Global Balsa Core Materials Market Research Report 2022-2026
In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. Balsa Core Materials Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2025 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global Balsa Core Materials market is valued at USD XX million in 2022 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2022 to 2026.
The report firstly introduced the Balsa Core Materials basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
3A Composites Core Materials
Carbon-Core Corporation
Gurit Holding AG
CoreLite, Inc.
Nord Compensati SRL
Diab Group
I-Core Composites, LLC
Sicomin Epoxy Systems
Adhesive Technologies NZ
Specialized Balsa Wood, LLC,
Bcomp Ltd.
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Balsa Core Materials for each application, including-
Construction
In this report, the global Balsa Core Materials market is valued at USD XX million in 2022 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2022 to 2026.
The report firstly introduced the Balsa Core Materials basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
3A Composites Core Materials
Carbon-Core Corporation
Gurit Holding AG
CoreLite, Inc.
Nord Compensati SRL
Diab Group
I-Core Composites, LLC
Sicomin Epoxy Systems
Adhesive Technologies NZ
Specialized Balsa Wood, LLC,
Bcomp Ltd.
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of Balsa Core Materials for each application, including-
Construction
PART I BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Balsa Core Materials Definition
1.2 Balsa Core Materials Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Balsa Core Materials Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Balsa Core Materials Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Balsa Core Materials Application Analysis
1.3.1 Balsa Core Materials Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Balsa Core Materials Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Balsa Core Materials Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Balsa Core Materials Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Balsa Core Materials Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Balsa Core Materials Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Balsa Core Materials Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Balsa Core Materials Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Balsa Core Materials Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Balsa Core Materials Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Balsa Core Materials Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Balsa Core Materials Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO BALSA CORE MATERIALS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Balsa Core Materials Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Balsa Core Materials Product Development History
3.2 Asia Balsa Core Materials Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Balsa Core Materials Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2017-2022 ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
4.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
4.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
4.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
6.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
6.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
6.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Balsa Core Materials Product Development History
7.2 North American Balsa Core Materials Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Balsa Core Materials Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2017-2022 NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
8.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
8.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
8.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
10.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
10.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
10.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Balsa Core Materials Product Development History
11.2 Europe Balsa Core Materials Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Balsa Core Materials Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2017-2022 EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
12.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
12.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
12.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
14.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
14.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
14.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Balsa Core Materials Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Balsa Core Materials Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Balsa Core Materials Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN BALSA CORE MATERIALS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Balsa Core Materials Market Analysis
17.2 Balsa Core Materials Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Balsa Core Materials New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2017-2022 GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
18.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
18.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
18.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
19.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
19.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
19.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 Balsa Core Materials Definition
1.2 Balsa Core Materials Classification Analysis
1.2.1 Balsa Core Materials Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 Balsa Core Materials Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 Balsa Core Materials Application Analysis
1.3.1 Balsa Core Materials Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 Balsa Core Materials Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 Balsa Core Materials Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 Balsa Core Materials Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 Balsa Core Materials Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 Balsa Core Materials Product Market Development Overview
1.6 Balsa Core Materials Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 Balsa Core Materials Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 Balsa Core Materials Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 Balsa Core Materials Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 Balsa Core Materials Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 Balsa Core Materials Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO BALSA CORE MATERIALS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Balsa Core Materials Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia Balsa Core Materials Product Development History
3.2 Asia Balsa Core Materials Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia Balsa Core Materials Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2017-2022 ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
4.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
4.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
4.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
6.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
6.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
6.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American Balsa Core Materials Product Development History
7.2 North American Balsa Core Materials Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American Balsa Core Materials Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2017-2022 NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
8.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
8.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
8.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
10.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
10.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
10.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe Balsa Core Materials Product Development History
11.2 Europe Balsa Core Materials Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe Balsa Core Materials Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2017-2022 EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
12.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
12.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
12.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
14.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
14.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
14.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN BALSA CORE MATERIALS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 Balsa Core Materials Marketing Channels Status
15.2 Balsa Core Materials Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 Balsa Core Materials Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN BALSA CORE MATERIALS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 Balsa Core Materials Market Analysis
17.2 Balsa Core Materials Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 Balsa Core Materials New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2017-2022 GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
18.2 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
18.4 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
18.6 2017-2022 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Overview
19.2 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Demand Overview
19.4 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Import Export Consumption
19.6 2022-2026 Balsa Core Materials Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL BALSA CORE MATERIALS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
