The Global Market for Synthetic Biology 2024-2035
Synthetic biology, also known as engineering biology, focuses on designing and applying biological processes to underpin new products and manufacturing approaches across a range of industries, from novel medicines and therapeutics to the sustainable production of food, energy, medicines, chemicals, and materials.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Synthetic Biology Industry
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving synthetic biology market and its transformative impact across major industries. Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field that combines science and engineering, applying the principles and tools of engineering to biology. It enables the design and construction of new biological systems, devices, and pathways for valuable applications.
The report begins with an overview of synthetic biology, comparing it to conventional processes and genetic engineering approaches. It examines the core principles, advantages of the technology such as sustainability, and potential to enable a circular bioeconomy. Key synthetic biology tools and techniques are analyzed in detail, including metabolic engineering, genome engineering (CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs), gene synthesis, protein engineering, synthetic genomics, cell-free systems, and more.
Critical Insights into Technology, Applications & Markets
A thorough technology analysis covers the diverse biomanufacturing processes employed like fermentation, batch/continuous processes, cell culture systems, bioprinting, and smart bioprocessing integrated with AI/automation. Feedstocks utilized range from C1/C2 compounds, lignocellulosic biomass, food wastes, plastics, and gases like methane and CO2. Emerging areas like xenobiology, biosensors, marine biotechnology and bioelectronics are explored.
The report provides vital data on established and emerging synthetic biology markets including biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, algal biofuels, biohydrogen, biobutanol, etc.), bio-based chemicals (acids, alcohols, polymers), bioplastics (PLA, PHAs, biopolymers), bioremediation, biocatalysis, food ingredients, sustainable agriculture, textiles, consumer products, packaging, construction materials, and healthcare/pharmaceuticals.
Comprehensive Coverage of Industry Landscape
A detailed market analysis covers the key industry trends and drivers such as sustainability, the transition to a circular bioeconomy, and technology advancements enabling new products and processes. Challenges like regulatory hurdles, public acceptance, and technical constraints are evaluated. The report examines synthetic biology's role across the bioeconomy value chain. The SWOT analysis outlines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for synthetic biology. Forecasts are provided for the overall synthetic biology market revenues from 2018 to 2035, segmented by region and individual market verticals like biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, etc.
Company Profiles and Industry Intelligence
With over 295 company profiles, the report offers unmatched industry intelligence covering key stakeholders. Companies profiled include Aanika Biosciences, Amyris, Apeel, Agrivida, Bolt Threads, Erebagen, Eligo Bioscience, Geltor, Ginkgo Bioworks, Impossible Foods, Industrial Microbes, Kiverdi, LanzaTech, Lygos, Mammoth Biosciences, Mango Materials, Perfect Day, Pivot Bio, Synthego, Twist Bioscience, Uluu, Van Heron Labs, and Viridos. The report also covers investment in companies from 2021-2024.
This report is an essential resource for organizations and stakeholders seeking to understand the vast potential of synthetic biology and develop strategies to effectively navigate this rapidly evolving landscape. It offers comprehensive technology insights, quantitative market data, trend analysis and unmatched company profiles - empowering informed business decisions and staying ahead of the innovation curve.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Synthetic Biology Industry
This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving synthetic biology market and its transformative impact across major industries. Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary field that combines science and engineering, applying the principles and tools of engineering to biology. It enables the design and construction of new biological systems, devices, and pathways for valuable applications.
The report begins with an overview of synthetic biology, comparing it to conventional processes and genetic engineering approaches. It examines the core principles, advantages of the technology such as sustainability, and potential to enable a circular bioeconomy. Key synthetic biology tools and techniques are analyzed in detail, including metabolic engineering, genome engineering (CRISPR/Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs), gene synthesis, protein engineering, synthetic genomics, cell-free systems, and more.
Critical Insights into Technology, Applications & Markets
A thorough technology analysis covers the diverse biomanufacturing processes employed like fermentation, batch/continuous processes, cell culture systems, bioprinting, and smart bioprocessing integrated with AI/automation. Feedstocks utilized range from C1/C2 compounds, lignocellulosic biomass, food wastes, plastics, and gases like methane and CO2. Emerging areas like xenobiology, biosensors, marine biotechnology and bioelectronics are explored.
The report provides vital data on established and emerging synthetic biology markets including biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, algal biofuels, biohydrogen, biobutanol, etc.), bio-based chemicals (acids, alcohols, polymers), bioplastics (PLA, PHAs, biopolymers), bioremediation, biocatalysis, food ingredients, sustainable agriculture, textiles, consumer products, packaging, construction materials, and healthcare/pharmaceuticals.
Comprehensive Coverage of Industry Landscape
A detailed market analysis covers the key industry trends and drivers such as sustainability, the transition to a circular bioeconomy, and technology advancements enabling new products and processes. Challenges like regulatory hurdles, public acceptance, and technical constraints are evaluated. The report examines synthetic biology's role across the bioeconomy value chain. The SWOT analysis outlines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for synthetic biology. Forecasts are provided for the overall synthetic biology market revenues from 2018 to 2035, segmented by region and individual market verticals like biofuels, biochemicals, bioplastics, etc.
Company Profiles and Industry Intelligence
With over 295 company profiles, the report offers unmatched industry intelligence covering key stakeholders. Companies profiled include Aanika Biosciences, Amyris, Apeel, Agrivida, Bolt Threads, Erebagen, Eligo Bioscience, Geltor, Ginkgo Bioworks, Impossible Foods, Industrial Microbes, Kiverdi, LanzaTech, Lygos, Mammoth Biosciences, Mango Materials, Perfect Day, Pivot Bio, Synthego, Twist Bioscience, Uluu, Van Heron Labs, and Viridos. The report also covers investment in companies from 2021-2024.
This report is an essential resource for organizations and stakeholders seeking to understand the vast potential of synthetic biology and develop strategies to effectively navigate this rapidly evolving landscape. It offers comprehensive technology insights, quantitative market data, trend analysis and unmatched company profiles - empowering informed business decisions and staying ahead of the innovation curve.
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1 Overview of the global synthetic biology market
2.2 Difference between synthetic biology and genetic engineering
2.3 Market size and growth projections
2.4 Major trends and drivers
2.5 Investments in synthetic biology
2.6 Industrial biotechnology value chain
3 INTRODUCTION
3.1 What is synthetic biology?
3.2 Comparison with conventional processes
3.3 Applications
3.4 Advantages
3.5 Sustainability
3.6 Synthetic Biology for the Circular Economy
4 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
4.1 Biomanufacturing processes
4.1.1 Batch biomanufacturing
4.1.2 Continuous biomanufacturing
4.1.3 Fermentation Processes
4.1.4 Cell-free synthesis
4.1.5 Biofilm-based production
4.1.6 Microfluidic systems
4.1.7 Photobioreactors
4.1.8 Membrane bioreactors
4.1.9 Plant cell culture
4.1.10 Mammalian cell culture
4.1.11 Bioprinting
4.2 Cell factories for biomanufacturing
4.3 Technology Overview
4.3.1 Metabolic engineering
4.3.2 Gene and DNA synthesis
4.3.3 Gene Synthesis and Assembly
4.3.4 Genome engineering
4.3.4.1 CRISPR
4.3.4.1.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
4.3.4.1.2 TALENs
4.3.4.1.3 ZFNs
4.3.5 Protein/Enzyme Engineering
4.3.6 Synthetic genomics
4.3.6.1 Principles of Synthetic Genomics
4.3.6.2 Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes
4.3.7 Strain construction and optimization
4.3.8 Smart bioprocessing
4.3.9 Chassis organisms
4.3.10 Biomimetics
4.3.11 Sustainable materials
4.3.12 Robotics and automation
4.3.12.1 Robotic cloud laboratories
4.3.12.2 Automating organism design
4.3.12.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
4.3.13 Bioinformatics and computational tools
4.3.13.1 Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology
4.3.13.2 Computational Tools for Design and Analysis
4.3.14 Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets
4.3.15 Biosensors and bioelectronics
4.3.16 Feedstocks
4.3.16.1 C1 feedstocks
4.3.16.1.1 Advantages
4.3.16.1.2 Pathways
4.3.16.1.3 Challenges
4.3.16.1.4 Non-methane C1 feedstocks
4.3.16.1.5 Gas fermentation
4.3.16.2 C2 feedstocks
4.3.16.3 Biological conversion of CO2
4.3.16.4 Food processing wastes
4.3.16.5 Lignocellulosic biomass
4.3.16.6 Syngas
4.3.16.7 Glycerol
4.3.16.8 Methane
4.3.16.9 Municipal solid wastes
4.3.16.10 Plastic wastes
4.3.16.11 Plant oils
4.3.16.12 Starch
4.3.16.13 Sugars
4.3.16.14 Used cooking oils
4.3.16.15 Green hydrogen production
4.3.16.16 Blue hydrogen production
4.3.17 Marine biotechnology
4.3.17.1 Cyanobacteria
4.3.17.2 Macroalgae
4.3.17.3 Companies
5 MARKET ANALYSIS
5.1 Market trends and drivers
5.2 Industry challenges and constraints
5.3 Synthetic biology in the bioeconomy
5.4 SWOT analysis
5.5 Synthetic biology markets
5.5.1 Biofuels
5.5.1.1 Solid Biofuels
5.5.1.2 Liquid Biofuels
5.5.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels
5.5.1.4 Conventional Biofuels
5.5.1.5 Advanced Biofuels
5.5.1.6 Feedstocks
5.5.1.6.1 First-generation (1-G)
5.5.1.6.2 Second-generation (2-G)
5.5.1.6.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
5.5.1.6.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
5.5.1.6.3 Third-generation (3-G)
5.5.1.6.3.1 Algal biofuels
5.5.1.6.3.1.1 Properties
5.5.1.6.3.1.2 Advantages
5.5.1.6.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
5.5.1.6.5 Energy crops
5.5.1.6.6 Agricultural residues
5.5.1.6.7 Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste
5.5.1.6.8 Forestry and wood waste
5.5.1.6.9 Feedstock costs
5.5.1.7 Synthetic biology approaches for biofuel production
5.5.1.8 Bioethanol
5.5.1.8.1 Ethanol to jet fuel technology
5.5.1.8.2 Methanol from pulp & paper production
5.5.1.8.3 Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
5.5.1.8.4 Gasification
5.5.1.8.4.1 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
5.5.1.8.4.2 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
5.5.1.8.5 CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
5.5.1.8.6 Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
5.5.1.8.7 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
5.5.1.8.7.1 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
5.5.1.8.7.2 Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
5.5.1.8.7.3 Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
5.5.1.8.7.4 Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
5.5.1.9 Biodiesel
5.5.1.10 Biogas
5.5.1.10.1 Biomethane
5.5.1.10.2 Feedstocks
5.5.1.10.3 Anaerobic digestion
5.5.1.11 Renewable diesel
5.5.1.12 Biojet fuel
5.5.1.13 Algal biofuels (blue biotech)
5.5.1.13.1 Conversion pathways
5.5.1.13.2 Market challenges
5.5.1.13.3 Prices
5.5.1.13.4 Producers
5.5.1.14 Biohydrogen
5.5.1.14.1 Biological Conversion Routes
5.5.1.14.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
5.5.1.14.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
5.5.1.15 Biobutanol
5.5.1.16 Bio-based methanol
5.5.1.16.1 Anaerobic digestion
5.5.1.16.2 Biomass gasification
5.5.1.16.3 Power to Methane
5.5.1.17 Bioisoprene
5.5.1.18 Fatty Acid Esters
5.5.2 Bio-based chemicals
5.5.2.1 Acetic acid
5.5.2.2 Adipic acid
5.5.2.3 Aldehydes
5.5.2.4 Acrylic acid
5.5.2.5 Bacterial cellulose
5.5.2.6 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
5.5.2.7 Bio-DME
5.5.2.8 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
5.5.2.9 Ethylene
5.5.2.10 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)
5.5.2.11 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
5.5.2.12 Itaconic acid
5.5.2.13 Lactic acid (D-LA)
5.5.2.14 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)
5.5.2.15 Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
5.5.2.16 Malonic acid
5.5.2.17 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
5.5.2.18 Propylene
5.5.2.19 Succinic acid (SA)
5.5.2.20 Triglycerides
5.5.2.21 Enzymes
5.5.2.22 Vitamins
5.5.2.23 Antibiotics
5.5.3 Bioplastics and Biopolymers
5.5.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
5.5.3.2 PHAs
5.5.3.2.1 Types
5.5.3.2.1.1 PHB
5.5.3.2.1.2 PHBV
5.5.3.2.2 Synthesis and production processes
5.5.3.2.3 Commercially available PHAs
5.5.3.3 Bio-PET
5.5.3.4 Starch blends
5.5.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics
5.5.4 Bioremediation
5.5.5 Biocatalysis
5.5.5.1 Biotransformations
5.5.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis
5.5.5.3 Co-factor recycling
5.5.5.4 Immobilization
5.5.6 Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients
5.5.6.1 Alternative Proteins
5.5.6.2 Natural Sweeteners
5.5.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances
5.5.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners
5.5.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements
5.5.7 Sustainable agriculture
5.5.7.1 Crop Improvement and Trait Development
5.5.7.2 Plant-Microbe Interactions and Symbiosis
5.5.7.3 Biofertilizers
5.5.7.3.1 Overview
5.5.7.3.2 Companies
5.5.7.4 Biopesticides
5.5.7.4.1 Overview
5.5.7.4.2 Companies
5.5.7.5 Biostimulants
5.5.7.5.1 Overview
5.5.7.5.2 Companies
5.5.7.6 Crop Biotechnology
5.5.7.6.1 Genetic engineering
5.5.7.6.2 Genome editing
5.5.7.6.3 Companies
5.5.8 Textiles
5.5.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers
5.5.8.1.1 Lyocell
5.5.8.1.2 Bacterial cellulose
5.5.8.1.3 Algae textiles
5.5.8.2 Bio-based leather
5.5.8.2.1 Properties of bio-based leathers
5.5.8.2.1.1 Tear strength
5.5.8.2.1.2 Tensile strength
5.5.8.2.1.3 Bally flexing
5.5.8.2.2 Comparison with conventional leathers
5.5.8.2.3 Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers
5.5.8.3 Plant-based leather
5.5.8.3.1 Overview
5.5.8.3.2 Production processes
5.5.8.3.2.1 Feedstocks
5.5.8.3.2.2 Agriculture Residues
5.5.8.3.2.3 Food Processing Waste
5.5.8.3.2.4 Invasive Plants
5.5.8.3.2.5 Culture-Grown Inputs
5.5.8.3.2.6 Textile-Based
5.5.8.3.2.7 Bio-Composite
5.5.8.3.3 Products
5.5.8.3.4 Market players
5.5.8.4 Mycelium leather
5.5.8.4.1 Overview
5.5.8.4.2 Production process
5.5.8.4.2.1 Growth conditions
5.5.8.4.2.2 Tanning Mycelium Leather
5.5.8.4.2.3 Dyeing Mycelium Leather
5.5.8.4.3 Products
5.5.8.4.4 Market players
5.5.8.5 Microbial leather
5.5.8.5.1 Overview
5.5.8.5.2 Production process
5.5.8.5.3 Fermentation conditions
5.5.8.5.4 Harvesting
5.5.8.5.5 Products
5.5.8.5.6 Market players
5.5.8.6 Lab grown leather
5.5.8.6.1 Overview
5.5.8.6.2 Production process
5.5.8.6.3 Products
5.5.8.6.4 Market players
5.5.8.7 Protein-based leather
5.5.8.7.1 Overview
5.5.8.7.2 Production process
5.5.8.7.3 Commercial activity
5.5.8.8 Recombinant Materials
5.5.8.9 Sustainable Processing
5.5.9 Packaging
5.5.9.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
5.5.9.2 Applications
5.5.9.2.1 Vials, bottles, and containers
5.5.9.2.2 Disposable items and household goods
5.5.9.2.3 Food packaging
5.5.9.2.4 Wet wipes and diapers
5.5.9.3 Proteins
5.5.9.4 Algae-based
5.5.9.5 Mycelium
5.5.9.6 Antimicrobial films and agents
5.5.10 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
5.5.10.1 Drug discovery and development
5.5.10.2 Gene therapy and regenerative medicine
5.5.10.3 Vaccine production
5.5.10.4 Personalized medicine
5.5.10.5 Diagnostic tools and biosensors
5.5.10.6 Companies
5.5.11 Cosmetics
5.5.12 Surfactants and detergents
5.5.13 Construction materials
5.5.13.1 Bioconcrete
5.5.13.2 Microalgae biocement
5.5.13.3 Mycelium materials
5.6 Global market revenues 2018-2035
5.6.1 By market
5.6.2 By region
5.7 Future Market Outlook
6 COMPANY PROFILES 291 (296 COMPANY PROFILES)
7 REFERENCES
2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
2.1 Overview of the global synthetic biology market
2.2 Difference between synthetic biology and genetic engineering
2.3 Market size and growth projections
2.4 Major trends and drivers
2.5 Investments in synthetic biology
2.6 Industrial biotechnology value chain
3 INTRODUCTION
3.1 What is synthetic biology?
3.2 Comparison with conventional processes
3.3 Applications
3.4 Advantages
3.5 Sustainability
3.6 Synthetic Biology for the Circular Economy
4 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS
4.1 Biomanufacturing processes
4.1.1 Batch biomanufacturing
4.1.2 Continuous biomanufacturing
4.1.3 Fermentation Processes
4.1.4 Cell-free synthesis
4.1.5 Biofilm-based production
4.1.6 Microfluidic systems
4.1.7 Photobioreactors
4.1.8 Membrane bioreactors
4.1.9 Plant cell culture
4.1.10 Mammalian cell culture
4.1.11 Bioprinting
4.2 Cell factories for biomanufacturing
4.3 Technology Overview
4.3.1 Metabolic engineering
4.3.2 Gene and DNA synthesis
4.3.3 Gene Synthesis and Assembly
4.3.4 Genome engineering
4.3.4.1 CRISPR
4.3.4.1.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
4.3.4.1.2 TALENs
4.3.4.1.3 ZFNs
4.3.5 Protein/Enzyme Engineering
4.3.6 Synthetic genomics
4.3.6.1 Principles of Synthetic Genomics
4.3.6.2 Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes
4.3.7 Strain construction and optimization
4.3.8 Smart bioprocessing
4.3.9 Chassis organisms
4.3.10 Biomimetics
4.3.11 Sustainable materials
4.3.12 Robotics and automation
4.3.12.1 Robotic cloud laboratories
4.3.12.2 Automating organism design
4.3.12.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
4.3.13 Bioinformatics and computational tools
4.3.13.1 Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology
4.3.13.2 Computational Tools for Design and Analysis
4.3.14 Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets
4.3.15 Biosensors and bioelectronics
4.3.16 Feedstocks
4.3.16.1 C1 feedstocks
4.3.16.1.1 Advantages
4.3.16.1.2 Pathways
4.3.16.1.3 Challenges
4.3.16.1.4 Non-methane C1 feedstocks
4.3.16.1.5 Gas fermentation
4.3.16.2 C2 feedstocks
4.3.16.3 Biological conversion of CO2
4.3.16.4 Food processing wastes
4.3.16.5 Lignocellulosic biomass
4.3.16.6 Syngas
4.3.16.7 Glycerol
4.3.16.8 Methane
4.3.16.9 Municipal solid wastes
4.3.16.10 Plastic wastes
4.3.16.11 Plant oils
4.3.16.12 Starch
4.3.16.13 Sugars
4.3.16.14 Used cooking oils
4.3.16.15 Green hydrogen production
4.3.16.16 Blue hydrogen production
4.3.17 Marine biotechnology
4.3.17.1 Cyanobacteria
4.3.17.2 Macroalgae
4.3.17.3 Companies
5 MARKET ANALYSIS
5.1 Market trends and drivers
5.2 Industry challenges and constraints
5.3 Synthetic biology in the bioeconomy
5.4 SWOT analysis
5.5 Synthetic biology markets
5.5.1 Biofuels
5.5.1.1 Solid Biofuels
5.5.1.2 Liquid Biofuels
5.5.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels
5.5.1.4 Conventional Biofuels
5.5.1.5 Advanced Biofuels
5.5.1.6 Feedstocks
5.5.1.6.1 First-generation (1-G)
5.5.1.6.2 Second-generation (2-G)
5.5.1.6.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
5.5.1.6.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
5.5.1.6.3 Third-generation (3-G)
5.5.1.6.3.1 Algal biofuels
5.5.1.6.3.1.1 Properties
5.5.1.6.3.1.2 Advantages
5.5.1.6.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
5.5.1.6.5 Energy crops
5.5.1.6.6 Agricultural residues
5.5.1.6.7 Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste
5.5.1.6.8 Forestry and wood waste
5.5.1.6.9 Feedstock costs
5.5.1.7 Synthetic biology approaches for biofuel production
5.5.1.8 Bioethanol
5.5.1.8.1 Ethanol to jet fuel technology
5.5.1.8.2 Methanol from pulp & paper production
5.5.1.8.3 Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
5.5.1.8.4 Gasification
5.5.1.8.4.1 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
5.5.1.8.4.2 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
5.5.1.8.5 CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
5.5.1.8.6 Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
5.5.1.8.7 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
5.5.1.8.7.1 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
5.5.1.8.7.2 Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
5.5.1.8.7.3 Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
5.5.1.8.7.4 Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
5.5.1.9 Biodiesel
5.5.1.10 Biogas
5.5.1.10.1 Biomethane
5.5.1.10.2 Feedstocks
5.5.1.10.3 Anaerobic digestion
5.5.1.11 Renewable diesel
5.5.1.12 Biojet fuel
5.5.1.13 Algal biofuels (blue biotech)
5.5.1.13.1 Conversion pathways
5.5.1.13.2 Market challenges
5.5.1.13.3 Prices
5.5.1.13.4 Producers
5.5.1.14 Biohydrogen
5.5.1.14.1 Biological Conversion Routes
5.5.1.14.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
5.5.1.14.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
5.5.1.15 Biobutanol
5.5.1.16 Bio-based methanol
5.5.1.16.1 Anaerobic digestion
5.5.1.16.2 Biomass gasification
5.5.1.16.3 Power to Methane
5.5.1.17 Bioisoprene
5.5.1.18 Fatty Acid Esters
5.5.2 Bio-based chemicals
5.5.2.1 Acetic acid
5.5.2.2 Adipic acid
5.5.2.3 Aldehydes
5.5.2.4 Acrylic acid
5.5.2.5 Bacterial cellulose
5.5.2.6 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
5.5.2.7 Bio-DME
5.5.2.8 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
5.5.2.9 Ethylene
5.5.2.10 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)
5.5.2.11 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
5.5.2.12 Itaconic acid
5.5.2.13 Lactic acid (D-LA)
5.5.2.14 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)
5.5.2.15 Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
5.5.2.16 Malonic acid
5.5.2.17 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
5.5.2.18 Propylene
5.5.2.19 Succinic acid (SA)
5.5.2.20 Triglycerides
5.5.2.21 Enzymes
5.5.2.22 Vitamins
5.5.2.23 Antibiotics
5.5.3 Bioplastics and Biopolymers
5.5.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
5.5.3.2 PHAs
5.5.3.2.1 Types
5.5.3.2.1.1 PHB
5.5.3.2.1.2 PHBV
5.5.3.2.2 Synthesis and production processes
5.5.3.2.3 Commercially available PHAs
5.5.3.3 Bio-PET
5.5.3.4 Starch blends
5.5.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics
5.5.4 Bioremediation
5.5.5 Biocatalysis
5.5.5.1 Biotransformations
5.5.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis
5.5.5.3 Co-factor recycling
5.5.5.4 Immobilization
5.5.6 Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients
5.5.6.1 Alternative Proteins
5.5.6.2 Natural Sweeteners
5.5.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances
5.5.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners
5.5.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements
5.5.7 Sustainable agriculture
5.5.7.1 Crop Improvement and Trait Development
5.5.7.2 Plant-Microbe Interactions and Symbiosis
5.5.7.3 Biofertilizers
5.5.7.3.1 Overview
5.5.7.3.2 Companies
5.5.7.4 Biopesticides
5.5.7.4.1 Overview
5.5.7.4.2 Companies
5.5.7.5 Biostimulants
5.5.7.5.1 Overview
5.5.7.5.2 Companies
5.5.7.6 Crop Biotechnology
5.5.7.6.1 Genetic engineering
5.5.7.6.2 Genome editing
5.5.7.6.3 Companies
5.5.8 Textiles
5.5.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers
5.5.8.1.1 Lyocell
5.5.8.1.2 Bacterial cellulose
5.5.8.1.3 Algae textiles
5.5.8.2 Bio-based leather
5.5.8.2.1 Properties of bio-based leathers
5.5.8.2.1.1 Tear strength
5.5.8.2.1.2 Tensile strength
5.5.8.2.1.3 Bally flexing
5.5.8.2.2 Comparison with conventional leathers
5.5.8.2.3 Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers
5.5.8.3 Plant-based leather
5.5.8.3.1 Overview
5.5.8.3.2 Production processes
5.5.8.3.2.1 Feedstocks
5.5.8.3.2.2 Agriculture Residues
5.5.8.3.2.3 Food Processing Waste
5.5.8.3.2.4 Invasive Plants
5.5.8.3.2.5 Culture-Grown Inputs
5.5.8.3.2.6 Textile-Based
5.5.8.3.2.7 Bio-Composite
5.5.8.3.3 Products
5.5.8.3.4 Market players
5.5.8.4 Mycelium leather
5.5.8.4.1 Overview
5.5.8.4.2 Production process
5.5.8.4.2.1 Growth conditions
5.5.8.4.2.2 Tanning Mycelium Leather
5.5.8.4.2.3 Dyeing Mycelium Leather
5.5.8.4.3 Products
5.5.8.4.4 Market players
5.5.8.5 Microbial leather
5.5.8.5.1 Overview
5.5.8.5.2 Production process
5.5.8.5.3 Fermentation conditions
5.5.8.5.4 Harvesting
5.5.8.5.5 Products
5.5.8.5.6 Market players
5.5.8.6 Lab grown leather
5.5.8.6.1 Overview
5.5.8.6.2 Production process
5.5.8.6.3 Products
5.5.8.6.4 Market players
5.5.8.7 Protein-based leather
5.5.8.7.1 Overview
5.5.8.7.2 Production process
5.5.8.7.3 Commercial activity
5.5.8.8 Recombinant Materials
5.5.8.9 Sustainable Processing
5.5.9 Packaging
5.5.9.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
5.5.9.2 Applications
5.5.9.2.1 Vials, bottles, and containers
5.5.9.2.2 Disposable items and household goods
5.5.9.2.3 Food packaging
5.5.9.2.4 Wet wipes and diapers
5.5.9.3 Proteins
5.5.9.4 Algae-based
5.5.9.5 Mycelium
5.5.9.6 Antimicrobial films and agents
5.5.10 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
5.5.10.1 Drug discovery and development
5.5.10.2 Gene therapy and regenerative medicine
5.5.10.3 Vaccine production
5.5.10.4 Personalized medicine
5.5.10.5 Diagnostic tools and biosensors
5.5.10.6 Companies
5.5.11 Cosmetics
5.5.12 Surfactants and detergents
5.5.13 Construction materials
5.5.13.1 Bioconcrete
5.5.13.2 Microalgae biocement
5.5.13.3 Mycelium materials
5.6 Global market revenues 2018-2035
5.6.1 By market
5.6.2 By region
5.7 Future Market Outlook
6 COMPANY PROFILES 291 (296 COMPANY PROFILES)
7 REFERENCES
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Comparison of synthetic biology and genetic engineering.
Table 2. Major trends and drivers in synthetic biology.
Table 3. Investments in synthetic biology.
Table 4. Differences between synthetic biology and conventional processes.
Table 5. Main application areas for synthetic biology.
Table 6. Advantages of synthetic biology.
Table 7. Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology.
Table 8. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing.
Table 9. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
Table 10. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.
Table 11. Synthetic biology fermentation processes.
Table 12. Cell-free versus cell-based systems
Table 13. Comparison of the biomanufacturing processes in synthetic biology.
Table 14. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.
Table 15. Core stages - Design, Build and Test.
Table 16. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization.
Table 17. Key applications of metabolic engineering.
Table 18. Main DNA synthesis technologies
Table 19. Main gene assembly methods.
Table 20. Key applications of genome engineering.
Table 21. Engineered proteins in industrial applications.
Table 22.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology.
Table 23. Feedstocks for synthetic biology.
Table 24. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology.
Table 25. C2 Feedstock Products.
Table 26. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 27. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers.
Table 28. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.
Table 29. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL.
Table 30. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass.
Table 31. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
Table 32. Blue biotechnology companies.
Table 33. Market trends and drivers in synthetic biology.
Table 34. Industry challenges and restraints in synthetic biology.
Table 35. Key markets and applications for synthetic biology.
Table 36. Comparison of biofuels.
Table 37. Categories and examples of solid biofuel.
Table 38. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity.
Table 39. Classification of biomass feedstock.
Table 40. Biorefinery feedstocks.
Table 41. Feedstock conversion pathways.
Table 42. First-Generation Feedstocks.
Table 43. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.
Table 44. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.
Table 45. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 46. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.
Table 47. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.
Table 48. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.
Table 49. ?Processes in bioethanol production.
Table 50. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic.
Table 51. Biodiesel by generation.
Table 52. Biodiesel production techniques.
Table 53. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.
Table 54. Biogas feedstocks.
Table 55. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.
Table 56. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.
Table 57. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities.
Table 58. Algae-derived biofuel producers.
Table 59. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.
Table 60. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.
Table 61. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.
Table 62. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.
Table 63. Biobased chemicals that can be produced using synthetic biology approaches.
Table 64. Applications of bio-based caprolactam.
Table 65. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.
Table 66. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).
Table 67. Applications of bio-based ethylene.
Table 68. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP.
Table 69. Applications of 3-HP.
Table 70. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).
Table 71. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.
Table 72. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.
Table 73. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5).
Table 74. Applications of DN5.
Table 75. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Table 76. Markets and applications for malonic acid.
Table 77. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG.
Table 78. Applications of bio-based MEG.
Table 79. Applications of bio-based propylene.
Table 80. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.
Table 81. Applications of succinic acid.
Table 82. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes .
Table 83. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Table 84. PLA producers and production capacities.
Table 85.Types of PHAs and properties.
Table 86. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.
Table 87. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.
Table 88. Commercially available PHAs.
Table 89. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
Table 90. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation.
Table 91. Companies developing fermentation-derived food.
Table 92. Biofertilizer companies.
Table 93. Biopesticides companies.
Table 94. Biostimulants companies.
Table 95. Crop biotechnology companies.
Table 96. Types of sustainable alternative leathers.
Table 97. Properties of bio-based leathers.
Table 98. Comparison with conventional leathers.
Table 99. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products.
Table 100. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers.
Table 101. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials.
Table 102. Current and emerging plant-based leather products.
Table 103. Companies developing plant-based leather products.
Table 104. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
Table 105. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products.
Table 106. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative.
Table 107. Companies developing microbial leather products.
Table 108. Companies developing plant-based leather products.
Table 109. Types of protein-based leather alternatives.
Table 110. Companies developing protein based leather.
Table 111. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.
Table 112. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
Table 113. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
Table 114. Pharmaceutical applications of synthetic biology.
Table 115. companies involved in synthetic biology for gene therapy and regenerative medicine
Table 116. Companies involved in synthetic biology for vaccine production.
Table 117. Companies involved in synthetic biology for personalized medicine.
Table 118. Synthetic biology companies in healthcare and pharmaceuticals.
Table 119. Applications of biotechnology in the cosmetics industry.
Table 120. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents.
Table 121. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Table 122. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Table 1. Comparison of synthetic biology and genetic engineering.
Table 2. Major trends and drivers in synthetic biology.
Table 3. Investments in synthetic biology.
Table 4. Differences between synthetic biology and conventional processes.
Table 5. Main application areas for synthetic biology.
Table 6. Advantages of synthetic biology.
Table 7. Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology.
Table 8. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing.
Table 9. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
Table 10. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.
Table 11. Synthetic biology fermentation processes.
Table 12. Cell-free versus cell-based systems
Table 13. Comparison of the biomanufacturing processes in synthetic biology.
Table 14. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.
Table 15. Core stages - Design, Build and Test.
Table 16. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization.
Table 17. Key applications of metabolic engineering.
Table 18. Main DNA synthesis technologies
Table 19. Main gene assembly methods.
Table 20. Key applications of genome engineering.
Table 21. Engineered proteins in industrial applications.
Table 22.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology.
Table 23. Feedstocks for synthetic biology.
Table 24. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology.
Table 25. C2 Feedstock Products.
Table 26. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Table 27. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers.
Table 28. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.
Table 29. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL.
Table 30. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass.
Table 31. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
Table 32. Blue biotechnology companies.
Table 33. Market trends and drivers in synthetic biology.
Table 34. Industry challenges and restraints in synthetic biology.
Table 35. Key markets and applications for synthetic biology.
Table 36. Comparison of biofuels.
Table 37. Categories and examples of solid biofuel.
Table 38. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity.
Table 39. Classification of biomass feedstock.
Table 40. Biorefinery feedstocks.
Table 41. Feedstock conversion pathways.
Table 42. First-Generation Feedstocks.
Table 43. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.
Table 44. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.
Table 45. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
Table 46. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.
Table 47. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.
Table 48. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.
Table 49. ?Processes in bioethanol production.
Table 50. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic.
Table 51. Biodiesel by generation.
Table 52. Biodiesel production techniques.
Table 53. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.
Table 54. Biogas feedstocks.
Table 55. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.
Table 56. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.
Table 57. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities.
Table 58. Algae-derived biofuel producers.
Table 59. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.
Table 60. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.
Table 61. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.
Table 62. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.
Table 63. Biobased chemicals that can be produced using synthetic biology approaches.
Table 64. Applications of bio-based caprolactam.
Table 65. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.
Table 66. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).
Table 67. Applications of bio-based ethylene.
Table 68. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP.
Table 69. Applications of 3-HP.
Table 70. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).
Table 71. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.
Table 72. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.
Table 73. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5).
Table 74. Applications of DN5.
Table 75. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF).
Table 76. Markets and applications for malonic acid.
Table 77. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG.
Table 78. Applications of bio-based MEG.
Table 79. Applications of bio-based propylene.
Table 80. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.
Table 81. Applications of succinic acid.
Table 82. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes .
Table 83. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
Table 84. PLA producers and production capacities.
Table 85.Types of PHAs and properties.
Table 86. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.
Table 87. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.
Table 88. Commercially available PHAs.
Table 89. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
Table 90. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation.
Table 91. Companies developing fermentation-derived food.
Table 92. Biofertilizer companies.
Table 93. Biopesticides companies.
Table 94. Biostimulants companies.
Table 95. Crop biotechnology companies.
Table 96. Types of sustainable alternative leathers.
Table 97. Properties of bio-based leathers.
Table 98. Comparison with conventional leathers.
Table 99. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products.
Table 100. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers.
Table 101. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials.
Table 102. Current and emerging plant-based leather products.
Table 103. Companies developing plant-based leather products.
Table 104. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
Table 105. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products.
Table 106. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative.
Table 107. Companies developing microbial leather products.
Table 108. Companies developing plant-based leather products.
Table 109. Types of protein-based leather alternatives.
Table 110. Companies developing protein based leather.
Table 111. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.
Table 112. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
Table 113. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
Table 114. Pharmaceutical applications of synthetic biology.
Table 115. companies involved in synthetic biology for gene therapy and regenerative medicine
Table 116. Companies involved in synthetic biology for vaccine production.
Table 117. Companies involved in synthetic biology for personalized medicine.
Table 118. Synthetic biology companies in healthcare and pharmaceuticals.
Table 119. Applications of biotechnology in the cosmetics industry.
Table 120. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents.
Table 121. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Table 122. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Industrial biotechnology value chain.
Figure 2. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.
Figure 3. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.
Figure 4. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering.
Figure 5. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.
Figure 6. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.
Figure 7. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.
Figure 8. Overview of biogas utilization.
Figure 9. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 10. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
Figure 11. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.
Figure 12. SWOT analysis: synthetic biology.
Figure 13. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.
Figure 14. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type.
Figure 15. Overview of biogas utilization.
Figure 16. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 17. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
Figure 18. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.
Figure 19. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.
Figure 20. Biobutanol production route.
Figure 21. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.
Figure 22. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.
Figure 23. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.
Figure 24. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.
Figure 25. Overview of Toray process.
Figure 26. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
Figure 27. PHA family.
Figure 28. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.
Figure 29. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials.
Figure 30. Herm?s bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather.
Figure 31. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose.
Figure 32. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis.
Figure 33. Paper cups lined with home-compostable PHA.
Figure 34. Amorphous PHA Cosmetics Jar.
Figure 35. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application.
Figure 36. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.
Figure 37. BioMason cement.
Figure 38. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.
Figure 39. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.
Figure 40. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.
Figure 41. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Figure 42. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Figure 43. Algiknit yarn.
Figure 44. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.
Figure 45. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.
Figure 46. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.
Figure 47. Domsjц process.
Figure 48. Mushroom leather.
Figure 49. PHA production process.
Figure 50. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants.
Figure 51. Lignin gel.
Figure 52. BioFlex process.
Figure 53. TransLeather.
Figure 54. Reishi.
Figure 55. Compostable water pod.
Figure 56. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.
Figure 57. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.
Figure 58. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.
Figure 59. Lyocell process.
Figure 60. Spider silk production.
Figure 61. Corbion FDCA production process.
Figure 62. UPM biorefinery process.
Figure 63. The Proesa® Process.
Figure 1. Industrial biotechnology value chain.
Figure 2. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.
Figure 3. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.
Figure 4. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering.
Figure 5. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.
Figure 6. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.
Figure 7. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.
Figure 8. Overview of biogas utilization.
Figure 9. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 10. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
Figure 11. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.
Figure 12. SWOT analysis: synthetic biology.
Figure 13. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.
Figure 14. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type.
Figure 15. Overview of biogas utilization.
Figure 16. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
Figure 17. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
Figure 18. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.
Figure 19. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.
Figure 20. Biobutanol production route.
Figure 21. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.
Figure 22. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.
Figure 23. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.
Figure 24. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.
Figure 25. Overview of Toray process.
Figure 26. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
Figure 27. PHA family.
Figure 28. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.
Figure 29. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials.
Figure 30. Herm?s bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather.
Figure 31. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose.
Figure 32. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis.
Figure 33. Paper cups lined with home-compostable PHA.
Figure 34. Amorphous PHA Cosmetics Jar.
Figure 35. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application.
Figure 36. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.
Figure 37. BioMason cement.
Figure 38. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.
Figure 39. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.
Figure 40. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.
Figure 41. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Figure 42. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2018-2035 (Billion USD).
Figure 43. Algiknit yarn.
Figure 44. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.
Figure 45. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.
Figure 46. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.
Figure 47. Domsjц process.
Figure 48. Mushroom leather.
Figure 49. PHA production process.
Figure 50. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants.
Figure 51. Lignin gel.
Figure 52. BioFlex process.
Figure 53. TransLeather.
Figure 54. Reishi.
Figure 55. Compostable water pod.
Figure 56. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.
Figure 57. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.
Figure 58. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.
Figure 59. Lyocell process.
Figure 60. Spider silk production.
Figure 61. Corbion FDCA production process.
Figure 62. UPM biorefinery process.
Figure 63. The Proesa® Process.
