Global Galvanic Isolation Market Research Report 2021-2025
The galvanic isolation is a device that is used for the designing of a solution that helps in isolating the sections of the electrical systems that are functional; this, in turn, helps in eliminating the electric current that is stray. In the context of China-US trade war and global economic volatility and uncertainty, it will have a big influence on this market. Galvanic Isolation Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2025 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Galvanic Isolation market is valued at USD XX million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2021 to 2025.
The report firstly introduced the Galvanic Isolation basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Broadcom
ROHM Semiconductor
Infineon Technologies
Pepper+Fuchs
Corrpro Companies
STMicroelectronics
Perle Systems Europe
Professional Mariner
Devices
Schneider Electric
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Voltage 2500Vrms
Voltage 2500Vrms
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Galvanic Isolation for each application, including-
Healthcare
Telecom
Manufacturing
In this report, the global Galvanic Isolation market is valued at USD XX million in 2021 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2021 to 2025.
The report firstly introduced the Galvanic Isolation basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
Broadcom
ROHM Semiconductor
Infineon Technologies
Pepper+Fuchs
Corrpro Companies
STMicroelectronics
Perle Systems Europe
Professional Mariner
Devices
Schneider Electric
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
Voltage 2500Vrms
Voltage 2500Vrms
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Galvanic Isolation for each application, including-
Healthcare
Telecom
Manufacturing
PART I GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Galvanic Isolation Definition
1.2 Galvanic Isolation Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Galvanic Isolation Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Galvanic Isolation Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Galvanic Isolation Application Analysis
1.3.1 Galvanic Isolation Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Galvanic Isolation Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Galvanic Isolation Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Galvanic Isolation Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Galvanic Isolation Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Galvanic Isolation Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Galvanic Isolation Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Galvanic Isolation Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Galvanic Isolation Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Galvanic Isolation Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Galvanic Isolation Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Galvanic Isolation Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO GALVANIC ISOLATION UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Galvanic Isolation Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Galvanic Isolation Product Development History
3.2 Asia Galvanic Isolation Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Galvanic Isolation Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2016-2021 ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
4.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
4.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
4.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
6.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
6.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
6.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Galvanic Isolation Product Development History
7.2 North American Galvanic Isolation Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Galvanic Isolation Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2016-2021 NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
8.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
8.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
8.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
10.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
10.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
10.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Galvanic Isolation Product Development History
11.2 Europe Galvanic Isolation Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Galvanic Isolation Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2016-2021 EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
12.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
12.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
12.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
14.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
14.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
14.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Galvanic Isolation Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Galvanic Isolation Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Galvanic Isolation Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN GALVANIC ISOLATION NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Galvanic Isolation Market Analysis
17.2 Galvanic Isolation Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Galvanic Isolation New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2016-2021 GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
18.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
18.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
18.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
19.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
19.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
19.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Galvanic Isolation Definition
1.2 Galvanic Isolation Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Galvanic Isolation Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Galvanic Isolation Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Galvanic Isolation Application Analysis
1.3.1 Galvanic Isolation Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Galvanic Isolation Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Galvanic Isolation Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Galvanic Isolation Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Galvanic Isolation Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Galvanic Isolation Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Galvanic Isolation Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Galvanic Isolation Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Galvanic Isolation Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Galvanic Isolation Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Galvanic Isolation Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Galvanic Isolation Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO GALVANIC ISOLATION UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Galvanic Isolation Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Galvanic Isolation Product Development History
3.2 Asia Galvanic Isolation Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Galvanic Isolation Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2016-2021 ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
4.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
4.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
4.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
6.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
6.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
6.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Galvanic Isolation Product Development History
7.2 North American Galvanic Isolation Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Galvanic Isolation Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2016-2021 NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
8.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
8.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
8.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
10.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
10.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
10.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Galvanic Isolation Product Development History
11.2 Europe Galvanic Isolation Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Galvanic Isolation Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2016-2021 EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
12.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
12.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
12.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
14.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
14.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
14.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN GALVANIC ISOLATION MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Galvanic Isolation Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Galvanic Isolation Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Galvanic Isolation Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN GALVANIC ISOLATION NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Galvanic Isolation Market Analysis
17.2 Galvanic Isolation Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Galvanic Isolation New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2016-2021 GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
18.2 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
18.4 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
18.6 2016-2021 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Overview
19.2 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Demand Overview
19.4 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Import Export Consumption
19.6 2021-2025 Galvanic Isolation Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL GALVANIC ISOLATION INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
