The Global Market for Nanocellulose 2023-2033 (Cellulose Nanofibers, Cellulose Nanocrystals and Bacterial Nanocellulose)

February 2023 | 450 pages | ID: G7A954C4384CEN
Future Markets, Inc.

Abstracts

The global nanocellulose (NC) market has accelerated over the last few years as producers in Japan and to a lesser extent North America and Europe bring products to market. The development of these remarkable materials has compelled major paper and pulp producers to gravitate their traditional business towards advanced biorefineries, which have met with initial success and resulted in production capacity increases.

Three types of NC are commercially available: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC). In addition to being produced in different ways, these three types also vary in their physico-chemical properties, from size to crystallinity. Most commercially produced NC is CNF, which is produced on a large scale in Japan.

NC materials are abundant, renewable and inexpensive but are extremely strong, durable, and lightweight, non-toxic and are lower cost than other advanced materials and nanomaterials. Used as a materials additive and in composites, nanocellulose will help to drive the global move away from oil-based plastics and products to sustainable, bio-based alternatives.

Nanocellulose (NC) can be derived from a multitude of abundant cellulosic biomass sources such as wood pulp, agricultural crops, organic waste, as well as from bacteria. Properties including high tensile strength, biocompatibility, and high aspect ratio make it attractive to a wide range of markets, from medical to construction to aerospace. As nanocellulose originates from renewable matter, its potential to replace petroleum-derived materials in films, coatings, composites, and packaging are particularly interesting in the wake of current political and societal movements towards reduction of plastic consumption. Most of the NC being developed for commercial purposes is in the form of CNF. Currently, many NC-based applications are at an early stages, with some applications already commercially available, mainly in Japan.

The Global Market for Nanocellulose to 2033 is the most comprehensive and up-to date report on nanocellulose currently available. Profiling over 160 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by nanocellulose. A must-have for anyone interested in the business and investment opportunities in nanocellulose, The Global Market for Nanocellulose to 2033 contains:

• Tabular data on current nanocellulose products.
• Market assessment by nanocellulose type: cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC).
• Assessment of nanocellulose by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for use of nanocellulose, technology drawbacks, competing materials, estimated consumption of nanocellulose to 2033 and main OEMs in each market with potential interest in nanocellulose for product integration.
• Graphical depictions of nanocellulose applications by market.
• In depth-assessment of nanocellulose producer and distributor pricing in 2023.
• Global market for nanocellulose in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2033.
• In-depth profiles of nanocellulose producers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Granbio, Asahi Kasei, Cellucomp, Chuetsu Pulp & Paper, Daio Paper, DKS, Fiberlean, Fuji Pigment Co., Ltd. Innventia AB, KRI, Inc., Melodea, Nippon Paper, Oji and many more.
• 112 cellulose nanofiber company profiles
• 21 cellulose nanocrystal company profiles
• 20 bacterial nanocellulose company profiles
• Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.

Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 The market for nanocellulose
1.2 Nanocellulose industry developments 2020-22
1.3 Market outlook in 2022 and beyond
1.4 Global production of nanocellulose
  1.4.1 Global nanocellulose production capacities 2021, by type
  1.4.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) production capacities 2022, in metric tons by producer
  1.4.3 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) production capacities 2022
  1.4.4 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) production capacities 2022
1.5 Market challenges for nanocellulose
1.6 Nanocellulose commercial products
1.7 Nanocellulose market by region
  1.7.1 Japan
  1.7.2 China
  1.7.3 Malaysia
  1.7.4 Western Europe
  1.7.5 North America
1.8 Global government funding

2 OVERVIEW OF NANOCELLULOSE

2.1 Cellulose
2.2 Nanocellulose
2.3 Properties of nanocellulose
2.4 Feedstocks
2.5 Advantages of nanocellulose
2.6 Synthesis and Production methods
  2.6.1 Acid hydrolysis
  2.6.2 TEMPO oxidation
  2.6.3 Ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation
  2.6.4 Ball milling
  2.6.5 Cryocrushing
  2.6.6 High-shear grinding
  2.6.7 Green production methods
    2.6.7.1 Ultrasonication
    2.6.7.2 High-pressure homogenization
  2.6.8 Recent methods
    2.6.8.1 Microwave irradiation
    2.6.8.2 Enzymatic processing
    2.6.8.3 Deep eutectic solvents (DESs)
    2.6.8.4 Pulsed electric field
    2.6.8.5 Electron beam irradiation
2.7 Types of nanocellulose
  2.7.1 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
  2.7.2 Cellulose nanofibers (CNF)
    2.7.2.1 Applications
  2.7.3 Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC)
    2.7.3.1 Synthesis
    2.7.3.2 Properties
    2.7.3.3 Production
    2.7.3.4 Applications
  2.7.4 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
    2.7.4.1 Production
    2.7.4.2 Applications

3 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES IN NANOCELLULOSE

4 REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS

4.1 Standards
  4.1.1 International Standards Organization (ISO)
  4.1.2 American National Standards
  4.1.3 CSA Group
4.2 Toxicity
4.3 Regulation

5 NANOCELLULOSE SUPPLY CHAIN

6 NANOCELLULOSE PRICING

6.1 Cellulose nanofiber (CNF)
6.2 Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)
6.3 Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)

7 MARKETS FOR NANOCELLULOSE

7.1 Composites
  7.1.1 Market overview
  7.1.2 Applications
    7.1.2.1 Automotive composites
    7.1.2.2 Biocomposite films & packaging
    7.1.2.3 Barrier packaging
    7.1.2.4 Thermal insulation composites
    7.1.2.5 Construction composites
  7.1.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.1.4 Product developers
7.2 Automotive
  7.2.1 Market overview
  7.2.2 Applications
    7.2.2.1 Composites
    7.2.2.2 Air intake components
    7.2.2.3 Tires
  7.2.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.2.4 Product developers
7.3 Buildings and construction
  7.3.1 Market overview
  7.3.2 Applications
    7.3.2.1 Sandwich composites
    7.3.2.2 Cement additives
    7.3.2.3 Pump primers
    7.3.2.4 Thermal insulation and damping
  7.3.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.3.4 Product developers
7.4 Paper and board packaging
  7.4.1 Market overview
  7.4.2 Applications
    7.4.2.1 Reinforcement and barrier
    7.4.2.2 Biodegradable food packaging foil and films
    7.4.2.3 Paperboard coatings
  7.4.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.4.4 Product developers
7.5 Textiles and apparel
  7.5.1 Market overview
  7.5.2 Applications
    7.5.2.1 CNF deodorizer and odour reducer (antimicrobial) in adult and child diapers
    7.5.2.2 Footwear
  7.5.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.5.4 Product developer profiles
7.6 Biomedicine and healthcare
  7.6.1 Market overview
  7.6.2 Applications
    7.6.2.1 Wound dressings
    7.6.2.2 Drug delivery stabilizers
    7.6.2.3 Tissue engineering scaffolds
  7.6.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.6.4 Product developers
7.7 Hygiene and sanitary products
  7.7.1 Market overview
  7.7.2 Applications
  7.7.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.7.4 Product developers
7.8 Paints and coatings
  7.8.1 Market overview
  7.8.2 Applications
  7.8.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.8.4 Product developers
7.9 Aerogels
  7.9.1 Market overview
  7.9.2 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.9.3 Product developers
7.10 Oil and gas
  7.10.1 Market overview
  7.10.2 Applications
    7.10.2.1 Oil recovery applications (fracturing fluid)
    7.10.2.2 CNF Membranes for separation
    7.10.2.3 Oil and gas fluids additives
  7.10.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.10.4 Product developers
7.11 Filtration
  7.11.1 Market overview
  7.11.2 Applications
    7.11.2.1 Membranes for selective absorption
  7.11.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.11.4 Product developers
7.12 Rheology modifiers
  7.12.1 Market overview
  7.12.2 Applications
    7.12.2.1 Food additives
    7.12.2.2 Pickering stabilizers
    7.12.2.3 Hydrogels
    7.12.2.4 Cosmetics and skincare
  7.12.3 Global market in tons to 2033
  7.12.4 Product developers
7.13 Other markets
  7.13.1 Printed, stretchable and flexible electronics
    7.13.1.1 Market assessment
    7.13.1.2 Product developers
  7.13.2 3D printing
    7.13.2.1 Market assessment
    7.13.2.2 Product developers
  7.13.3 Aerospace
    7.13.3.1 Market assessment
    7.13.3.2 Product developers
  7.13.4 Batteries
    7.13.4.1 Market assessment

8 CELLULOSE NANOFIBER COMPANY PROFILES 226 (122 COMPANY PROFILES)

9 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) PRODUCER ANALYSIS

10 CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTAL (CNC) COMPANY PROFILES 388 (21 COMPANY PROFILES)

11 BACTERIAL NANOCELLULOSE (BNC) COMPANY PROFILES 418 (20 COMPANY PROFILES)

12 RESEARCH SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

12.1 Report scope
12.2 Research methodology

13 REFERENCES

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Market summary for nanocellulose-Selling grade particle diameter, usage, advantages, average price/ton, market estimates, global consumption, main current applications, future applications.
Table 2. Markets and applications for nanocellulose.
Table 3. The nanocellulose market 2020-2022-industry product and production activity.
Table 4. Classification of nanocellulose applications by type of industrial product ranged in terms of their potential of consumption.
Table 5. CNF production capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tons.
Table 6. MFC production capacities in metric tons and production process, by producer, metric tons.
Table 7. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC by market in metric tons, 2018-2033.
Table 8: Cellulose nanocrystal capacities (by type, wet or dry) and production process, by producer, metric tons.
Table 9. Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2033 (metric tons).
Table 10. Market and technical challenges in nanocellulose.
Table 11. Nanocellulose -based commercial products.
Table 12. Regional demand for nanocellulose, 2021, tons (total excludes MFC).
Table 13. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in Japan.
Table 14. Nanocellulose research centres, universities and companies in China.
Table 15. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in Europe.
Table 16. Nanocellulose producers and product developers in North America.
Table 17. Properties and applications of nanocellulose.
Table 18. Properties of nanocellulose, by type.
Table 19. Chemical composition of different lignocellulosic feedstocks used for nanocellulose production (% dry basis).
Table 20. Properties of cellulose nanofibrils relative to metallic and polymeric materials.
Table 21. Extraction of nanocellulose (NC) from various lignocellulosic sources using different conventional technologies.
Table 22. Types of nanocellulose.
Table 23. Types of nanocellulose.
Table 24. Applications of cellulose nanofibers (CNF).
Table 25. Synthesis methods for cellulose nanocrystals (CNC).
Table 26. CNC sources, size and yield.
Table 27. CNC properties.
Table 28. Mechanical properties of CNC and other reinforcement materials.
Table 29. Applications of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC).
Table 30. Applications of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC).
Table 31. Market opportunity assessment for nanocellulose, by application.
Table 32. Safety of Micro/Nanofibrillated cellulose.
Table 33. Global nanocellulose market supply chain analysis.
Table 34: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanofiber producers.
Table 35: Product/price/application matrix of cellulose nanocrystal producers.
Table 36: Product/price/application matrix of bacterial nanocellulose producers.
Table 37. Market overview for nanocellulose in composites.
Table 38. Comparative properties of polymer composites reinforcing materials.
Table 39. Scorecard for nanocellulose in composites.
Table 40. Market assessment for nanocellulose in composites-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global composites OEMs.
Table 41. Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2033 (metric tons).
Table 42. Companies developing nanocellulose in composites.
Table 43. Market overview for nanocellulose in automotive.
Table 44. Scorecard for nanocellulose in automotive.
Table 45. Market assessment for nanocellulose in automotive-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global automotive OEMs.
Table 46. Components featured in the NCV.
Table 47. Global market demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector 2018-2033 (metric tons).
Table 48. Companies developing nanocellulose products in the automotive industry.
Table 49. Market overview for nanocellulose in building and construction.
Table 50. Scorecard for nanocellulose in building and construction.
Table 51. Comparison of CNC with steel and other materials.
Table 52. Market assessment for nanocellulose in building and construction-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global construction OEMs
Table 53: Market demand for nanocellulose in building and construction, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 54. Companies developing nanocellulose in building and construction.
Table 55. Oxygen permeability of nanocellulose films compared to those made form commercially available petroleum-based materials and other polymers.
Table 56. Scorecard for nanocellulose in paper and board packaging.
Table 57. Market assessment for nanocellulose in paper and board packaging-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paper and board packaging OEMs.
Table 58. Global demand for nanocellulose in paper & board packaging, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 59. Companies developing nanocellulose products in paper and board.
Table 60. Market overview for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel.
Table 61. Scorecard for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel.
Table 62. Market assessment for nanocellulose in textiles and apparel-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global textiles and apparel OEMs.
Table 63. Demand for nanocellulose in textiles, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 64. Companies developing nanocellulose products in textiles and apparel.
Table 65. Market overview for cellulose nanofibers in medicine and healthcare.
Table 66. Scorecard for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare.
Table 67. Market assessment for nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global medicine and healthcare OEMs.
Table 68. Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 69. Nanocellulose product developers in medicine and healthcare.
Table 70. Market overview for nanocellulose in the hygiene and sanitary products market.
Table 71. Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 72. Nanocellulose product developers in hygiene and sanitary products.
Table 73. Market overview for nanocellulose in paints and coatings.
Table 74. Scorecard for nanocellulose in paints and coatings.
Table 75. Market assessment for nanocellulose in paints and coatings-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global paints and coatings OEMs.
Table 76. Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 77. Companies developing nanocellulose products in paints and coatings, applications targeted and stage of commercialization.
Table 78. Market overview for nanocellulose in aerogels.
Table 79. Scorecard for cellulose nanofibers in aerogels.
Table 80. Market assessment for nanocellulose in aerogels-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global aerogels OEMs.
Table 81. Global demand for nanocellulose in aerogels, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 82. Nanocellulose in product developers in aerogels.
Table 83. Market overview for nanocellulose in in oil and gas.
Table 84. Scorecard for nanocellulose in in oil and gas.
Table 85. Market assessment for nanocellulose in in oil and gas-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global oil and gas OEMs.
Table 86. Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 87. Nanocellulose product developers in oil and gas exploration.
Table 88. CNF membranes.
Table 89. Market overview for nanocellulose in filtration.
Table 90. Scorecard for nanocellulose in filtration.
Table 91. Market assessment for nanocellulose in filtration-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global filtration OEMs.
Table 92: Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 93. Companies developing nanocellulose products in filtration.
Table 94. Market overview for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers.
Table 95. Scorecard for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers.
Table 96. Market assessment for nanocellulose in rheology modifiers-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global rheology modifier OEMs.
Table 97. Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2033 (tons).
Table 98. Commercial activity in nanocellulose rheology modifiers.
Table 99. Properties of flexible electronics?cellulose nanofiber film (nanopaper).
Table 100. Market assessment for nanocellulose in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global printed, flexible and stretchable electronics OEMs.
Table 101. Companies developing nanocellulose products in printed, stretchable and flexible electronics.
Table 102. Market assessment for nanocellulose in 3D priniting-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading, main global 3D printing OEMs.
Table 103. Companies developing nanocellulose printing products.
Table 104. Market assessment for nanocellulose in aerospace-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks, competing materials, material loading.
Table 105: Companies developing nanocellulose products in aircraft and aerospace.
Table 106. Market assessment for nanocellulose in Batteries-application, key benefits and motivation for use, megatrends, market drivers, technology drawbacks.
Table 107: Granbio Nanocellulose Processes.
Table 108. Nippon Paper commercial CNF products.
Table 109. Oji Holdings CNF products.
Table 110: CNC producers and production capacities.
Table 111. Target market, by cellulose nanocrystal producer.
Table 112. Fibnano properties.

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. CNF nameplate.
Figure 2. Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2021, metric tons.
Figure 3. Market segmentation by type of nanocellulose, capacities and demand 2021, metric tons.
Figure 4. Global demand for cellulose nanofibers/MFC in metric tons by market, 2018-2033.
Figure 5. Global demand for cellulose nanocrystals by market, 2018-2033 (metric tons).
Figure 6. Aruba 23.
Figure 7. Dorayaki.
Figure 8. ENASAVE NEXT.
Figure 9. Flat4-KAEDE.
Figure 10. GEL-KAYANO.
Figure 11. Hada care acty.
Figure 12. Hiteeth All in One Mouth Gel.
Figure 13. HYPERNANO X series.
Figure 14. Kirekira! toilet wipes.
Figure 15. ONKYO Scepter SC-3(B) 2-way Speaker System.
Figure 16. Pioneer SE-MONITOR5 Headphones.
Figure 17. 'Poise' series Super strong deodorant sheet.
Figure 18. RUBURI Precursor Lubris for raw concrete pumping.
Figure 19. SC-3 (B) speakers.
Figure 20. SE-MONITOR5 headphones.
Figure 21. 'Skin Care Acty' series Adult diapers.
Figure 22. 'SURISURI' Lotion.
Figure 23. X9400 series.
Figure 24. X Premium Sound Speaker Alps Alpine.
Figure 25. Regional demand for nanocellulose, 2021.
Figure 26. Schematic diagram of partial molecular structure of cellulose chain with numbering for carbon atoms and n= number of cellobiose repeating unit.
Figure 27. Scale of cellulose materials.
Figure 28. Nanocellulose preparation methods and resulting materials.
Figure 29. Production of nanocellulose from lignocellulosic biomass using enzymatic treatment (endoglucanases and xylanases) followed by mechanical treatment.
Figure 30. EBI pretreatment combined with HPH for CNC production.
Figure 31. Types of nanocellulose.
Figure 32. Relationship between different kinds of nanocelluloses.
Figure 33. Various preparation methods for nanocellulose.
Figure 34. CNF gel.
Figure 35. TEM image of cellulose nanocrystals.
Figure 36. CNC preparation.
Figure 37. Extracting CNC from trees.
Figure 38. CNC slurry.
Figure 39. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
Figure 40. Applications of nanocellulose in composites.
Figure 41. Global market demand for nanocellulose in composites, 2018-2033 (metric tons).
Figure 42. CNF mixed PLA (Poly Lactic Acid).
Figure 43. CNF resin products.
Figure 44. Interior of NCV concept car.
Figure 45. Applications of nanocellulose in automotive.
Figure 46. Interior of the NCV prototype.
Figure 47. Global demand for nanocellulose in the automotive sector, 2018-2033 (metric tons).
Figure 48: Daio Paper's cellulose nanofiber material in doors and hood of race car.
Figure 49: CNF composite.
Figure 50: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.
Figure 51. CNF car engine cover developed in Japan Ministry of the Environment’s (MOE) Nano Cellulose Vehicle (NCV) Project.
Figure 52. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.
Figure 53. Applications of nanocellulose in building and construction.
Figure 54. Demand for nanocellulose in construction, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 55. Applications of nanocellulose in paper and board packaging.
Figure 56. Global demand for nanocellulose in the paper & board/packaging, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 57. Applications of nanocellulose in textiles and apparel.
Figure 58. Asics GEL-KAYANO 25 running shoe.
Figure 59. Demand for nanocellulose in the textiles, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 60. CNF deodorant products.
Figure 61. Applications of nanocellulose in medicine and healthcare.
Figure 62. Global demand for nanocellulose in medical and healthcare, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 63. Fibnano.
Figure 64. Global demand for nanocellulose in hygiene and absorbents, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 65. Applications of nanocellulose in paints and coatings.
Figure 66. Global demand for nanocellulose in paint and coatings, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 67. Hefcel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.
Figure 68: Global demand for nanocellulose in in aerogels, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 69. Global demand for nanocellulose in the oil and gas market, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 70. Nanocellulose sponge developed by EMPA for potential applications in oil recovery.
Figure 71. Applications of nanocellulose in filtration.
Figure 72. Global demand for nanocellulose in the filtration market, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 73. Multi-layered cross section of CNF-nw.
Figure 74. Applications of nanocellulose in rheology modifiers.
Figure 75. Global demand for nanocellulose in the rheology modifiers market, 2018-2033 (tons).
Figure 76. 'SURISURI' products.
Figure 77. Foldable nanopaper antenna.
Figure 78: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.
Figure 79. Oji CNF transparent sheets.
Figure 80. Electronic components using NFC as insulating materials.
Figure 81: Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.
Figure 82. MEDICELLU.
Figure 83: Ashai Kasei CNF production process.
Figure 84: Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.
Figure 85: Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.
Figure 86. CNF nonwoven fabric.
Figure 87. Borregaard Chemcell CNF production process.
Figure 88. Celfion membrane.
Figure 89. nanoforest products.
Figure 90. Chuetsu Pulp & Paper CNF production process.
Figure 91. nanoforest-S.
Figure 92. nanoforest-PDP.
Figure 93. nanoforest-MB.
Figure 94. Daicel Corporation CNF production process.
Figure 95. Celish.
Figure 96: Trunk lid incorporating CNF.
Figure 97. Daio Paper CNF production process.
Figure 98. ELLEX products.
Figure 99. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.
Figure 100. Kirekira! toilet wipes.
Figure 101. Color CNF.
Figure 102. DIC Products CNF production process.
Figure 103. DKS Co. Ltd. CNF production process.
Figure 104: Rheocrysta spray.
Figure 105. DKS CNF products.
Figure 106: CNF based on citrus peel.
Figure 107. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.
Figure 108. Imerys CNF production process.
Figure 109. Filler Bank CNC products.
Figure 110: Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).
Figure 111: CNF products from Furukawa Electric.
Figure 112. Granbio CNF production process.
Figure 113: Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.
Figure 114. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion 'Senaf' (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).
Figure 115: CNF gel.
Figure 116: Block nanocellulose material.
Figure 117: CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.
Figure 118. Kami Shoji CNF products.
Figure 119. Dual Graft System.
Figure 120: Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.
Figure 121. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).
Figure 122: 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).
Figure 123. Kruger Biomaterials, Inc. CNF production process.
Figure 124. CNF deodorant.
Figure 125. Chitin nanofiber product.
Figure 126. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.
Figure 127. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.
Figure 128. Cellulomix production process.
Figure 129. Nanobase versus conventional products.
Figure 130. Uni-ball Signo UMN-307.
Figure 131: CNF slurries.
Figure 132. Range of CNF products.
Figure 133: Nanocell serum product.
Figure 134. Vatensel product
Figure 135: Hydrophobization facilities for raw pulp.
Figure 136: Mixing facilities for CNF-reinforced plastic.
Figure 137. Nippon Paper CNF production process.
Figure 138: Nippon Paper Industries’ adult diapers.
Figure 139. All-resin forceps incorporating CNF.
Figure 140. CNF paint product.
Figure 141. CNF wet powder.
Figure 142. CNF transparent film.
Figure 143. Transparent CNF sheets.
Figure 144. Oji Paper CNF production process.
Figure 145. CNF clear sheets.
Figure 146. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.
Figure 147. Fluorene cellulose powder.
Figure 148. A vacuum cleaner part made of cellulose fiber (left) and the assembled vacuum cleaner.
Figure 149. Performance Biofilaments CNF production process.
Figure 150. XCNF.
Figure 151. Innventia CNF production process.
Figure 152: Innventia AB movable nanocellulose demo plant.
Figure 153. CNF insulation flat plates.
Figure 154. Seiko PMC CNF production process.
Figure 155. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.
Figure 156. Rubber soles incorporating CNF.
Figure 157. CNF dispersion and powder from Starlite.
Figure 158. Stora Enso CNF production process.
Figure 159. Sugino Machine CNF production process.
Figure 160. High Pressure Water Jet Process.
Figure 161. 2 wt.? CNF suspension.
Figure 162. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.
Figure 163. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.
Figure 164. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.
Figure 165. SVILOSA AD CNC products.
Figure 166. Silver / CNF composite dispersions.
Figure 167. CNF/nanosilver powder.
Figure 168: Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.
Figure 169: CNF resin products.
Figure 170. University of Maine CNF production process.
Figure 171. UPM-Kymmene CNF production process.
Figure 172. FibDex wound dressing.
Figure 173. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process.
Figure 174: Flexible electronic substrate made from CNF.
Figure 175. VTT 100% bio-based stand-up pouches.
Figure 176. VTT CNF production process.
Figure 177: HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.
Figure 178: Bio-based barrier bags prepared from Tempo-CNF coated bio-HDPE film.
Figure 179. S-CNF in powder form.
Figure 180. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.
Figure 181. R3TM process technology.
Figure 182. Blue Goose CNC Production Process.
Figure 183: Celluforce production process.
Figure 184: NCCTM Process.
Figure 185: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:
Figure 186. Filler Bank CNC products.
Figure 187. Melodea CNC barrier coating packaging.
Figure 188. Plantrose process.
Figure 189. CNC solution.
Figure 190. University of Maine CNF production process.
Figure 191. US Forest Service Products Laboratory CNF production process.
Figure 192. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.
Figure 193. Cellugy materials.
Figure 194: Bacterial cellulose face mask sheet.
Figure 195. TransLeather.