Global and Chinese Wheel Alignment Industry, 2017 Market Research Report
The 'Global and Chinese Wheel Alignment Industry, 2012-2022 Market Research Report' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Wheel Alignment industry with a focus on the Chinese market.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Wheel Alignment manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail.
In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2012-2017 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Wheel Alignment industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Wheel Alignment industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.
In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Wheel Alignment Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2022 global and Chinese Wheel Alignment industry covering all important parameters.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Wheel Alignment manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry. Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail.
In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2012-2017 market shares for each company. Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Wheel Alignment industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Wheel Alignment industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.
In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Wheel Alignment Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2022 global and Chinese Wheel Alignment industry covering all important parameters.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Wheel Alignment
1.2 Development of Wheel Alignment Industry
1.3 Status of Wheel Alignment Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT
2.1 Development of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2012-2017 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT
4.1 2012-2017 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Wheel Alignment Industry
4.2 2012-2017 Global Cost and Profit of Wheel Alignment Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Wheel Alignment Industry
4.4 2012-2017 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
4.5 2012-2017 Chinese Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Wheel Alignment Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Wheel Alignment Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Wheel Alignment Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2017-2022 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
6.1 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Wheel Alignment
6.2 2017-2022 Wheel Alignment Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Market Share of Wheel Alignment
6.4 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
6.5 2017-2022 Chinese Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Wheel Alignment Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
9.1 Wheel Alignment Industry News
9.2 Wheel Alignment Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Wheel Alignment Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Wheel Alignment
1.2 Development of Wheel Alignment Industry
1.3 Status of Wheel Alignment Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT
2.1 Development of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2012-2017 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT
4.1 2012-2017 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Wheel Alignment Industry
4.2 2012-2017 Global Cost and Profit of Wheel Alignment Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Wheel Alignment Industry
4.4 2012-2017 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
4.5 2012-2017 Chinese Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Wheel Alignment Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Wheel Alignment Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Wheel Alignment Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2017-2022 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
6.1 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Wheel Alignment
6.2 2017-2022 Wheel Alignment Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Market Share of Wheel Alignment
6.4 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
6.5 2017-2022 Chinese Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Wheel Alignment Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
9.1 Wheel Alignment Industry News
9.2 Wheel Alignment Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Wheel Alignment Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE WHEEL ALIGNMENT INDUSTRY
TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Wheel Alignment Product Picture
Table Development of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Wheel Alignment
Table Trends of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Share of Global Wheel Alignment Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
Table 2012-2017 Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
Figure 2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2012-2017 Chinese Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2012-2017 Chinese Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wheel Alignment Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese Share of Global Wheel Alignment Production
Table 2017-2022 Global Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
Table 2017-2022 Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Wheel Alignment Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Wheel Alignment
Figure Downstream Analysis of Wheel Alignment
Table Growth of World output, 2012 – 2017, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Wheel Alignment Industry
Table Wheel Alignment Industry Development Challenges
Table Wheel Alignment Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Wheel Alignments Project Feasibility Study
Figure Wheel Alignment Product Picture
Table Development of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Wheel Alignment
Table Trends of Wheel Alignment Manufacturing Technology
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Figure Wheel Alignment Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Wheel Alignment Production Global Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Share of Global Wheel Alignment Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
Table 2012-2017 Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
Figure 2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Production Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2012-2017 Global Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2012-2017 Chinese Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2012-2017 Chinese Wheel Alignment Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Global Wheel Alignment Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Global Wheel Alignment Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese Share of Global Wheel Alignment Production
Table 2017-2022 Global Supply and Consumption of Wheel Alignment
Table 2017-2022 Import and Export of Wheel Alignment
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Wheel Alignment Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Wheel Alignment
Figure Downstream Analysis of Wheel Alignment
Table Growth of World output, 2012 – 2017, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Wheel Alignment Industry
Table Wheel Alignment Industry Development Challenges
Table Wheel Alignment Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Wheel Alignments Project Feasibility Study
