The Global Critical Raw Materials Recovery Market 2025-2040

September 2024 | 393 pages | ID: GCBED20BF460EN
Future Markets, Inc.

Abstracts

The Critical Raw Materials (CRM) Recovery market is experiencing significant growth and transformation as the world shifts towards cleaner technologies and a circular economy. The market focuses on the extraction and recycling of materials deemed critical for advanced technologies, particularly those essential for the clean energy transition and digital revolution. Key drivers of the CRM Recovery market include:

• ncreasing demand for clean energy technologies like electric vehicles, wind turbines, and solar panels, which require substantial amounts of CRMs.
• Growing awareness of supply chain vulnerabilities and the need for resource security, especially given the geographic concentration of many CRM sources.
• Regulatory pressures promoting recycling and sustainable resource use, such as the EU's Critical Raw Materials Act.
• Advancements in recycling technologies making CRM recovery more economically viable.

The market encompasses various materials, including rare earth elements, lithium, cobalt, platinum group metals, and others. Major sources for recovery include:

• End-of-life products (e-waste, spent batteries, catalytic converters)
• Industrial production scrap
• Urban mining initiatives
• Landfill mining projects

Key technologies in the CRM Recovery market include hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, bioleaching, and direct recycling methods. The choice of technology depends on the specific materials being recovered and the source. The CRM Recovery market is poised for substantial growth as it plays a crucial role in enabling the transition to a more sustainable and resilient global economy. The market is attracting increased investment and seeing the entry of both established players and innovative start-ups, driving technological advancements and expanding recovery capabilities. This comprehensive market research report provides an in-depth analysis of the global critical raw materials market from 2025 to 2040. Report contents include:

• Detailed market size forecasts in both volume (ktonnes) and value (USD billions) from 2025-2040
• Segmentation by material type, recovery source, and geographic region
• Analysis of 15+ critical materials including rare earth elements, lithium, cobalt, platinum group metals, and more
• Evaluation of primary and secondary (recycled) material sources
• Assessment of extraction and recovery technologies
• Profiles of 155+ key players in the CRM industry. Companies profiled include ACCUREC-Recycling GmbH, Ascend Elements, BANiQL, BASF, Ceibo, Cirba Solutions, Cyclic Materials, Enim, Heraeus Remloy, HyProMag, JPM Silicon GmbH, Librec AG, MagREEsource, NeoMetals, Noveon Magnetics, Phoenix Tailings, Posco, REEtec, Rivalia Chemical, SiTration, Sumitomo and Summit Nanotech.
• Global supply and trade dynamics for CRMs
• The circular economy and sustainable use of CRMs
• Critical and strategic materials used in the energy transition
• CRM Recovery in Semiconductors and Electronics: Types of CRMs found in e-waste; Concentration and value of CRMs in e-waste; Collection, sorting, and pre-processing technologies; Metal recovery technologies like pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biometallurgy; Market forecasts for CRM recovery from electronics 2025-2040.
• CRM Recovery in Lithium-ion Batteries: Li-ion battery recycling value chain; Recycling processes for different cathode chemistries; Comparison of recycling techniques (hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, direct recycling); Economic factors in battery recycling; Market forecasts for CRM recovery from batteries 2025-2040.
• Rare Earth Elements Recovery: REE recovery technologies; Comparison of recovery methods; REE recycling markets and players; Forecasts for REE recovery 2025-2040.
• Platinum Group Metals Recovery: PGM recovery from automotive catalysts; PGM recovery from fuel cells and electrolyzers; PGM recycling markets; Forecasts for PGM recovery 2025-2040

Critical raw materials are essential enablers of the clean energy transition and next-generation technologies. However, they face supply risks, price volatility, and sustainability concerns. This report provides businesses, investors, and policymakers with crucial intelligence on the rapidly evolving CRM market landscape.

Key questions answered include:

• What are the supply and demand projections for key CRMs through 2040?
• Which recovery technologies and sources will see the highest growth?
• How will recycling and urban mining impact primary CRM production?
• What are the economic factors driving CRM recovery from end-of-life products?
• Which geographic markets offer the greatest opportunities for CRM recovery?
• Who are the key players across the CRM value chain?
• What regulatory and sustainability trends will shape the market?

With detailed forecasts, technology assessments, and competitive analysis, this report offers an essential tool for strategy formulation in the critical materials sector. The shift towards clean energy and electrification is creating major market opportunities in CRM recovery and recycling. This comprehensive study provides the market intelligence needed to capitalize on the growing demand for sustainably-sourced critical raw materials.

Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.1 Definition and Importance of Critical Raw Materials
1.2 E-Waste as a Source of Critical Raw Materials
1.3 Electrification, Renewable and Clean Technologies
1.4 Regulatory Landscape
  1.4.1 European Union
  1.4.2 United States
  1.4.3 China
  1.4.4 Japan
  1.4.5 Australia
  1.4.6 Canada
  1.4.7 India
  1.4.8 South Korea
  1.4.9 Brazil
  1.4.10 Russia
  1.4.11 Global Initiatives
1.5 Key Market Drivers and Restraints
1.6 The Global Critical Raw Materials Market in 2024
1.7 Critical Material Extraction Technology
  1.7.1 Recovery of critical materials from secondary sources (e.g., end-of-life products, industrial waste)
  1.7.2 Critical rare-earth element recovery from secondary sources
  1.7.3 Li-ion battery technology metal recovery
  1.7.4 Critical semiconductor materials recovery
  1.7.5 Critical semiconductor materials recovery
  1.7.6 Critical platinum group metal recovery
  1.7.7 Critical platinum Group metal recovery
1.8 Critical Raw Materials Value Chain
1.9 The Economic Case for Critical Raw Materials Recovery
1.10 Price Trends for Key Recovered Materials (2020-2024)
1.11 Global market forecasts
  1.11.1 By Material Type (2025-2040)
  1.11.2 By Recovery Source (2025-2040)
  1.11.3 By Region (2025-2040)

2 INTRODUCTION

2.1 Critical Raw Materials
2.2 Global situation in supply and trade
2.3 Circular economy
  2.3.1 Circular use of critical raw materials
2.4 Critical and strategic raw materials used in the energy transition
  2.4.1 Greening critical metals
2.5 Metals and minerals processed and extracted
  2.5.1 Copper
    2.5.1.1 Global copper demand and trends
    2.5.1.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.1.3 Copper extraction and recovery
  2.5.2 Nickel
    2.5.2.1 Global nickel demand and trends
    2.5.2.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.2.3 Nickel extraction and recovery
  2.5.3 Cobalt
    2.5.3.1 Global cobalt demand and trends
    2.5.3.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.3.3 Cobalt extraction and recovery
  2.5.4 Rare Earth Elements (REE)
    2.5.4.1 Global Rare Earth Elements demand and trends
    2.5.4.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.4.3 Rare Earth Elements extraction and recovery
    2.5.4.4 Recovery of REEs from secondary resources
  2.5.5 Lithium
    2.5.5.1 Global lithium demand and trends
    2.5.5.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.5.3 Lithium extraction and recovery
  2.5.6 Gold
    2.5.6.1 Global gold demand and trends
    2.5.6.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.6.3 Gold extraction and recovery
  2.5.7 Uranium
    2.5.7.1 Global uranium demand and trends
    2.5.7.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.7.3 Uranium extraction and recovery
  2.5.8 Zinc
    2.5.8.1 Global Zinc demand and trends
    2.5.8.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.8.3 Zinc extraction and recovery
  2.5.9 Manganese
    2.5.9.1 Global manganese demand and trends
    2.5.9.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.9.3 Manganese extraction and recovery
  2.5.10 Tantalum
    2.5.10.1 Global tantalum demand and trends
    2.5.10.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.10.3 Tantalum extraction and recovery
  2.5.11 Niobium
    2.5.11.1 Global niobium demand and trends
    2.5.11.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.11.3 Niobium extraction and recovery
  2.5.12 Indium
    2.5.12.1 Global indium demand and trends
    2.5.12.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.12.3 Indium extraction and recovery
  2.5.13 Gallium
    2.5.13.1 Global gallium demand and trends
    2.5.13.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.13.3 Gallium extraction and recovery
  2.5.14 Germanium
    2.5.14.1 Global germanium demand and trends
    2.5.14.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.14.3 Germanium extraction and recovery
  2.5.15 Antimony
    2.5.15.1 Global antimony demand and trends
    2.5.15.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.15.3 Antimony extraction and recovery
  2.5.16 Scandium
    2.5.16.1 Global scandium demand and trends
    2.5.16.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.16.3 Scandium extraction and recovery
  2.5.17 Graphite
    2.5.17.1 Global graphite demand and trends
    2.5.17.2 Markets and applications
    2.5.17.3 Graphite extraction and recovery
2.6 Recovery sources
  2.6.1 Primary sources
  2.6.2 Secondary sources
    2.6.2.1 Extraction
      2.6.2.1.1 Hydrometallurgical extraction
        2.6.2.1.1.1 Overview
        2.6.2.1.1.2 Lixiviants
        2.6.2.1.1.3 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.1.2 Pyrometallurgical extraction
        2.6.2.1.2.1 Overview
        2.6.2.1.2.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.1.3 Biometallurgy
        2.6.2.1.3.1 Overview
        2.6.2.1.3.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.1.4 Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents
        2.6.2.1.4.1 Overview
        2.6.2.1.4.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.1.5 Electroleaching extraction
        2.6.2.1.5.1 Overview
        2.6.2.1.5.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.1.6 Supercritical fluid extraction
        2.6.2.1.6.1 Overview
        2.6.2.1.6.2 SWOT analysis
    2.6.2.2 Recovery
      2.6.2.2.1 Solvent extraction
        2.6.2.2.1.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.1.2 Rare-Earth Element Recovery
        2.6.2.2.1.3 WOT analysis
      2.6.2.2.2 Ion exchange recovery
        2.6.2.2.2.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.2.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.2.3 Ionic liquid (IL) and deep eutectic solvent (DES) recovery
        2.6.2.2.3.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.3.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.2.4 Precipitation
        2.6.2.2.4.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.4.2 Coagulation and flocculation
        2.6.2.2.4.3 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.2.5 Biosorption
        2.6.2.2.5.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.5.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.2.6 Electrowinning
        2.6.2.2.6.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.6.2 SWOT analysis
      2.6.2.2.7 Direct materials recovery
        2.6.2.2.7.1 Overview
        2.6.2.2.7.2 Rare-earth Oxide (REO) Processing Using Molten Salt Electrolysis
        2.6.2.2.7.3 Rare-earth Magnet Recycling by Hydrogen Decrepitation
        2.6.2.2.7.4 Direct Recycling of Li-ion Battery Cathodes by Sintering
        2.6.2.2.7.5 SWOT analysis

3 CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS RECOVERY IN SEMICONDUCTORS

3.1 Critical semiconductor materials
3.2 Electronic waste (e-waste)
  3.2.1 Types of Critical Raw Materials found in E-Waste
3.3 Photovoltaic and solar technologies
  3.3.1 Common types of PV panels and their critical semiconductor components
  3.3.2 Silicon Recovery Technology for Crystalline-Si PVs
  3.3.3 Tellurium Recovery from CdTe Thin-Film Photovoltaics
  3.3.4 Solar Panel Manufacturers and Recovery Rates
3.4 Concentration and value of Critical Raw Materials in E-Waste
3.5 Applications and Importance of Key Critical Raw Materials
3.6 Waste Recycling and Recovery Processes
3.7 Collection and Sorting Infrastructure
3.8 Pre-Processing Technologies
3.9 Metal Recovery Technologies
  3.9.1 Pyrometallurgy
  3.9.2 Hydrometallurgy
  3.9.3 Biometallurgy
  3.9.4 Supercritical Fluid Extraction
  3.9.5 Electrokinetic Separation
  3.9.6 Mechanochemical Processing
3.10 Global market 2025-2040
  3.10.1 Ktonnes
  3.10.2 Revenues
  3.10.3 Regional

4 CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS RECOVERY IN LI-ION BATTERIES

4.1 Critical Li-ion Battery Metals
4.2 Critical Li-ion Battery Technology Metal Recovery
4.3 Lithium-Ion Battery recycling value chain
4.4 Black mass powder
4.5 Recycling different cathode chemistries
4.6 Preparation
4.7 Pre-Treatment
  4.7.1 Discharging
  4.7.2 Mechanical Pre-Treatment
  4.7.3 Thermal Pre-Treatment
4.8 Comparison of recycling techniques
4.9 Hydrometallurgy
  4.9.1 Method overview
    4.9.1.1 Solvent extraction
  4.9.2 SWOT analysis
4.10 Pyrometallurgy
  4.10.1 Method overview
  4.10.2 SWOT analysis
4.11 Direct recycling
  4.11.1 Method overview
    4.11.1.1 Electrolyte separation
    4.11.1.2 Separating cathode and anode materials
    4.11.1.3 Binder removal
    4.11.1.4 Relithiation
    4.11.1.5 Cathode recovery and rejuvenation
    4.11.1.6 Hydrometallurgical-direct hybrid recycling
  4.11.2 SWOT analysis
4.12 Other methods
  4.12.1 Mechanochemical Pretreatment
  4.12.2 Electrochemical Method
  4.12.3 Ionic Liquids
4.13 Recycling of Specific Components
  4.13.1 Anode (Graphite)
  4.13.2 Cathode
  4.13.3 Electrolyte
4.14 Recycling of Beyond Li-ion Batteries
  4.14.1 Conventional vs Emerging Processes
  4.14.2 Li-Metal batteries
  4.14.3 Lithium sulfur batteries (Li–S)
  4.14.4 All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs)
4.15 Economic case for Li-ion battery recycling
  4.15.1 Metal prices
  4.15.2 Second-life energy storage
  4.15.3 LFP batteries
  4.15.4 Other components and materials
  4.15.5 Reducing costs
4.16 Competitive landscape
4.17 Global capacities, current and planned
4.18 Future outlook
4.19 Global market 2025-2040
  4.19.1 Chemistry
  4.19.2 Ktonnes
  4.19.3 Revenues
  4.19.4 Regional

5 CRITICAL RARE-EARTH ELEMENT RECOVERY

5.1 Introduction
5.2 Permanent magnet applications
5.3 Recovery technologies
  5.3.1 Long-loop and short-loop recovery methods
  5.3.2 Hydrogen decrepitation
  5.3.3 Powder metallurgy (PM)
  5.3.4 Long-loop magnet recycling
  5.3.5 Solvent Extraction
  5.3.6 Ion Exchange Resin Chromatography
  5.3.7 Electrolysis and Metallothermic Reduction
5.4 Markets
  5.4.1 Rare-earth magnet market
  5.4.2 Rare-earth magnet recovery technology
5.5 Global market 2025-2040
  5.5.1 Ktonnes
  5.5.2 Revenues

6 CRITICAL PLATINUM GROUP METAL RECOVERY

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Supply chain
6.3 Prices
6.4 PGM Recovery
6.5 PGM recovery from spent automotive catalysts
6.6 PGM recovery from hydrogen electrolyzers and fuel cells
  6.6.1 Green hydrogen market
  6.6.2 PGM recovery from hydrogen-related technologies
  6.6.3 Catalyst Coated Membranes (CCMs)
  6.6.4 Fuel cell catalysts
  6.6.5 Emerging technologies
    6.6.5.1 Microwave-assisted Leaching
    6.6.5.2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction
    6.6.5.3 Bioleaching
    6.6.5.4 Electrochemical Recovery
    6.6.5.5 Membrane Separation
    6.6.5.6 Ionic Liquids
    6.6.5.7 Photocatalytic Recovery
  6.6.6 Sustainability of the hydrogen economy
6.7 Markets
6.8 Global market 2025-2040
  6.8.1 Ktonnes
  6.8.2 Revenues

7 COMPANY PROFILES 271 (155 COMPANY PROFILES)

8 APPENDICES

8.1 Research Methodology
8.2 Glossary of Terms
8.3 12. List of Abbreviations

9 REFERENCES

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. 12. List of Key Critical Raw Materials and Their Primary Applications.
Table 2. Regulatory Landscape for Critical Raw Materials by Country/Region.
Table 3. Key Market Drivers and Restraints in Critical Raw Materials Recovery.
Table 4. Global Production of Critical Materials by Country (Top 10 Countries).
Table 5. Projected Demand for Critical Materials in Clean Energy Technologies (2024-2040).
Table 6. Value Proposition for Critical Material Extraction Technologies.
Table 7. Critical Material Extraction Methods Evaluated by Key Performance Metrics.
Table 8. Critical Rare-Earth Element Recovery Technologies from Secondary Sources.
Table 9. Li-ion Battery Technology Metal Recovery Methods-Metal, Recovery Method, Recovery Efficiency, Challenges, Environmental Impact, Economic Viability.
Table 10. Critical Semiconductor Materials Recovery-Material, Primary Source, Recovery Method, Recovery Efficiency, Challenges, Potential Applications.
Table 11. Critical Semiconductor Material Recovery from Secondary Sources.
Table 12. Critical Platinum Group Metal Recovery.
Table 13. Price Trends for Key Recovered Materials (2020-2024).
Table 14. Global critical raw materials recovery market by material types (2025-2040), by ktonnes.
Table 15. Global critical raw materials recovery market by material types (2025-2040), by value (Billions USD).
Table 16. Global critical raw materials recovery market by recovery source (2025-2040), in ktonnes.
Table 17. Global critical raw materials recovery market by recovery source (2025-2040), by value (Billions USD).
Table 18. Global critical raw materials recovery market by region (2025-2040), by ktonnes.
Table 19. Global critical raw materials recovery market by region (2025-2040), by value (Billions USD).
Table 20. Primary global suppliers of critical raw materials.
Table 21. Current contribution of recycling to meet global demand of CRMs.
Table 22. Applications and Importance of Key Critical Raw Materials.
Table 23. Comparison of Recovery Rates for Different Critical Materials.
Table 24. Markets and applications: copper.
Table 25. Technologies and Techniques for Copper Extraction and Recovery.
Table 26. Markets and applications: nickel.
Table 27. Technologies and Techniques for Nickel Extraction and Recovery.
Table 28. Markets and applications: cobalt.
Table 29. Technologies and Techniques for Cobalt Extraction and Recovery.
Table 30. Markets and applications: rare earth elements.
Table 31. Technologies and Techniques for Rare Earth Elements Extraction and Recovery.
Table 32. Markets and applications: lithium.
Table 33. Technologies and Techniques for Lithium Extraction and Recovery.
Table 34. Markets and applications: gold.
Table 35. Technologies and Techniques for Gold Extraction and Recovery.
Table 36. Markets and applications: uranium.
Table 37. Technologies and Techniques for Uranium Extraction and Recovery.
Table 38. Markets and applications: zinc.
Table 39. Zinc Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 40. Markets and applications: manganese.
Table 41. Manganese Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 42. Markets and applications: tantalum.
Table 43. Tantalum Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 44. Markets and applications: niobium.
Table 45. Niobium Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 46. Markets and applications: indium.
Table 47. Indium Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 48. Markets and applications: gallium.
Table 49. Gallium Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 50. Markets and applications: germanium.
Table 51. Germanium Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 52. Markets and applications: antimony.
Table 53. Antimony Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 54. Markets and applications: scandium.
Table 55. Scandium Extraction and Recovery Technologies.
Table 56. Graphite Markets and Applications.
Table 57. Graphite Extraction and Recovery Techniques and Technologies.
Table 58. Comparison of Primary vs Secondary Production for Key Materials.
Table 59. Environmental Impact Comparison: Primary vs Secondary Production.
Table 60. Technologies for critical material recovery from secondary sources.
Table 61. Technologies for critical raw material recovery from secondary sources.
Table 62. Critical raw material extraction technologies.
Table 63. Pyrometallurgical extraction methods.
Table 64. Bioleaching processes and their applicability to critical materials.
Table 65. Comparative analysis of metal recovery technologies.
Table 66. Technology readiness of critical material recovery technologies by secondary material sources.
Table 67. Technology readiness of critical semiconductor recovery technologies.
Table 68. Critical Semiconductors Applications and Recycling Rates.
Table 69. Types of critical raw Materials found in E-Waste.
Table 70. E-waste Generation and Recycling Rates.
Table 71. Critical Semiconductor Recovery from Photovoltaics.
Table 72. Solar Panel Manufacturers and Their Recycling Capabilities.
Table 73. Concentration and Value of Critical Raw Materials in E-waste.
Table 74. Critical Semiconductor Materials and Their Applications.
Table 75. Critical Materials Waste Recycling and Recovery Processes.
Table 76. Collection and Sorting Infrastructure for Critical Materials Recycling.
Table 77. Pre-Processing Technologies for Critical Materials Recycling.
Table 78. Global recovered critical raw electronics material, 2025-2040 (ktonnes).
Table 79. Global recovered critical raw electronics material market, 2025-2040 (billions USD).
Table 80. Recovered critical raw electronics material market, by region, 2025-2040 (ktonnes).
Table 81. Drivers for Recycling Li-ion Batteries.
Table 82. Li-ion Battery Metal Recovery Technologies.
Table 83. Li-ion battery recycling value chain.
Table 84. Typical lithium-ion battery recycling process flow.
Table 85. Main feedstock streams that can be recycled for lithium-ion batteries.
Table 86. Comparison of LIB recycling methods.
Table 87. Comparison of conventional and emerging processes for recycling beyond lithium-ion batteries.
Table 88. Economic assessment of battery recycling options.
Table 89. Retired lithium-batteries.
Table 90. Global capacities, current and planned (tonnes/year).
Table 91. Global lithium-ion battery recycling market in tonnes segmented by cathode chemistry, 2025-2040.
Table 92. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Table 93. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, 2025-2040 (billions USD).
Table 94. Li-ion battery recycling market, by region, 2025-2040 (ktonnes).
Table 95. Critical rare-earth elements markets and applications.
Table 96. Primary and Secondary Material Streams for Rare-Earth Element Recovery.
Table 97. Critical rare-earth element recovery technologies.
Table 98. Rare Earth Element Content in Secondary Material Sources.
Table 99. Comparison of Short-loop and Long-loop Rare Earth Recovery Methods.
Table 100. Long-loop Rare-Earth Magnet Recycling Technologies.
Table 101. Rare Earth Element Demand by Application.
Table 102. Global rare-earth magnet key players in a table
Table 103. Rare Earth Magnet Recycling Value Chain.
Table 104.Technology readiness of REE recovery technologies in a table
Table 105. Global recovered critical rare-earth element market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Table 106. Global recovered critical rare-earth element market, 2025-2040 (billions USD).
Table 107. Global PGM Demand Segmented by Application.
Table 108. Critical Platinum Group Metals: Applications and Recycling Rates.
Table 109. Technology Readiness of Critical PGM Recovery from Secondary Sources.
Table 110. Automotive Catalyst Recycling Players.
Table 111. Challenges in transitioning to new PEMEL catalysts and the role of PGM recycling in a table.
Table 112. Key Suppliers of Catalysts for Fuel Cells.
Table 113. Global recovered critical platinum group metal market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Table 114. Global recovered critical platinum group metal market, 2025-2040 (billions USD).
Table 115. Glossary of terms.
Table 116. 12. List of Abbreviations.

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. TRL of critical material extraction technologies.
Figure 2. Critical Raw Materials Value Chain.
Figure 3. Global critical raw materials recovery market by material types (2025-2040), by ktonnes.
Figure 4. Global critical raw materials recovery market by material types (2025-2040), by value (Billions USD).
Figure 5. Global critical raw materials recovery market by recovery source (2025-2040), by ktonnes.
Figure 6. Global critical raw materials recovery market by recovery source (2025-2040), by value.
Figure 7. Global critical raw materials recovery market by region (2025-2040), by ktonnes.
Figure 8. Global critical raw materials recovery market by region (2025-2040), by value (Billions USD).
Figure 9. Conceptual diagram illustrating the Circular Economy.
Figure 10. Circular Economy Model for Critical Materials.
Figure 11. Copper demand outlook.
Figure 12. Global nickel demand outlook.
Figure 13. Global cobalt demand outlook.
Figure 14. Global lithium demand outlook.
Figure 15. Global graphite demand outlook.
Figure 16. Solvent extraction (SX) in hydrometallurgy.
Figure 17. SWOT analysis: hydrometallurgical extraction.
Figure 18. SWOT analysis: pyrometallurgical extraction of critical materials.
Figure 19. SWOT analysis: biometallurgy for critical material extraction.
Figure 20. SWOT analysis: ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for critical material extraction.
Figure 21. SWOT analysis: electrochemical leaching for critical material extraction.
Figure 22. SWOT analysis: supercritical fluid extraction technology.
Figure 23. SWOT analysis: solvent extraction recovery technology.
Figure 24. SWOT analysis: ion exchange resin recovery technology.
Figure 25. SWOT analysis: ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for critical material recovery.
Figure 26. SWOT analysis: precipitation for critical material recovery.
Figure 27. SWOT analysis: biosorption for critical material recovery.
Figure 28. SWOT analysis: electrowinning for critical material recovery.
Figure 29. SWOT analysis: direct critical material recovery technology.
Figure 30. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, 2025-2040 (chemistry).
Figure 31. Global recovered critical raw electronics materials market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Figure 32. Global recovered critical raw electronics material market, 2025-2040 (Billion USD).
Figure 33. Recovered critical raw electronics material market, by region, 2025-2040 (ktonnes).
Figure 34. Typical direct, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical recycling methods for recovery of Li-ion battery active materials.
Figure 35. Mechanical separation flow diagram.
Figure 36. Recupyl mechanical separation flow diagram.
Figure 37. Flow chart of recycling processes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).
Figure 38. Hydrometallurgical recycling flow sheet.
Figure 39. SWOT analysis for Hydrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 40. Umicore recycling flow diagram.
Figure 41. SWOT analysis for Pyrometallurgy Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 42. Schematic of direct recyling process.
Figure 43. SWOT analysis for Direct Li-ion Battery Recycling.
Figure 44. Schematic diagram of a Li-metal battery.
Figure 45. Schematic diagram of Lithium–sulfur battery.
Figure 46. Schematic illustration of all-solid-state lithium battery.
Figure 47. Global scrapped EV (BEV+PHEV) forecast to 2040.
Figure 48. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, 2025-2040 (chemistry).
Figure 49. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Figure 50. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, 2025-2040 (Billion USD).
Figure 51. Global Li-ion battery recycling market, by region, 2025-2040 (ktonnes).
Figure 52. Global recovered critical rare-earth element market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Figure 53. Global recovered critical rare-earth element market, 2025-2040 (Billion USD).
Figure 54. Global recovered critical platinum group metal market, 2025-2040 (ktonnes)
Figure 55. Global recovered critical platinum group metal market, 2025-2040 (Billion USD).