The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials to 2033
The market for graphene has grown hugely in the past decade, with numerous products now on the market and more to come as graphene producers record steadily increasing revenues and OEMs witnessing significant returns in clothing, sportswear, footwear, tires, batteries etc. The market for graphene in batteries is witnessing large-scale investments.
Graphene is attracting increasing attention from investors, researchers and industrial players due to exceptional mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Graphene is available in multi-ton quantities from many producers and has been identified by many industry sectors as a key materials that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more.
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials is the most comprehensive and up-to date report on graphene and 2D materials currently available, from the world's leading market authority on graphene and publisher of Graphene Magazine. Profiling over 360 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by graphene and 2D materials.
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials contains:
Graphene is attracting increasing attention from investors, researchers and industrial players due to exceptional mechanical, electronic, and thermal properties. Graphene is available in multi-ton quantities from many producers and has been identified by many industry sectors as a key materials that will drive future product development in flexible electronics, smart textiles, biosensors, drug delivery, water filtration, supercapacitors and more.
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials is the most comprehensive and up-to date report on graphene and 2D materials currently available, from the world's leading market authority on graphene and publisher of Graphene Magazine. Profiling over 360 companies, the report provides key information for investors and executives to enable them to understand and take advantage of the opportunities provided by graphene and 2D materials.
The Global Market for Graphene and 2D Materials contains:
- Assessment of graphene by market including applications, key benefits, market megatrends, market drivers for graphene, technology drawbacks, competing materials, potential consumption of graphene to 2033 and main players.
- Assessment of graphene materials (CVD graphene, graphene nano platelets, graphene oxide, etc), intermediate products (graphene masterbatches, dispersions, etc) and final products with graphene embedded (e.g. headphones, tennis racquets, etc). Tabular data on current graphene products.
- Graphical depictions of graphene applications by market.
- In depth-assessment of graphene producer and distributor pricing in 2023.
- Global market for graphene in tons, by sector, historical and forecast to 2033. Global graphene market size split by market in 2022 and for each application to 2033.
- Full list of technology collaborations, strategic partnerships, and M&As in the global graphene market including collaboration dates.
- Applications roadmap, by market.
- In-depth profiles of more than 350 graphene and 2D materials producers and application/product developers including products, production capacities, manufacturing methods, collaborations, licensing, customers and target markets. Companies profiled include Anaphite Limited, CamGraPhic, Directa Plus, First Graphene, Global Graphene Group, Graphjet Technology Sdn. Bhd., Grapheal, Graphex Group Ltd, Haydale Graphene, Graphmatech, Huvis, Lyten, NanoXplore, Paragraf, SafeLi LLC, Saint Jean Carbon, Versarien andTalga Resources.
- List of ex-graphene producers.
- Detailed forecasts for key growth areas, opportunities and demand.
- Market overview of industry developments in 2020-23.
- Unique market assessment tools to assess the viability of graphene, by market, and application.
- Market assessment of other 2D materials.
- Analysis of 2D materials market including Boron Nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), hexagonal boron-nitride (BNNS), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), Mxenes, Borophene, Phosphorene, Graphitic carbon nitride, Germanene, Graphyne, graphane, Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2), silicene, Stanene/tinene, Tungsten diselenide, Antimonene, diamene and indium selenide.
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Graphene properties
1.2 Commercialization
1.3 The graphene market to date
1.4 The graphene market in 2021
1.5 The graphene market in 2022
1.6 Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2023
1.7 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023
1.8 Publicly listed graphene companies
1.9 Graphene global production capacities, in tons and by type
1.10 Global demand for graphene
1.10.1 Global graphene demand, to 2033, tons
1.10.2 Global graphene demand, by end user market to 2033
1.10.3 Graphene market, by region
1.10.3.1 Asia-Pacific
1.10.3.1.1 China
1.10.3.1.2 Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
1.10.3.2 North America
1.10.3.2.1 Main graphene producers in North America
1.10.3.3 Europe
1.10.3.3.1 Main graphene producers in Europe
1.11 Graphene products
1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements
1.13 Graphene market challenges
2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE
2.1 History
2.2 Properties
2.3 Types of graphene
2.3.1 Graphene materials
2.3.1.1 CVD Graphene
2.3.1.1.1 Applications
2.3.1.2 Graphene nanoplatelets
2.3.1.3 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide
2.3.1.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
2.3.1.4.1 Composition
2.3.1.4.2 Comparison to quantum dots
2.3.1.4.3 Properties
2.3.1.4.4 Synthesis
2.3.1.4.4.1 Top-down method
2.3.1.4.4.2 Bottom-up method
2.3.1.4.4.3 Comparison of synthesis methods
2.3.1.4.5 Applications
2.3.1.4.6 Markets for graphene quantum dots
2.3.1.4.6.1 Electronics and photonics
2.3.1.4.6.2 Energy storage and conversion
2.3.1.4.6.3 Sensors
2.3.1.4.6.4 Biomedicine and life sciences
2.3.1.4.6.5 Anti-counterfeiting
2.3.1.4.7 Challenges
2.3.1.4.8 Current and projected revenues
2.3.1.4.9 Pricing
2.3.1.4.10 Companies 101 (14 company profiles)
2.3.2 Intermediate products
2.3.2.1 Graphene masterbatches
2.3.2.2 Graphene dispersions
3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
3.1 Quality
3.2 Assessment of graphene production methods
4 REGULATIONS
4.1 Environmental, health and safety regulation
4.1.1 Europe
4.1.2 United States
4.1.3 Asia-Pacific
4.2 Workplace exposure
5 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS
6 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
6.1 Commercial production capacities
6.2 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities
6.2.1 By producer
6.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities
6.3.1 By producer
6.4 CVD graphene film
6.4.1 By producer
6.5 Graphene production issues and challenges
6.5.1 Oversupply
6.5.2 Quality
6.5.3 Large-volume markets
6.5.4 Commoditisation
6.5.5 Industrial end-user perspective
7 GRAPHENE PRICING
7.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene
7.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing
7.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing
7.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing
7.5 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing
7.6 Graphene ink
8 PRIMARY MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE
8.1 ENERGY STORAGE: BATTERIES
8.1.1 Technology overview
8.1.2 Battery market megatrends
8.1.2.1 Electrification of transport
8.1.2.2 Reducing dependence on lithium and other materials (e.g. cobalt).
8.1.2.3 New advanced battery materials
8.1.2.4 Development of next-generation flexible electronics
8.1.2.5 Reduced battery costs
8.1.2.6 Increasing demand for green energy
8.1.3 Market overview
8.1.3.1 Market drivers and trends
8.1.3.2 Applications
8.1.3.2.1 Applications roadmap
8.1.3.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.1.4 Product developers
8.2 ENERGY STORAGE: SUPERCAPACITORS
8.2.1 Technology overview
8.2.2 Market overview
8.2.2.1 Applications
8.2.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.2.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
8.2.3 Product developers
8.3 POLYMER COMPOSITES
8.3.1 Technology overview
8.3.2 Applications
8.3.2.1 Applications roadmap
8.3.3 Fiber-based polymer composite parts
8.3.3.1 Applications
8.3.4 Metal-matrix composites
8.3.4.1 Applications
8.3.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.3.6 Product developers
8.4 SENSORS
8.4.1 Technology overview
8.4.2 Market overview
8.4.2.1 Applications
8.4.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.4.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
8.4.3 Product developers
8.5 CONDUCTIVE INKS
8.5.1 Technology overview
8.5.2 Market overview
8.5.2.1 Applications
8.5.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.5.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.5.3 Product developers
8.6 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS
8.6.1 Technology overview
8.6.2 Market outlook
8.6.2.1 Applications
8.6.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.6.2.2 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033
8.6.3 Product developers
8.7 TRANSISTORS
8.7.1 Technology overview
8.7.2 Market overview
8.7.2.1 Applications
8.7.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.7.2.2 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033
8.7.3 Product developers
8.8 FILTRATION MEMBRANES
8.8.1 Technology overview
8.8.2 Market overview
8.8.2.1 Applications
8.8.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.8.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.8.3 Product developers
9 SECONDARY MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE
9.1 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
9.1.1 Technology overview
9.1.2 Market overview
9.1.2.1 Applications
9.1.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.1.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.1.3 Product developers
9.2 ADHESIVES
9.2.1 Technology overview
9.2.2 Market overview
9.2.2.1 Applications
9.2.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.2.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.2.3 Product developers
9.3 AEROSPACE
9.3.1 Technology overview
9.3.2 Market overview
9.3.2.1 Applications
9.3.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.3.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.3.3 Product developers
9.4 AUTOMOTIVE
9.4.1 Technology overview
9.4.2 Market overview
9.4.2.1 Applications
9.4.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.4.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.4.3 Product developers
9.5 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS
9.5.1 Technology overview
9.5.2 Market overview
9.5.2.1 Applications
9.5.2.1.1 Cement
9.5.2.1.2 Asphalt bitumen
9.5.2.1.3 Aerogels
9.5.2.1.3.1 3D printed aerogels
9.5.2.1.3.2 Carbon-based aerogel composites
9.5.2.1.4 Applications roadmap
9.5.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.5.3 Product developers
9.6 MEMORY DEVICES
9.6.1 Technology overview
9.6.2 Market overview
9.6.2.1 Applications
9.6.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.6.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.6.3 Product developers
9.7 FUEL CELLS
9.7.1 Technology overview
9.7.2 Market overview
9.7.2.1 Applications
9.7.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.7.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.7.3 Product developers
9.8 BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
9.8.1 Technology overview
9.8.2 Market overview
9.8.2.1 Applications
9.8.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.8.2.2 Drug delivery
9.8.2.3 Imaging and diagnostics
9.8.2.4 Implants
9.8.2.5 Medical biosensors
9.8.2.6 Woundcare
9.8.2.7 Medical wearables
9.8.2.8 Gene delivery
9.8.2.9 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.8.3 Product developers
9.9 LIGHTING
9.9.1 Technology overview
9.9.2 Market overview
9.9.2.1 Applications
9.9.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.9.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.9.3 Product developers
9.10 LUBRICANTS
9.10.1 Technology overview
9.10.2 Market overview
9.10.2.1 Applications
9.10.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.10.3 Product developers
9.11 OIL AND GAS
9.11.1 Technology overview
9.11.2 Market overview
9.11.2.1 Applications
9.11.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.11.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.11.3 Product developers
9.12 PAINTS AND COATINGS
9.12.1 Technology overview
9.12.2 Market overview
9.12.2.1 Applications
9.12.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.12.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.12.3 Product developers
9.13 PHOTONICS
9.13.1 Technology overview
9.13.2 Market overview
9.13.2.1 Applications
9.13.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.13.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.13.3 Product developers
9.14 PHOTOVOLTAICS
9.14.1 Technology overview
9.14.2 Market overview
9.14.2.1 Applications
9.14.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.14.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.14.3 Product developers
9.15 RUBBER AND TYRES
9.15.1 Technology overview
9.15.2 Market overview
9.15.2.1 Applications
9.15.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.15.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.15.3 Product developers
9.16 TEXTILES AND APPAREL
9.16.1 Technology overview
9.16.2 Market outlook
9.16.2.1 Applications
9.16.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.16.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.16.3 Product developers
9.17 OTHER MARKETS
9.17.1 Audio equipment
9.17.2 Sporting goods and apparel
10 GRAPHENE PRODUCER ASSESSMENT
10.1 Types of graphene produced, by producer
10.2 Markets targeted, by producer
10.3 Graphene product developers target markets
11 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES 399 (343 COMPANY PROFILES)
12 GRAPHENE EX-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS
13 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS
13.1 Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D materials
13.2 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS
13.2.1 Top-down exfoliation
13.2.1.1 Mechanical exfoliation method
13.2.1.2 Liquid exfoliation method
13.2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
13.2.2.1 Chemical synthesis in solution
13.2.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition
13.3 TYPES OF 2D MATERIALS
13.3.1 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
13.3.1.1 Properties
13.3.1.2 Applications and markets
13.3.1.2.1 Electronics
13.3.1.2.2 Fuel cells
13.3.1.2.3 Adsorbents
13.3.1.2.4 Photodetectors
13.3.1.2.5 Textiles
13.3.1.2.6 Biomedical
13.3.2 MXenes
13.3.2.1 Properties
13.3.2.2 Applications
13.3.2.2.1 Catalysts
13.3.2.2.2 Hydrogels
13.3.2.2.3 Energy storage devices
13.3.2.2.3.1 Supercapacitors
13.3.2.2.3.2 Batteries
13.3.2.2.3.3 Gas Separation
13.3.2.2.4 Liquid Separation
13.3.2.2.5 Antibacterials
13.3.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)
13.3.3.1 Properties
13.3.3.1.1 Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)
13.3.3.1.2 Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
13.3.3.2 Applications
13.3.3.2.1 Electronics
13.3.3.2.2 Optoelectronics
13.3.3.2.3 Biomedical
13.3.3.2.4 Piezoelectrics
13.3.3.2.5 Sensors
13.3.3.2.6 Filtration
13.3.3.2.7 Batteries and supercapacitors
13.3.3.2.8 Fiber lasers
13.3.4 Borophene
13.3.4.1 Properties
13.3.4.2 Applications
13.3.4.2.1 Energy storage
13.3.4.2.2 Hydrogen storage
13.3.4.2.3 Sensors
13.3.4.2.4 Electronics
13.3.5 Phosphorene/ Black phosphorus
13.3.5.1 Properties
13.3.5.2 Applications
13.3.5.2.1 Electronics
13.3.5.2.2 Field effect transistors
13.3.5.2.3 Thermoelectrics
13.3.5.2.4 Batteries
13.3.5.2.4.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
13.3.5.2.4.2 Sodium-ion batteries
13.3.5.2.4.3 Lithium–sulfur batteries
13.3.5.2.5 Supercapacitors
13.3.5.2.6 Photodetectors
13.3.5.2.7 Sensors
13.3.6 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
13.3.6.1 Properties
13.3.6.2 C2N
13.3.6.3 Applications
13.3.6.3.1 Electronics
13.3.6.3.2 Filtration membranes
13.3.6.3.3 Photocatalysts
13.3.6.3.4 Batteries
13.3.6.3.5 Sensors
13.3.7 Germanene
13.3.7.1 Properties
13.3.7.2 Applications
13.3.7.2.1 Electronics
13.3.7.2.2 Batteries
13.3.8 Graphdiyne
13.3.8.1 Properties
13.3.8.2 Applications
13.3.8.2.1 Electronics
13.3.8.2.2 Batteries
13.3.8.2.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
13.3.8.2.2.2 Sodium ion batteries
13.3.8.2.3 Separation membranes
13.3.8.2.4 Water filtration
13.3.8.2.5 Photocatalysts
13.3.8.2.6 Photovoltaics
13.3.8.2.7 Gas separation
13.3.9 Graphane
13.3.9.1 Properties
13.3.9.2 Applications
13.3.9.2.1 Electronics
13.3.9.2.2 Hydrogen storage
13.3.10 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)
13.3.10.1 Properties
13.3.10.2 Applications
13.3.11 Silicene
13.3.11.1 Properties
13.3.11.2 Applications
13.3.11.2.1 Electronics
13.3.11.2.2 Thermoelectrics
13.3.11.2.3 Batteries
13.3.11.2.4 Sensors
13.3.11.2.5 Biomedical
13.3.12 Stanene/tinene
13.3.12.1 Properties
13.3.12.2 Applications
13.3.12.2.1 Electronics
13.3.13 Antimonene
13.3.13.1 Properties
13.3.13.2 Applications
13.3.14 Indium selenide
13.3.14.1 Properties
13.3.14.2 Applications
13.3.14.2.1 Electronics
13.3.15 Layered double hydroxides (LDH)
13.3.15.1 Properties
13.3.15.2 Applications
13.3.15.2.1 Adsorbents
13.3.15.2.2 Catalyst
13.3.15.2.3 Sensors
13.3.15.2.4 Electrodes
13.3.15.2.5 Flame Retardants
13.3.15.2.6 Biosensors
13.3.15.2.7 Tissue engineering
13.3.15.2.8 Anti-Microbials
13.3.15.2.9 Drug Delivery
13.4 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES 718 (19 company profiles)
14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
14.1 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
15 REFERENCES
1.1 Graphene properties
1.2 Commercialization
1.3 The graphene market to date
1.4 The graphene market in 2021
1.5 The graphene market in 2022
1.6 Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2023
1.7 Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023
1.8 Publicly listed graphene companies
1.9 Graphene global production capacities, in tons and by type
1.10 Global demand for graphene
1.10.1 Global graphene demand, to 2033, tons
1.10.2 Global graphene demand, by end user market to 2033
1.10.3 Graphene market, by region
1.10.3.1 Asia-Pacific
1.10.3.1.1 China
1.10.3.1.2 Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific
1.10.3.2 North America
1.10.3.2.1 Main graphene producers in North America
1.10.3.3 Europe
1.10.3.3.1 Main graphene producers in Europe
1.11 Graphene products
1.12 Industrial collaborations and licence agreements
1.13 Graphene market challenges
2 OVERVIEW OF GRAPHENE
2.1 History
2.2 Properties
2.3 Types of graphene
2.3.1 Graphene materials
2.3.1.1 CVD Graphene
2.3.1.1.1 Applications
2.3.1.2 Graphene nanoplatelets
2.3.1.3 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide
2.3.1.4 Graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
2.3.1.4.1 Composition
2.3.1.4.2 Comparison to quantum dots
2.3.1.4.3 Properties
2.3.1.4.4 Synthesis
2.3.1.4.4.1 Top-down method
2.3.1.4.4.2 Bottom-up method
2.3.1.4.4.3 Comparison of synthesis methods
2.3.1.4.5 Applications
2.3.1.4.6 Markets for graphene quantum dots
2.3.1.4.6.1 Electronics and photonics
2.3.1.4.6.2 Energy storage and conversion
2.3.1.4.6.3 Sensors
2.3.1.4.6.4 Biomedicine and life sciences
2.3.1.4.6.5 Anti-counterfeiting
2.3.1.4.7 Challenges
2.3.1.4.8 Current and projected revenues
2.3.1.4.9 Pricing
2.3.1.4.10 Companies 101 (14 company profiles)
2.3.2 Intermediate products
2.3.2.1 Graphene masterbatches
2.3.2.2 Graphene dispersions
3 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
3.1 Quality
3.2 Assessment of graphene production methods
4 REGULATIONS
4.1 Environmental, health and safety regulation
4.1.1 Europe
4.1.2 United States
4.1.3 Asia-Pacific
4.2 Workplace exposure
5 GRAPHENE PATENTS AND PUBLICATIONS
6 GRAPHENE PRODUCTION
6.1 Commercial production capacities
6.2 Graphene oxide and reduced Graphene Oxide production capacities
6.2.1 By producer
6.3 Graphene nanoplatelets production capacities
6.3.1 By producer
6.4 CVD graphene film
6.4.1 By producer
6.5 Graphene production issues and challenges
6.5.1 Oversupply
6.5.2 Quality
6.5.3 Large-volume markets
6.5.4 Commoditisation
6.5.5 Industrial end-user perspective
7 GRAPHENE PRICING
7.1 Pristine graphene flakes pricing/CVD graphene
7.2 Few-Layer graphene pricing
7.3 Graphene nanoplatelets pricing
7.4 Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) pricing
7.5 Multilayer graphene (MLG) pricing
7.6 Graphene ink
8 PRIMARY MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE
8.1 ENERGY STORAGE: BATTERIES
8.1.1 Technology overview
8.1.2 Battery market megatrends
8.1.2.1 Electrification of transport
8.1.2.2 Reducing dependence on lithium and other materials (e.g. cobalt).
8.1.2.3 New advanced battery materials
8.1.2.4 Development of next-generation flexible electronics
8.1.2.5 Reduced battery costs
8.1.2.6 Increasing demand for green energy
8.1.3 Market overview
8.1.3.1 Market drivers and trends
8.1.3.2 Applications
8.1.3.2.1 Applications roadmap
8.1.3.3 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.1.4 Product developers
8.2 ENERGY STORAGE: SUPERCAPACITORS
8.2.1 Technology overview
8.2.2 Market overview
8.2.2.1 Applications
8.2.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.2.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
8.2.3 Product developers
8.3 POLYMER COMPOSITES
8.3.1 Technology overview
8.3.2 Applications
8.3.2.1 Applications roadmap
8.3.3 Fiber-based polymer composite parts
8.3.3.1 Applications
8.3.4 Metal-matrix composites
8.3.4.1 Applications
8.3.5 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.3.6 Product developers
8.4 SENSORS
8.4.1 Technology overview
8.4.2 Market overview
8.4.2.1 Applications
8.4.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.4.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
8.4.3 Product developers
8.5 CONDUCTIVE INKS
8.5.1 Technology overview
8.5.2 Market overview
8.5.2.1 Applications
8.5.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.5.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.5.3 Product developers
8.6 TRANSPARENT CONDUCTIVE FILMS AND DISPLAYS
8.6.1 Technology overview
8.6.2 Market outlook
8.6.2.1 Applications
8.6.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.6.2.2 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033
8.6.3 Product developers
8.7 TRANSISTORS
8.7.1 Technology overview
8.7.2 Market overview
8.7.2.1 Applications
8.7.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.7.2.2 Global market, historical and forecast to 2033
8.7.3 Product developers
8.8 FILTRATION MEMBRANES
8.8.1 Technology overview
8.8.2 Market overview
8.8.2.1 Applications
8.8.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
8.8.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
8.8.3 Product developers
9 SECONDARY MARKETS FOR GRAPHENE
9.1 ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
9.1.1 Technology overview
9.1.2 Market overview
9.1.2.1 Applications
9.1.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.1.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.1.3 Product developers
9.2 ADHESIVES
9.2.1 Technology overview
9.2.2 Market overview
9.2.2.1 Applications
9.2.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.2.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.2.3 Product developers
9.3 AEROSPACE
9.3.1 Technology overview
9.3.2 Market overview
9.3.2.1 Applications
9.3.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.3.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.3.3 Product developers
9.4 AUTOMOTIVE
9.4.1 Technology overview
9.4.2 Market overview
9.4.2.1 Applications
9.4.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.4.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.4.3 Product developers
9.5 CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDINGS
9.5.1 Technology overview
9.5.2 Market overview
9.5.2.1 Applications
9.5.2.1.1 Cement
9.5.2.1.2 Asphalt bitumen
9.5.2.1.3 Aerogels
9.5.2.1.3.1 3D printed aerogels
9.5.2.1.3.2 Carbon-based aerogel composites
9.5.2.1.4 Applications roadmap
9.5.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.5.3 Product developers
9.6 MEMORY DEVICES
9.6.1 Technology overview
9.6.2 Market overview
9.6.2.1 Applications
9.6.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.6.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.6.3 Product developers
9.7 FUEL CELLS
9.7.1 Technology overview
9.7.2 Market overview
9.7.2.1 Applications
9.7.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.7.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.7.3 Product developers
9.8 BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
9.8.1 Technology overview
9.8.2 Market overview
9.8.2.1 Applications
9.8.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.8.2.2 Drug delivery
9.8.2.3 Imaging and diagnostics
9.8.2.4 Implants
9.8.2.5 Medical biosensors
9.8.2.6 Woundcare
9.8.2.7 Medical wearables
9.8.2.8 Gene delivery
9.8.2.9 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.8.3 Product developers
9.9 LIGHTING
9.9.1 Technology overview
9.9.2 Market overview
9.9.2.1 Applications
9.9.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.9.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.9.3 Product developers
9.10 LUBRICANTS
9.10.1 Technology overview
9.10.2 Market overview
9.10.2.1 Applications
9.10.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.10.3 Product developers
9.11 OIL AND GAS
9.11.1 Technology overview
9.11.2 Market overview
9.11.2.1 Applications
9.11.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.11.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.11.3 Product developers
9.12 PAINTS AND COATINGS
9.12.1 Technology overview
9.12.2 Market overview
9.12.2.1 Applications
9.12.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.12.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.12.3 Product developers
9.13 PHOTONICS
9.13.1 Technology overview
9.13.2 Market overview
9.13.2.1 Applications
9.13.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.13.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.13.3 Product developers
9.14 PHOTOVOLTAICS
9.14.1 Technology overview
9.14.2 Market overview
9.14.2.1 Applications
9.14.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.14.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.14.3 Product developers
9.15 RUBBER AND TYRES
9.15.1 Technology overview
9.15.2 Market overview
9.15.2.1 Applications
9.15.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.15.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2033
9.15.3 Product developers
9.16 TEXTILES AND APPAREL
9.16.1 Technology overview
9.16.2 Market outlook
9.16.2.1 Applications
9.16.2.1.1 Applications roadmap
9.16.2.2 Global market in tons, historical and forecast to 2031
9.16.3 Product developers
9.17 OTHER MARKETS
9.17.1 Audio equipment
9.17.2 Sporting goods and apparel
10 GRAPHENE PRODUCER ASSESSMENT
10.1 Types of graphene produced, by producer
10.2 Markets targeted, by producer
10.3 Graphene product developers target markets
11 GRAPHENE COMPANY PROFILES 399 (343 COMPANY PROFILES)
12 GRAPHENE EX-PRODUCERS AND PRODUCT DEVELOPERS
13 OTHER 2-D MATERIALS
13.1 Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2D materials
13.2 2D MATERIALS PRODUCTION METHODS
13.2.1 Top-down exfoliation
13.2.1.1 Mechanical exfoliation method
13.2.1.2 Liquid exfoliation method
13.2.2 Bottom-up synthesis
13.2.2.1 Chemical synthesis in solution
13.2.2.2 Chemical vapor deposition
13.3 TYPES OF 2D MATERIALS
13.3.1 Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
13.3.1.1 Properties
13.3.1.2 Applications and markets
13.3.1.2.1 Electronics
13.3.1.2.2 Fuel cells
13.3.1.2.3 Adsorbents
13.3.1.2.4 Photodetectors
13.3.1.2.5 Textiles
13.3.1.2.6 Biomedical
13.3.2 MXenes
13.3.2.1 Properties
13.3.2.2 Applications
13.3.2.2.1 Catalysts
13.3.2.2.2 Hydrogels
13.3.2.2.3 Energy storage devices
13.3.2.2.3.1 Supercapacitors
13.3.2.2.3.2 Batteries
13.3.2.2.3.3 Gas Separation
13.3.2.2.4 Liquid Separation
13.3.2.2.5 Antibacterials
13.3.3 Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)
13.3.3.1 Properties
13.3.3.1.1 Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2)
13.3.3.1.2 Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
13.3.3.2 Applications
13.3.3.2.1 Electronics
13.3.3.2.2 Optoelectronics
13.3.3.2.3 Biomedical
13.3.3.2.4 Piezoelectrics
13.3.3.2.5 Sensors
13.3.3.2.6 Filtration
13.3.3.2.7 Batteries and supercapacitors
13.3.3.2.8 Fiber lasers
13.3.4 Borophene
13.3.4.1 Properties
13.3.4.2 Applications
13.3.4.2.1 Energy storage
13.3.4.2.2 Hydrogen storage
13.3.4.2.3 Sensors
13.3.4.2.4 Electronics
13.3.5 Phosphorene/ Black phosphorus
13.3.5.1 Properties
13.3.5.2 Applications
13.3.5.2.1 Electronics
13.3.5.2.2 Field effect transistors
13.3.5.2.3 Thermoelectrics
13.3.5.2.4 Batteries
13.3.5.2.4.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
13.3.5.2.4.2 Sodium-ion batteries
13.3.5.2.4.3 Lithium–sulfur batteries
13.3.5.2.5 Supercapacitors
13.3.5.2.6 Photodetectors
13.3.5.2.7 Sensors
13.3.6 Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)
13.3.6.1 Properties
13.3.6.2 C2N
13.3.6.3 Applications
13.3.6.3.1 Electronics
13.3.6.3.2 Filtration membranes
13.3.6.3.3 Photocatalysts
13.3.6.3.4 Batteries
13.3.6.3.5 Sensors
13.3.7 Germanene
13.3.7.1 Properties
13.3.7.2 Applications
13.3.7.2.1 Electronics
13.3.7.2.2 Batteries
13.3.8 Graphdiyne
13.3.8.1 Properties
13.3.8.2 Applications
13.3.8.2.1 Electronics
13.3.8.2.2 Batteries
13.3.8.2.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries (LIB)
13.3.8.2.2.2 Sodium ion batteries
13.3.8.2.3 Separation membranes
13.3.8.2.4 Water filtration
13.3.8.2.5 Photocatalysts
13.3.8.2.6 Photovoltaics
13.3.8.2.7 Gas separation
13.3.9 Graphane
13.3.9.1 Properties
13.3.9.2 Applications
13.3.9.2.1 Electronics
13.3.9.2.2 Hydrogen storage
13.3.10 Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and diselenide (ReSe2)
13.3.10.1 Properties
13.3.10.2 Applications
13.3.11 Silicene
13.3.11.1 Properties
13.3.11.2 Applications
13.3.11.2.1 Electronics
13.3.11.2.2 Thermoelectrics
13.3.11.2.3 Batteries
13.3.11.2.4 Sensors
13.3.11.2.5 Biomedical
13.3.12 Stanene/tinene
13.3.12.1 Properties
13.3.12.2 Applications
13.3.12.2.1 Electronics
13.3.13 Antimonene
13.3.13.1 Properties
13.3.13.2 Applications
13.3.14 Indium selenide
13.3.14.1 Properties
13.3.14.2 Applications
13.3.14.2.1 Electronics
13.3.15 Layered double hydroxides (LDH)
13.3.15.1 Properties
13.3.15.2 Applications
13.3.15.2.1 Adsorbents
13.3.15.2.2 Catalyst
13.3.15.2.3 Sensors
13.3.15.2.4 Electrodes
13.3.15.2.5 Flame Retardants
13.3.15.2.6 Biosensors
13.3.15.2.7 Tissue engineering
13.3.15.2.8 Anti-Microbials
13.3.15.2.9 Drug Delivery
13.4 2D MATERIALS PRODUCER AND SUPPLIER PROFILES 718 (19 company profiles)
14 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
14.1 Technology Readiness Level (TRL)
15 REFERENCES
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2023.
Table 2. Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023.
Table 3. Publicly listed graphene companies.
Table 4. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell to.
Table 5. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 6. Main graphene producers in North America.
Table 7. Main graphene producers in Europe.
Table 8. Commercial products incorporating graphene.
Table 9. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets.
Table 10. Graphene market challenges.
Table 11. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.
Table 12. Applications of GO and rGO.
Table 13. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs.
Table 14. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs.
Table 15. Applications of graphene quantum dots.
Table 16. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics.
Table 17. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion.
Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors.
Table 19. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences.
Table 20. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics.
Table 21. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots.
Table 22. Prices for graphene quantum dots.
Table 23. Assessment of graphene production methods.
Table 24. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe.
Table 25. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America.
Table 26. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific.
Table 27. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019.
Table 29. Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2014-2022.
Table 30. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2022.
Table 31. CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2014-2022 in 000s m2.
Table 32. Types of graphene and typical prices.
Table 33. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer.
Table 34. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer.
Table 35. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer.
Table 36. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer.
Table 38. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer.
Table 39. Graphene ink pricing by producer.
Table 40. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries.
Table 41. Market overview for graphene in batteries.
Table 42. Market outlook for graphene in batteries.
Table 43. Market drivers for use of graphene in batteries.
Table 44. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 45. Market and applications for graphene in batteries.
Table 46. Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 47. Product developers in graphene batteries.
Table 48. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 49. Market overviewfor graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 50: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.
Table 51. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 52. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 53. Product developers in graphene supercapacitors.
Table 54. Market overview for graphene in composites.
Table 55. Market outlook for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts.
Table 56. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts.
Table 57. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites.
Table 58. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2033, tons.
Table 59. Product developers in graphene composites.
Table 60. Market overview for graphene in sensors.
Table 61. Market overview for graphene in sensors.
Table 62. Market and applications for graphene in sensors.
Table 63. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 64. Product developers in graphene sensors.
Table 65. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 66. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 67. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 68. Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 69. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 70. Product developers in graphene conductive inks.
Table 71. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays.
Table 72. Market outlook for graphene in transparent conductive films.
Table 73. Market and applications for graphene in transparent conductive films.
Table 74. Comparison of ITO replacements.
Table 75. Demand for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2033.
Table 76. Product developers in graphene transparent conductive films.
Table 77. Market overview for graphene in transistors.
Table 78. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors.
Table 79. Market outlook for graphene in transistors.
Table 80. Market and applications for graphene transistors.
Table 81. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033.
Table 82. Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits.
Table 83. Market overview for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 84. Market outlook for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 85. Market and applications for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 86. Demand for graphene in filtration membranes (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 87. Graphene companies in filtration.
Table 88. Market overview for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 89. Market outlook for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 90. Market and applications for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 91. Demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 92. Product developers in additive manufacturing.
Table 93. Market overview for graphene in adhesives.
Table 94. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives.
Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives.
Table 96. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 97. Product developers in graphene adhesives.
Table 98. Market overview for graphene in aerospace.
Table 99. Market assessment for graphene in aerospace.
Table 100. Market and applications for graphene in aerospace.
Table 101: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030.
Table 102: Product developers in graphene for aerospace.
Table 103. Market overview for graphene in the automotive market.
Table 104. Market outlook for graphene in automotive.
Table 105. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.
Table 106. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.
Table 107. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 108. Product developers in the graphene automotive market.
Table 109. Market overview for graphene in construction and buildings.
Table 110. Market outlook for graphene in construction.
Table 111. Graphene for concrete and cement.
Table 112. Graphene for asphalt bitumen.
Table 113. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 114: Graphene product developers in construction.
Table 115. Market overview for graphene in memory devices.
Table 116. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices.
Table 117. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices.
Table 118. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033.
Table 119. Product developers in graphene memory devices.
Table 120. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 121. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 122. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 123. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 124. Product developers in graphene fuel cells.
Table 125. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine.
Table 126. Market and applications for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Table 127. Market overview for graphene in drug delivery.
Table 128. Market overview for graphene in imaging and diagnostics.
Table 129. Market overview for graphene in medical implants.
Table 130. Market overview for graphene in medical biosensors.
Table 131. Market overview for graphene in woundcare.
Table 132. Demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 133. Product developers in biomedicine and healthcare.
Table 134. Market overview for graphene in lighting.
Table 135. Market overview for graphene in lighting.
Table 136. Market and applications for graphene in lighting.
Table 137. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033.
Table 138. Product developers in graphene lighting.
Table 139. Market overview for graphene in lubricants.
Table 140. Nanomaterial lubricant products.
Table 141. Market overview for graphene in lubricants.
Table 142. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants.
Table 143. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 144. Product developers in graphene lubricants.
Table 145. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 146. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 147. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 148. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 149. Product developers in graphene oil and gas.
Table 150. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 151. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 152. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 153. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 154. Product developers in graphene paints and coatings.
Table 155. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 156. Market overview for graphene in photonics.
Table 157. Market and applications for graphene in photonics.
Table 158. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033.
Table 159. Product developers in graphene photonics.
Table 160. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 161. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 162. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 163. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 164. Product developers in graphene solar.
Table 165. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 166. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 167. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 168. Demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 169. Product developers in rubber and tyres.
Table 170. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 171. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 172. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 173. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 174. Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 175. Graphene audio equipment producers and products.
Table 176. Graphene sporting goods producers and products.
Table 177. Graphene producers and types produced.
Table 178. Graphene producers target market matrix.
Table 179. Graphene product developers target market matrix.
Table 180. Performance criteria of energy storage devices.
Table 181. 2D materials types.
Table 182. Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials.
Table 183. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials.
Table 184. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials.
Table 185. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
Table 186. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.
Table 187. Properties and applications of functionalized germanene.
Table 188. GDY-based anode materials in LIBs and SIBs
Table 189. Physical and electronic properties of Stanene.
Table 190. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples.
Table 1. Graphene commercial market developments 2020-2023.
Table 2. Graphene funding and investments 2020-2023.
Table 3. Publicly listed graphene companies.
Table 4. Main graphene producers by country, annual production capacities, types and main markets they sell to.
Table 5. Demand for graphene (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 6. Main graphene producers in North America.
Table 7. Main graphene producers in Europe.
Table 8. Commercial products incorporating graphene.
Table 9. Graphene industrial collaborations, licence agreements and target markets.
Table 10. Graphene market challenges.
Table 11. Properties of graphene, properties of competing materials, applications thereof.
Table 12. Applications of GO and rGO.
Table 13. Comparison of graphene QDs and semiconductor QDs.
Table 14. Advantages and disadvantages of methods for preparing GQDs.
Table 15. Applications of graphene quantum dots.
Table 16. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics and photonics.
Table 17. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in energy storage and conversion.
Table 18. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in sensors.
Table 19. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in biomedicine and life sciences.
Table 20. Markets and applications for graphene quantum dots in electronics.
Table 21. Market and technology challenges for graphene quantum dots.
Table 22. Prices for graphene quantum dots.
Table 23. Assessment of graphene production methods.
Table 24. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Europe.
Table 25. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in North America.
Table 26. Regulations and rulings related to graphene in Asia-Pacific.
Table 27. Accumulated number of patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019.
Table 29. Graphene oxide production capacity by producer, 2014-2022.
Table 30. Graphene nanoplatelets capacity in tons by producer, 2010-2022.
Table 31. CVD graphene film capacity by producer, 2014-2022 in 000s m2.
Table 32. Types of graphene and typical prices.
Table 33. Pristine graphene flakes pricing by producer.
Table 34. Few-layer graphene pricing by producer.
Table 35. Graphene nanoplatelets pricing by producer.
Table 36. Graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide pricing, by producer.
Table 38. Multi-layer graphene pricing by producer.
Table 39. Graphene ink pricing by producer.
Table 40. Applications of nanomaterials in batteries.
Table 41. Market overview for graphene in batteries.
Table 42. Market outlook for graphene in batteries.
Table 43. Market drivers for use of graphene in batteries.
Table 44. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable batteries, by materials type and benefits thereof.
Table 45. Market and applications for graphene in batteries.
Table 46. Estimated demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 47. Product developers in graphene batteries.
Table 48. Market overview for graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 49. Market overviewfor graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 50: Comparative properties of graphene supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries.
Table 51. Market and applications for graphene in supercapacitors.
Table 52. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 53. Product developers in graphene supercapacitors.
Table 54. Market overview for graphene in composites.
Table 55. Market outlook for graphene in fiber-based polymer composite parts.
Table 56. Market and applications for graphene in fiber-based composite parts.
Table 57. Market and applications for graphene in metal matrix composites.
Table 58. Global market for graphene in composites 2018-2033, tons.
Table 59. Product developers in graphene composites.
Table 60. Market overview for graphene in sensors.
Table 61. Market overview for graphene in sensors.
Table 62. Market and applications for graphene in sensors.
Table 63. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 64. Product developers in graphene sensors.
Table 65. Market overview for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 66. Market outlook for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 67. Market and applications for graphene in conductive inks.
Table 68. Comparative properties of conductive inks.
Table 69. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 70. Product developers in graphene conductive inks.
Table 71. Market overview for graphene in wearable electronics and displays.
Table 72. Market outlook for graphene in transparent conductive films.
Table 73. Market and applications for graphene in transparent conductive films.
Table 74. Comparison of ITO replacements.
Table 75. Demand for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2033.
Table 76. Product developers in graphene transparent conductive films.
Table 77. Market overview for graphene in transistors.
Table 78. Comparative properties of silicon and graphene transistors.
Table 79. Market outlook for graphene in transistors.
Table 80. Market and applications for graphene transistors.
Table 81. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033.
Table 82. Product developers in graphene transistors and integrated circuits.
Table 83. Market overview for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 84. Market outlook for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 85. Market and applications for graphene in filtration membranes.
Table 86. Demand for graphene in filtration membranes (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 87. Graphene companies in filtration.
Table 88. Market overview for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 89. Market outlook for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 90. Market and applications for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Table 91. Demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 92. Product developers in additive manufacturing.
Table 93. Market overview for graphene in adhesives.
Table 94. Market outlook for graphene in adhesives.
Table 95. Market and applications for graphene in adhesives.
Table 96. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 97. Product developers in graphene adhesives.
Table 98. Market overview for graphene in aerospace.
Table 99. Market assessment for graphene in aerospace.
Table 100. Market and applications for graphene in aerospace.
Table 101: Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2030.
Table 102: Product developers in graphene for aerospace.
Table 103. Market overview for graphene in the automotive market.
Table 104. Market outlook for graphene in automotive.
Table 105. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.
Table 106. Market and applications for graphene in automotive.
Table 107. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 108. Product developers in the graphene automotive market.
Table 109. Market overview for graphene in construction and buildings.
Table 110. Market outlook for graphene in construction.
Table 111. Graphene for concrete and cement.
Table 112. Graphene for asphalt bitumen.
Table 113. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 114: Graphene product developers in construction.
Table 115. Market overview for graphene in memory devices.
Table 116. Market outlook for graphene in memory devices.
Table 117. Market and applications for graphene in memory devices.
Table 118. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033.
Table 119. Product developers in graphene memory devices.
Table 120. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 121. Market overview for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 122. Market and applications for graphene in fuel cells.
Table 123. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 124. Product developers in graphene fuel cells.
Table 125. Market overview for graphene in life sciences and medicine.
Table 126. Market and applications for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Table 127. Market overview for graphene in drug delivery.
Table 128. Market overview for graphene in imaging and diagnostics.
Table 129. Market overview for graphene in medical implants.
Table 130. Market overview for graphene in medical biosensors.
Table 131. Market overview for graphene in woundcare.
Table 132. Demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 133. Product developers in biomedicine and healthcare.
Table 134. Market overview for graphene in lighting.
Table 135. Market overview for graphene in lighting.
Table 136. Market and applications for graphene in lighting.
Table 137. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033.
Table 138. Product developers in graphene lighting.
Table 139. Market overview for graphene in lubricants.
Table 140. Nanomaterial lubricant products.
Table 141. Market overview for graphene in lubricants.
Table 142. Market and applications for graphene in lubricants.
Table 143. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 144. Product developers in graphene lubricants.
Table 145. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 146. Market overview for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 147. Market and applications for graphene in oil and gas.
Table 148. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 149. Product developers in graphene oil and gas.
Table 150. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 151. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 152. Market and applications for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 153. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 154. Product developers in graphene paints and coatings.
Table 155. Market overview for graphene in paints and coatings.
Table 156. Market overview for graphene in photonics.
Table 157. Market and applications for graphene in photonics.
Table 158. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033.
Table 159. Product developers in graphene photonics.
Table 160. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 161. Market overview for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 162. Market and applications for graphene in photovoltaics.
Table 163. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 164. Product developers in graphene solar.
Table 165. Market overview for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 166. Market outlook for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 167. Market and applications for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Table 168. Demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 169. Product developers in rubber and tyres.
Table 170. Market overview for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 171. Market outlook for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 172. Market and applications for graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 173. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033.
Table 174. Graphene product developers in smart textiles and apparel.
Table 175. Graphene audio equipment producers and products.
Table 176. Graphene sporting goods producers and products.
Table 177. Graphene producers and types produced.
Table 178. Graphene producers target market matrix.
Table 179. Graphene product developers target market matrix.
Table 180. Performance criteria of energy storage devices.
Table 181. 2D materials types.
Table 182. Comparative analysis of graphene and other 2-D nanomaterials.
Table 183. Comparison of top-down exfoliation methods to produce 2D materials.
Table 184. Comparison of the bottom-up synthesis methods to produce 2D materials.
Table 185. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
Table 186. Electronic and mechanical properties of monolayer phosphorene, graphene and MoS2.
Table 187. Properties and applications of functionalized germanene.
Table 188. GDY-based anode materials in LIBs and SIBs
Table 189. Physical and electronic properties of Stanene.
Table 190. Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Examples.
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2022.
Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2018-2033, tons.
Figure 3. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons), conservative estimate.
Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). Medium estimate.
Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). High estimate.
Figure 6. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2022.
Figure 7. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2022.
Figure 8. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific.
Figure 9. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2022.
Figure 10. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2022.
Figure 11. Graphene layer structure schematic.
Figure 12. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG.
Figure 13. Graphite and graphene.
Figure 14. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene.
Figure 15. Types of CVD methods.
Figure 16. Schematic of the manufacture of GnPs starting from natural graphite.
Figure 17. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots.
Figure 18. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).
Figure 19. Graphene quantum dots.
Figure 20. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods.
Figure 21. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2033, millions USD
Figure 20. Dotz Nano GQD products.
Figure 21. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.
Figure 22. Quantag GQDs and sensor.
Figure 22. Fabrication methods of graphene.
Figure 23. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF.
Figure 24. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd.
Figure 25. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods.
Figure 26. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019.
Figure 28. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil.
Figure 29. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031.
Figure 30. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031.
Figure 31. Costs of batteries to 2031.
Figure 32. Applications of graphene in batteries.
Figure 33. Applications roadmap for graphene in batteries.
Figure 34. Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 35. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank.
Figure 36. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery.
Figure 37. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries.
Figure 38. Real Graphene Powerbank.
Figure 39. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH.
Figure 40. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 41. Applications roadmap for graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 42. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 43. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors.
Figure 44. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor.
Figure 45. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger.
Figure 46. Applications roadmap for graphene in polymer composites.
Figure 47. Applications of graphene in composites.
Figure 48. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 49. Graphene bike.
Figure 50. Graphene lacrosse equipment.
Figure 51. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic.
Figure 52. Aros Create.
Figure 53. Grays graphene hockey sticks.
Figure 54. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring.
Figure 55. Applications of graphene in sensors.
Figure 56. Applications roadmap for graphene in sensors.
Figure 57. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 58. AGILE R100 system.
Figure 59. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector.
Figure 60. GFET sensors.
Figure 61. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light.
Figure 62. Applications roadmap for graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 63. Applications of graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 64. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 65. BGT Materials graphene ink product.
Figure 66. Printed graphene conductive ink.
Figure 67. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink.
Figure 68. Applications roadmap for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays.
Figure 69. Demand for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2033.
Figure 70. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application.
Figure 71. Applications of graphene transistors.
Figure 72. Applications roadmap for graphene transistors.
Figure 73. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033.
Figure 74. Graphene IC in wafer tester.
Figure 75. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right).
Figure 76. Applications of graphene in filtration membranes.
Figure 77. Applications roadmap for graphene filtration membranes.
Figure 78. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 79. Graphene anti-smog mask.
Figure 80. Graphene filtration membrane.
Figure 81. Graphene water filer cartridge.
Figure 82. Applications of graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 83. Applications roadmap for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Figure 84. Demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 85. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling.
Figure 86. Applications of graphene in adhesives.
Figure 87. Applications roadmap for graphene in adhesives.
Figure 88. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 89. Graphene Adhesives.
Figure 90. Applications of graphene in aerospace.
Figure 91. Applications roadmap for graphene in aerospace.
Figure 92. Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 93. Orbex Prime rocket.
Figure 94: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container.
Figure 95: Graphene aircraft.
Figure 96. Summary of graphene in automobiles.
Figure 97. Applications of graphene in automotive.
Figure 98. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 99. Supercar incorporating graphene.
Figure 100. Graphene anti-corrosion primer.
Figure 101. Graphene-R Brake pads.
Figure 102. Antistatic graphene tire.
Figure 103. Graphene engine oil additives.
Figure 104. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.
Figure 105. Applications roadmap for graphene in construction.
Figure 106. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 107. Graphene asphalt additives.
Figure 108. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus.
Figure 109. Applications roadmap for graphene in memory devices.
Figure 110. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033.
Figure 111. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM).
Figure 112. Applications of graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 113. Applications roadmap for graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 114. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 115. Graphene-based E-skin patch.
Figure 116. Applications of graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Figure 117. Applications roadmap for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Figure 118. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc.
Figure 119. Demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 120. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing.
Figure 121. Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel.
Figure 122. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 123. BioStamp nPoint.
Figure 124. Applications of graphene in lighting.
Figure 125. Applications roadmap for graphene in lighting.
Figure 126. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033.
Figure 127. Graphene LED bulbs.
Figure 128. Applications of graphene in lubricants.
Figure 129. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 130. Tricolit spray coating.
Figure 131. Graphenoil products.
Figure 132. Applications of graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 133. Applications roadmap for graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 134. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 135. Directa Plus Grafysorber.
Figure 136. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 137. Applications roadmap for graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 138. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 139. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating.
Figure 140. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate.
Figure 141. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint.
Figure 142. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand.
Figure 143. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings.
Figure 144. Schematic of graphene heat film.
Figure 145. Applications roadmap for graphene in photonics.
Figure 146. Applications of graphene in photonics.
Figure 147. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033.
Figure 148. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel.
Figure 149. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics.
Figure 150. Applications roadmap for graphene in in photovoltaics.
Figure 151. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 152. Graphene coated glass.
Figure 153. Applications of graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 154. Applications roadmap for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 155. Demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 156. Eagle F1 graphene tyre.
Figure 157. Graphene floor mats.
Figure 158. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire.
Figure 159. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Figure 160. Applications roadmap for graphene in textiles and apparel.
Figure 161. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 162. 878 Project One jacket display.
Figure 163. Colmar graphene ski jacket.
Figure 164. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing.
Figure 165. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey.
Figure 166. Inov-8 graphene shoes.
Figure 167. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM.
Figure 168. Graphene jacket.
Figure 169. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls.
Figure 170. Graphene heating films.
Figure 171. Graphene flake products.
Figure 172. AIKA Black-T.
Figure 173. Printed graphene biosensors.
Figure 174. Prototype of printed memory device.
Figure 175. Brain Scientific electrode schematic.
Figure 176. Graphene battery schematic.
Figure 177. Dotz Nano GQD products.
Figure 178. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.
Figure 179. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production.
Figure 180. Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 181. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.
Figure 182. Sensor surface.
Figure 183. BioStamp nPoint.
Figure 184. Nanotech Energy battery.
Figure 185. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.
Figure 186. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite.
Figure 187. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.
Figure 188. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.
Figure 189. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445.
Figure 190. Quantag GQDs and sensor.
Figure 191. The Sixth Element graphene products.
Figure 192. Thermal conductive graphene film.
Figure 193. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.
Figure 194. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO.
Figure 195. Structures of nanomaterials based on dimensions.
Figure 196. Schematic of 2-D materials.
Figure 197. Diagram of the mechanical exfoliation method.
Figure 198. Diagram of liquid exfoliation method
Figure 199. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.
Figure 200. BN nanosheet textiles application.
Figure 201. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx.
Figure 202. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs.
Figure 203. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
Figure 204. SEM image of MoS2.
Figure 205. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor.
Figure 206. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.
Figure 207. Borophene schematic.
Figure 208. Black phosphorus structure.
Figure 209. Black Phosphorus crystal.
Figure 210. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.
Figure 211: Graphitic carbon nitride.
Figure 212. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology.
Figure 213. Schematic of germanene.
Figure 214. Graphdiyne structure.
Figure 215. Schematic of Graphane crystal.
Figure 216. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide.
Figure 217. Silicene structure.
Figure 218. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.
Figure 219. Silicene transistor.
Figure 220. Crystal structure for stanene.
Figure 221. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111).
Figure 222. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe).
Figure 223. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor.
Figure 224. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.
Figure 1. Demand for graphene, by market, 2022.
Figure 2. Demand for graphene, 2018-2033, tons.
Figure 3. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons), conservative estimate.
Figure 4. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). Medium estimate.
Figure 5. Global graphene demand by market, 2018-2033 (tons). High estimate.
Figure 6. Demand for graphene in China, by market, 2022.
Figure 7. Demand for graphene in Asia-Pacific, by market, 2022.
Figure 8. Main graphene producers in Asia-Pacific.
Figure 9. Demand for graphene in North America, by market, 2022.
Figure 10. Demand for graphene in Europe, by market, 2022.
Figure 11. Graphene layer structure schematic.
Figure 12. Illustrative procedure of the Scotch-tape based micromechanical cleavage of HOPG.
Figure 13. Graphite and graphene.
Figure 14. Graphene and its descendants: top right: graphene; top left: graphite = stacked graphene; bottom right: nanotube=rolled graphene; bottom left: fullerene=wrapped graphene.
Figure 15. Types of CVD methods.
Figure 16. Schematic of the manufacture of GnPs starting from natural graphite.
Figure 17. Green-fluorescing graphene quantum dots.
Figure 18. Schematic of (a) CQDs and (c) GQDs. HRTEM images of (b) C-dots and (d) GQDs showing combination of zigzag and armchair edges (positions marked as 1–4).
Figure 19. Graphene quantum dots.
Figure 20. Top-down and bottom-up graphene QD synthesis methods.
Figure 21. Revenues for graphene quantum dots 2019-2033, millions USD
Figure 20. Dotz Nano GQD products.
Figure 21. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.
Figure 22. Quantag GQDs and sensor.
Figure 22. Fabrication methods of graphene.
Figure 23. TEM micrographs of: A) HR-CNFs; B) GANF® HR-CNF, it can be observed its high graphitic structure; C) Unraveled ribbon from the HR-CNF; D) Detail of the ribbon; E) Scheme of the structure of the HR-CNFs; F) Large single graphene oxide sheets derived from GANF.
Figure 24. (a) Graphene powder production line The Sixth Element Materials Technology Co. Ltd. (b) Graphene film production line of Wuxi Graphene Films Co. Ltd.
Figure 25. Schematic illustration of the main graphene production methods.
Figure 26. Published patent publications for graphene, 2004-2019.
Figure 28. CVD Graphene on Cu Foil.
Figure 29. Annual cobalt demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031.
Figure 30. Annual lithium demand for electric vehicle batteries to 2031.
Figure 31. Costs of batteries to 2031.
Figure 32. Applications of graphene in batteries.
Figure 33. Applications roadmap for graphene in batteries.
Figure 34. Demand for graphene in batteries (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 35. Apollo Traveler graphene-enhanced USB-C / A fast charging power bank.
Figure 36. Exide Graphene Lead Acid Battery.
Figure 37. 6000mAh Portable graphene batteries.
Figure 38. Real Graphene Powerbank.
Figure 39. Graphene Functional Films - UniTran EH/FH.
Figure 40. Applications of graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 41. Applications roadmap for graphene in supercapacitors.
Figure 42. Demand for graphene in supercapacitors (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 43. KEPCO’s graphene supercapacitors.
Figure 44. Skeleton Technologies supercapacitor.
Figure 45. Zapgo supercapacitor phone charger.
Figure 46. Applications roadmap for graphene in polymer composites.
Figure 47. Applications of graphene in composites.
Figure 48. Demand for graphene in composites (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 49. Graphene bike.
Figure 50. Graphene lacrosse equipment.
Figure 51. Graphene-based suitcase made from recycled plastic.
Figure 52. Aros Create.
Figure 53. Grays graphene hockey sticks.
Figure 54. Graphene-based sensors for health monitoring.
Figure 55. Applications of graphene in sensors.
Figure 56. Applications roadmap for graphene in sensors.
Figure 57. Demand for graphene in sensors (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 58. AGILE R100 system.
Figure 59. Graphene fully packaged linear array detector.
Figure 60. GFET sensors.
Figure 61. Graphene is used to increase sensitivity to middle-infrared light.
Figure 62. Applications roadmap for graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 63. Applications of graphene in conductive inks.
Figure 64. Demand for graphene in conductive ink (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 65. BGT Materials graphene ink product.
Figure 66. Printed graphene conductive ink.
Figure 67. Textiles covered in conductive graphene ink.
Figure 68. Applications roadmap for graphene in transparent conductive films and displays.
Figure 69. Demand for graphene in transparent conductive films, 2018-2033.
Figure 70. Moxi flexible film developed for smartphone application.
Figure 71. Applications of graphene transistors.
Figure 72. Applications roadmap for graphene transistors.
Figure 73. Demand for graphene in transistors and integrated circuits, 2018-2033.
Figure 74. Graphene IC in wafer tester.
Figure 75. Schematic cross-section of a graphene based transistor (GBT, left) and a graphene field-effect transistor (GFET, right).
Figure 76. Applications of graphene in filtration membranes.
Figure 77. Applications roadmap for graphene filtration membranes.
Figure 78. Demand for graphene in filtration (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 79. Graphene anti-smog mask.
Figure 80. Graphene filtration membrane.
Figure 81. Graphene water filer cartridge.
Figure 82. Applications of graphene in additive manufacturing
Figure 83. Applications roadmap for graphene in additive manufacturing.
Figure 84. Demand for graphene in additive manufacturing (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 85. CNCTArch lightweight mounting for digital signalling.
Figure 86. Applications of graphene in adhesives.
Figure 87. Applications roadmap for graphene in adhesives.
Figure 88. Demand for graphene in adhesives (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 89. Graphene Adhesives.
Figure 90. Applications of graphene in aerospace.
Figure 91. Applications roadmap for graphene in aerospace.
Figure 92. Demand for graphene in aerospace (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 93. Orbex Prime rocket.
Figure 94: Graphene enhanced aircraft cargo container.
Figure 95: Graphene aircraft.
Figure 96. Summary of graphene in automobiles.
Figure 97. Applications of graphene in automotive.
Figure 98. Demand for graphene in automotive (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 99. Supercar incorporating graphene.
Figure 100. Graphene anti-corrosion primer.
Figure 101. Graphene-R Brake pads.
Figure 102. Antistatic graphene tire.
Figure 103. Graphene engine oil additives.
Figure 104. Comparison of nanofillers with supplementary cementitious materials and aggregates in concrete.
Figure 105. Applications roadmap for graphene in construction.
Figure 106. Demand for graphene in construction (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 107. Graphene asphalt additives.
Figure 108. OG (Original Graphene) Concrete Admix Plus.
Figure 109. Applications roadmap for graphene in memory devices.
Figure 110. Demand for graphene in memory devices, 2018-2033.
Figure 111. Layered structure of tantalum oxide, multilayer graphene and platinum used for resistive random-access memory (RRAM).
Figure 112. Applications of graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 113. Applications roadmap for graphene in fuel cells.
Figure 114. Demand for graphene in fuel cells (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 115. Graphene-based E-skin patch.
Figure 116. Applications of graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Figure 117. Applications roadmap for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare.
Figure 118. Flexible and transparent bracelet that uses graphene to measure heart rate, respiration rate etc.
Figure 119. Demand for graphene in biomedicine and healthcare (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 120. Graphene medical biosensors for wound healing.
Figure 121. Graphene Frontiers’ Six™ chemical sensors consists of a field effect transistor (FET) with a graphene channel. Receptor molecules, such as DNA, are attached directly to the graphene channel.
Figure 122. GraphWear wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 123. BioStamp nPoint.
Figure 124. Applications of graphene in lighting.
Figure 125. Applications roadmap for graphene in lighting.
Figure 126. Demand for graphene in lighting, 2018-2033.
Figure 127. Graphene LED bulbs.
Figure 128. Applications of graphene in lubricants.
Figure 129. Demand for graphene in lubricants (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 130. Tricolit spray coating.
Figure 131. Graphenoil products.
Figure 132. Applications of graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 133. Applications roadmap for graphene in oil and gas.
Figure 134. Demand for graphene in oil and gas (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 135. Directa Plus Grafysorber.
Figure 136. Applications of graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 137. Applications roadmap for graphene in paints and coatings.
Figure 138. Demand for graphene in paints and coatings (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 139. Cryorig CPU cooling system with graphene coating.
Figure 140. Four layers of graphene oxide coatings on polycarbonate.
Figure 141. 23303 ZINCTON GNC graphene paint.
Figure 142. Graphene-enhanced anti-corrosion aerosols under their Hycote brand.
Figure 143. Scania Truck head lamp brackets ACT chamber 6 weeks, equivalent to 3y field use. Piece treated with GO to the left together with different non-GO coatings.
Figure 144. Schematic of graphene heat film.
Figure 145. Applications roadmap for graphene in photonics.
Figure 146. Applications of graphene in photonics.
Figure 147. Demand for graphene in photonics, 2018-2033.
Figure 148. All-graphene optical communication link demonstrator operating at a data rate of 25 Gb/s per channel.
Figure 149. Applications of graphene in photovoltaics.
Figure 150. Applications roadmap for graphene in in photovoltaics.
Figure 151. Demand for graphene in photovoltaics (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 152. Graphene coated glass.
Figure 153. Applications of graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 154. Applications roadmap for graphene in rubber and tyres.
Figure 155. Demand for graphene in rubber and tyres (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 156. Eagle F1 graphene tyre.
Figure 157. Graphene floor mats.
Figure 158. Vittoria Corsa G+ tire.
Figure 159. Applications of graphene in smart textiles and apparel.
Figure 160. Applications roadmap for graphene in textiles and apparel.
Figure 161. Demand for graphene in textiles (tons), 2018-2033.
Figure 162. 878 Project One jacket display.
Figure 163. Colmar graphene ski jacket.
Figure 164. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer’s breathing.
Figure 165. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey.
Figure 166. Inov-8 graphene shoes.
Figure 167. Graphene Functional Membranes - UniTran GM.
Figure 168. Graphene jacket.
Figure 169. Callaway Chrome Soft golf and Chrome Soft X golf balls.
Figure 170. Graphene heating films.
Figure 171. Graphene flake products.
Figure 172. AIKA Black-T.
Figure 173. Printed graphene biosensors.
Figure 174. Prototype of printed memory device.
Figure 175. Brain Scientific electrode schematic.
Figure 176. Graphene battery schematic.
Figure 177. Dotz Nano GQD products.
Figure 178. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.
Figure 179. Proprietary atmospheric CVD production.
Figure 180. Wearable sweat sensor.
Figure 181. InP/ZnS, perovskite quantum dots and silicon resin composite under UV illumination.
Figure 182. Sensor surface.
Figure 183. BioStamp nPoint.
Figure 184. Nanotech Energy battery.
Figure 185. Hybrid battery powered electrical motorbike concept.
Figure 186. NAWAStitch integrated into carbon fiber composite.
Figure 187. Schematic illustration of three-chamber system for SWCNH production.
Figure 188. TEM images of carbon nanobrush.
Figure 189. Test performance after 6 weeks ACT II according to Scania STD4445.
Figure 190. Quantag GQDs and sensor.
Figure 191. The Sixth Element graphene products.
Figure 192. Thermal conductive graphene film.
Figure 193. Talcoat graphene mixed with paint.
Figure 194. T-FORCE CARDEA ZERO.
Figure 195. Structures of nanomaterials based on dimensions.
Figure 196. Schematic of 2-D materials.
Figure 197. Diagram of the mechanical exfoliation method.
Figure 198. Diagram of liquid exfoliation method
Figure 199. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride.
Figure 200. BN nanosheet textiles application.
Figure 201. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx.
Figure 202. Types and applications of 2D TMDCs.
Figure 203. Left: Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2). Right: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2)
Figure 204. SEM image of MoS2.
Figure 205. Atomic force microscopy image of a representative MoS2 thin-film transistor.
Figure 206. Schematic of the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin-film sensor with the deposited molecules that create additional charge.
Figure 207. Borophene schematic.
Figure 208. Black phosphorus structure.
Figure 209. Black Phosphorus crystal.
Figure 210. Bottom gated flexible few-layer phosphorene transistors with the hydrophobic dielectric encapsulation.
Figure 211: Graphitic carbon nitride.
Figure 212. Structural difference between graphene and C2N-h2D crystal: (a) graphene; (b) C2N-h2D crystal. Credit: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology.
Figure 213. Schematic of germanene.
Figure 214. Graphdiyne structure.
Figure 215. Schematic of Graphane crystal.
Figure 216. Schematic of a monolayer of rhenium disulfide.
Figure 217. Silicene structure.
Figure 218. Monolayer silicene on a silver (111) substrate.
Figure 219. Silicene transistor.
Figure 220. Crystal structure for stanene.
Figure 221. Atomic structure model for the 2D stanene on Bi2Te3(111).
Figure 222. Schematic of Indium Selenide (InSe).
Figure 223. Application of Li-Al LDH as CO2 sensor.
Figure 224. Graphene-based membrane dehumidification test cell.
