Global Polyvinyl Formal Industry 2014 Market Research Report
![](/report_cover/7525/global-polyvinyl-formal-industry-2014-market-research-report_en.gif)
2014 Global Polyvinyl Formal Industry Report is a professional and in-depth research report on the world's major regional market conditions of the Polyvinyl Formal industry, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and the main countries (United States, Germany, Japan and China).
The report firstly introduced the Polyvinyl Formal basics: definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain overview; industry policies and plans; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures and so on. Then it analyzed the world's main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, capacity utilization, supply, demand and industry growth rate etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The report includes six parts, dealing with: 1.) basic information; 2.) the Asia Polyvinyl Formal industry; 3.) the North American Polyvinyl Formal industry; 4.) the European Polyvinyl Formal industry; 5.) market entry and investment feasibility; and 6.) the report conclusion.
The report firstly introduced the Polyvinyl Formal basics: definitions, classifications, applications and industry chain overview; industry policies and plans; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures and so on. Then it analyzed the world's main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, capacity utilization, supply, demand and industry growth rate etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The report includes six parts, dealing with: 1.) basic information; 2.) the Asia Polyvinyl Formal industry; 3.) the North American Polyvinyl Formal industry; 4.) the European Polyvinyl Formal industry; 5.) market entry and investment feasibility; and 6.) the report conclusion.
PART I POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Polyvinyl Formal Definition
1.2 Polyvinyl Formal Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Polyvinyl Formal Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Polyvinyl Formal Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Polyvinyl Formal Application Analysis
1.3.1 Polyvinyl Formal Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Polyvinyl Formal Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Polyvinyl Formal Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Polyvinyl Formal Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Polyvinyl Formal Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Polyvinyl Formal Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Polyvinyl Formal Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Polyvinyl Formal Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Polyvinyl Formal Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Polyvinyl Formal Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Polyvinyl Formal Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Polyvinyl Formal Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO POLYVINYL FORMAL UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
2.1.2 Upstream Raw Materials Market Analysis
2.1.3 Upstream Raw Materials Market Trend
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.1.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Product Development History
3.2 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Process Development History
3.3 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Industry Policy and Plan Analysis
3.4 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.5 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2009-2014 ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
4.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
4.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
4.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
6.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
6.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
6.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Polyvinyl Formal Product Development History
7.2 North American Polyvinyl Formal Process Development History
7.3 North American Polyvinyl Formal Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.4 North American Polyvinyl Formal Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2009-2014 NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
8.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
8.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
8.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
10.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
10.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
10.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Product Development History
11.2 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Process Development History
11.3 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Industry Policy and Plan Analysis
11.4 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.5 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2009-2014 EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
12.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
12.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
12.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
14.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
14.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
14.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Polyvinyl Formal Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Polyvinyl Formal Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Polyvinyl Formal Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN POLYVINYL FORMAL NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Polyvinyl Formal Market Analysis
17.2 Polyvinyl Formal Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Polyvinyl Formal New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2009-2014 GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
18.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
18.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
18.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
19.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
19.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
19.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Polyvinyl Formal Definition
1.2 Polyvinyl Formal Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Polyvinyl Formal Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Polyvinyl Formal Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Polyvinyl Formal Application Analysis
1.3.1 Polyvinyl Formal Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Polyvinyl Formal Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Polyvinyl Formal Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Polyvinyl Formal Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Polyvinyl Formal Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Polyvinyl Formal Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Polyvinyl Formal Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Polyvinyl Formal Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Polyvinyl Formal Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Polyvinyl Formal Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Polyvinyl Formal Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Polyvinyl Formal Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO POLYVINYL FORMAL UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Upstream Raw Materials Price Analysis
2.1.2 Upstream Raw Materials Market Analysis
2.1.3 Upstream Raw Materials Market Trend
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.1.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Product Development History
3.2 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Process Development History
3.3 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Industry Policy and Plan Analysis
3.4 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.5 Asia Polyvinyl Formal Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2009-2014 ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
4.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
4.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
4.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
6.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
6.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
6.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Polyvinyl Formal Product Development History
7.2 North American Polyvinyl Formal Process Development History
7.3 North American Polyvinyl Formal Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.4 North American Polyvinyl Formal Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2009-2014 NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
8.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
8.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
8.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
10.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
10.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
10.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Product Development History
11.2 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Process Development History
11.3 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Industry Policy and Plan Analysis
11.4 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.5 Europe Polyvinyl Formal Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2009-2014 EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
12.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
12.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
12.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
14.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
14.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
14.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN POLYVINYL FORMAL MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Polyvinyl Formal Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Polyvinyl Formal Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Polyvinyl Formal Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN POLYVINYL FORMAL NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Polyvinyl Formal Market Analysis
17.2 Polyvinyl Formal Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Polyvinyl Formal New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2009-2014 GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
18.2 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
18.4 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
18.6 2009-2014 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Capacity Production Overview
19.2 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Demand Overview
19.4 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Import Export Consumption
19.6 2014-2018 Polyvinyl Formal Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL POLYVINYL FORMAL INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS