Global and Chinese Hepar Extractum Industry, 2017 Market Research Report
The 'Global and Chinese Hepar Extractum Industry, 2012-2022 Market Research Report' is a professional and in-depth study on the current state of the global Hepar Extractum industry with a focus on the Chinese market.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Hepar Extractum manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail. In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2012-2017 market shares for each company.
Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Hepar Extractum industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Hepar Extractum industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.
In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Hepar Extractum Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2022 global and Chinese Hepar Extractum industry covering all important parameters.
The report provides key statistics on the market status of the Hepar Extractum manufacturers and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the industry.Firstly, the report provides a basic overview of the industry including its definition, applications and manufacturing technology. Then, the report explores the international and Chinese major industry players in detail. In this part, the report presents the company profile, product specifications, capacity, production value, and 2012-2017 market shares for each company.
Through the statistical analysis, the report depicts the global and Chinese total market of Hepar Extractum industry including capacity, production, production value, cost/profit, supply/demand and Chinese import/export. The total market is further divided by company, by country, and by application/type for the competitive landscape analysis. The report then estimates 2017-2022 market development trends of Hepar Extractum industry. Analysis of upstream raw materials, downstream demand, and current market dynamics is also carried out.
In the end, the report makes some important proposals for a new project of Hepar Extractum Industry before evaluating its feasibility. Overall, the report provides an in-depth insight of 2012-2022 global and Chinese Hepar Extractum industry covering all important parameters.
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Hepar Extractum
1.2 Development of Hepar Extractum Industry
1.3 Status of Hepar Extractum Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM
2.1 Development of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2012-2017 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM
4.1 2012-2017 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Hepar Extractum Industry
4.2 2012-2017 Global Cost and Profit of Hepar Extractum Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Hepar Extractum Industry
4.4 2012-2017 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
4.5 2012-2017 Chinese Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Hepar Extractum Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Hepar Extractum Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Hepar Extractum Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2017-2022 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
6.1 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Hepar Extractum
6.2 2017-2022 Hepar Extractum Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Market Share of Hepar Extractum
6.4 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
6.5 2017-2022 Chinese Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Hepar Extractum Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
9.1 Hepar Extractum Industry News
9.2 Hepar Extractum Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Hepar Extractum Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
1.1 Brief Introduction of Hepar Extractum
1.2 Development of Hepar Extractum Industry
1.3 Status of Hepar Extractum Industry
CHAPTER TWO MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM
2.1 Development of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
2.2 Analysis of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
2.3 Trends of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
CHAPTER THREE ANALYSIS OF GLOBAL KEY MANUFACTURERS
3.1
3.1.1 Company Profile
3.1.2 Product Information
3.1.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.1.4 Contact Information
3.2
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.2.2 Product Information
3.2.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.2.4 Contact Information
3.3
3.2.1 Company Profile
3.3.2 Product Information
3.3.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.3.4 Contact Information
3.4
3.4.1 Company Profile
3.4.2 Product Information
3.4.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.4.4 Contact Information
3.5
3.5.1 Company Profile
3.5.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.5.4 Contact Information
3.6
3.6.1 Company Profile
3.6.2 Product Information
3.5.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.6.4 Contact Information
3.7
3.7.1 Company Profile
3.7.2 Product Information
3.7.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.7.4 Contact Information
3.8
3.8.1 Company Profile
3.8.2 Product Information
3.8.3 2012-2017 Production Information
3.8.4 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOUR 2012-2017 GLOBAL AND CHINESE MARKET OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM
4.1 2012-2017 Global Capacity, Production and Production Value of Hepar Extractum Industry
4.2 2012-2017 Global Cost and Profit of Hepar Extractum Industry
4.3 Market Comparison of Global and Chinese Hepar Extractum Industry
4.4 2012-2017 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
4.5 2012-2017 Chinese Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
CHAPTER FIVE MARKET STATUS OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
5.1 Market Competition of Hepar Extractum Industry by Company
5.2 Market Competition of Hepar Extractum Industry by Country (USA, EU, Japan, Chinese etc.)
5.3 Market Analysis of Hepar Extractum Consumption by Application/Type
CHAPTER SIX 2017-2022 MARKET FORECAST OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
6.1 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Capacity, Production, and Production Value of Hepar Extractum
6.2 2017-2022 Hepar Extractum Industry Cost and Profit Estimation
6.3 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Market Share of Hepar Extractum
6.4 2017-2022 Global and Chinese Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
6.5 2017-2022 Chinese Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
CHAPTER SEVEN ANALYSIS OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY CHAIN
7.1 Industry Chain Structure
7.2 Upstream Raw Materials
7.3 Downstream Industry
CHAPTER EIGHT GLOBAL AND CHINESE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
8.1 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
8.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
8.1.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Analysis
8.2 Global and Chinese Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
8.2.1 Global Macroeconomic Outlook
8.2.2 Chinese Macroeconomic Outlook
8.3 Effects to Hepar Extractum Industry
CHAPTER NINE MARKET DYNAMICS OF HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
9.1 Hepar Extractum Industry News
9.2 Hepar Extractum Industry Development Challenges
9.3 Hepar Extractum Industry Development Opportunities
CHAPTER TEN PROPOSALS FOR NEW PROJECT
10.1 Market Entry Strategies
10.2 Countermeasures of Economic Impact
10.3 Marketing Channels
10.4 Feasibility Studies of New Project Investment
CHAPTER ELEVEN RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS OF GLOBAL AND CHINESE HEPAR EXTRACTUM INDUSTRY
TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Hepar Extractum Product Picture
Table Development of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Hepar Extractum
Table Trends of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity List
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Share of Global Hepar Extractum Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
Table 2012-2017 Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
Figure 2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2012-2017 Chinese Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2012-2017 Chinese Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2017-2022 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Global Hepar Extractum Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese Share of Global Hepar Extractum Production
Table 2017-2022 Global Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
Table 2017-2022 Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Hepar Extractum Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Hepar Extractum
Figure Downstream Analysis of Hepar Extractum
Table Growth of World output, 2012 – 2017, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Hepar Extractum Industry
Table Hepar Extractum Industry Development Challenges
Table Hepar Extractum Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Hepar Extractums Project Feasibility Study
Figure Hepar Extractum Product Picture
Table Development of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
Figure Manufacturing Process of Hepar Extractum
Table Trends of Hepar Extractum Manufacturing Technology
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Figure Hepar Extractum Product and Specifications
Table 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Product Capacity, Production, and Production Value etc. List
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Hepar Extractum Production Global Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity List
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Manufacturers Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production List
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Manufacturers Production Share
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Value List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Value Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Manufacturers Production Value Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Share of Global Hepar Extractum Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
Table 2012-2017 Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
Figure 2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Capacity Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Market Share
Figure 2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Manufacturers Production Value Market Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Capacity Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Production Share
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume
Table 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume Share List
Figure 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Key Countries Consumption Volume Share
Figure 78 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market by Application
Table 89 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market Share List by Application
Figure 79 2012-2017 Global Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market Share by Application
Table 90 2012-2017 Chinese Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market List by Application
Figure 80 2012-2017 Chinese Hepar Extractum Consumption Volume Market by Application
Figure 2017-2022 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Global Hepar Extractum Production Value and Growth Rate
Table 2017-2022 Global Hepar Extractum Capacity Production Cost Profit and Gross Margin List
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese Share of Global Hepar Extractum Production
Table 2017-2022 Global Supply and Consumption of Hepar Extractum
Table 2017-2022 Import and Export of Hepar Extractum
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Hepar Extractum Industry
Figure Production Cost Analysis of Hepar Extractum
Figure Downstream Analysis of Hepar Extractum
Table Growth of World output, 2012 – 2017, Annual Percentage Change
Figure Unemployment Rates in Selected Developed Countries, January 2008 – March 201560
Figure Nominal Effective Exchange Rate: Japan and Selected Emerging Economies, September 2012-March 2015
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese CPI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese PMI Changes
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Financial Revenue and Growth Rate
Figure 2012-2017 Chinese Total Fixed Asset Investment and Growth Rate
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese GDP and Growth Rates
Figure 2017-2022 Chinese CPI Changes
Table Economic Effects to Hepar Extractum Industry
Table Hepar Extractum Industry Development Challenges
Table Hepar Extractum Industry Development Opportunities
Figure Map of Chinese's 33 Provinces and Administrative Regions
Table Selected Cities According to Industrial Orientation
Figure Chinese IPR Strategy
Table Brief Summary of Suggestions
Table New Hepar Extractums Project Feasibility Study
