed directly on the surface of the eyes. In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Soft Contact Lens Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Soft Contact Lens market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Soft Contact Lens basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Novartis
CooperVision
Bausch + Lomb
St.Shine Optical
Menicon
Hydron
Weicon
Bescon
NEO Vision
Clearlab
Oculus
Camax
Seed
Hoya Corp
OVCTEK
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Daily Soft Contact Lens
Weekly Replacement Lens
Monthly Replacement Lens
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Soft Contact Lens for each application, including-
Cosmetic
Therapeutic
Corrective
In this report, the global Soft Contact Lens market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the Soft Contact Lens basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Novartis
CooperVision
Bausch + Lomb
St.Shine Optical
Menicon
Hydron
Weicon
Bescon
NEO Vision
Clearlab
Oculus
Camax
Seed
Hoya Corp
OVCTEK
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Daily Soft Contact Lens
Weekly Replacement Lens
Monthly Replacement Lens
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Soft Contact Lens for each application, including-
Cosmetic
Therapeutic
Corrective
PART I SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Soft Contact Lens Definition
1.2 Soft Contact Lens Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Soft Contact Lens Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Soft Contact Lens Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Soft Contact Lens Application Analysis
1.3.1 Soft Contact Lens Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Soft Contact Lens Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Soft Contact Lens Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Soft Contact Lens Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Soft Contact Lens Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Soft Contact Lens Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Soft Contact Lens Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Soft Contact Lens Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Soft Contact Lens Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Soft Contact Lens Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Soft Contact Lens Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Soft Contact Lens Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SOFT CONTACT LENS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Soft Contact Lens Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Soft Contact Lens Product Development History
3.2 Asia Soft Contact Lens Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Soft Contact Lens Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Soft Contact Lens Product Development History
7.2 North American Soft Contact Lens Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Soft Contact Lens Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Soft Contact Lens Product Development History
11.2 Europe Soft Contact Lens Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Soft Contact Lens Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Soft Contact Lens Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Soft Contact Lens Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Soft Contact Lens Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SOFT CONTACT LENS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Soft Contact Lens Market Analysis
17.2 Soft Contact Lens Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Soft Contact Lens New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Soft Contact Lens Definition
1.2 Soft Contact Lens Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Soft Contact Lens Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Soft Contact Lens Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Soft Contact Lens Application Analysis
1.3.1 Soft Contact Lens Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Soft Contact Lens Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Soft Contact Lens Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Soft Contact Lens Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Soft Contact Lens Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Soft Contact Lens Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Soft Contact Lens Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Soft Contact Lens Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Soft Contact Lens Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Soft Contact Lens Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Soft Contact Lens Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Soft Contact Lens Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO SOFT CONTACT LENS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Soft Contact Lens Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Soft Contact Lens Product Development History
3.2 Asia Soft Contact Lens Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Soft Contact Lens Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Soft Contact Lens Product Development History
7.2 North American Soft Contact Lens Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Soft Contact Lens Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Soft Contact Lens Product Development History
11.2 Europe Soft Contact Lens Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Soft Contact Lens Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN SOFT CONTACT LENS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Soft Contact Lens Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Soft Contact Lens Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Soft Contact Lens Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN SOFT CONTACT LENS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Soft Contact Lens Market Analysis
17.2 Soft Contact Lens Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Soft Contact Lens New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 Soft Contact Lens Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL SOFT CONTACT LENS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS