Global 3D Printing Plastics Market Research Report 2020-2024
In the context of China-US trade war and COVID-19 epidemic, it will have a big influence on this market. 3D Printing Plastics Report by Material, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast to 2023 is a professional and comprehensive research report on the world’s major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China).
In this report, the global 3D Printing Plastics market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the 3D Printing Plastics basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
3D Systems Corporation
Arkema Inc.
Envisiontec Inc.
SABIC
Materialse nv
HP INC.
Eos GmbH Electro Optical Systems
PolyOne Corporation
Royal DSM N.V.
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of 3D Printing Plastics for each application, including-
Automotive
Medical
In this report, the global 3D Printing Plastics market is valued at USD XX million in 2020 and is projected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2024, growing at a CAGR of XX% during the period 2020 to 2024.
The report firstly introduced the 3D Printing Plastics basics: definitions, classifications, applications and market overview; product specifications; manufacturing processes; cost structures, raw materials and so on. Then it analyzed the world’s main region market conditions, including the product price, profit, capacity, production, supply, demand and market growth rate and forecast etc. In the end, the report introduced new project SWOT analysis, investment feasibility analysis, and investment return analysis.
The major players profiled in this report include:
3D Systems Corporation
Arkema Inc.
Envisiontec Inc.
SABIC
Materialse nv
HP INC.
Eos GmbH Electro Optical Systems
PolyOne Corporation
Royal DSM N.V.
The end users/applications and product categories analysis:
On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume, revenue (Million USD), product price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into-
General Type
On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate of 3D Printing Plastics for each application, including-
Automotive
Medical
PART I 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
CHAPTER ONE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 3D Printing Plastics Definition
1.2 3D Printing Plastics Classification Analysis
1.2.1 3D Printing Plastics Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 3D Printing Plastics Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 3D Printing Plastics Application Analysis
1.3.1 3D Printing Plastics Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 3D Printing Plastics Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 3D Printing Plastics Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 3D Printing Plastics Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 3D Printing Plastics Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 3D Printing Plastics Product Market Development Overview
1.6 3D Printing Plastics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 3D Printing Plastics Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 3D Printing Plastics Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 3D Printing Plastics Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 3D Printing Plastics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 3D Printing Plastics Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO 3D PRINTING PLASTICS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of 3D Printing Plastics Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia 3D Printing Plastics Product Development History
3.2 Asia 3D Printing Plastics Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia 3D Printing Plastics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American 3D Printing Plastics Product Development History
7.2 North American 3D Printing Plastics Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American 3D Printing Plastics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe 3D Printing Plastics Product Development History
11.2 Europe 3D Printing Plastics Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe 3D Printing Plastics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 3D Printing Plastics Marketing Channels Status
15.2 3D Printing Plastics Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 3D Printing Plastics Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 3D Printing Plastics Market Analysis
17.2 3D Printing Plastics Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 3D Printing Plastics New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER ONE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY OVERVIEW
1.1 3D Printing Plastics Definition
1.2 3D Printing Plastics Classification Analysis
1.2.1 3D Printing Plastics Main Classification Analysis
1.2.2 3D Printing Plastics Main Classification Share Analysis
1.3 3D Printing Plastics Application Analysis
1.3.1 3D Printing Plastics Main Application Analysis
1.3.2 3D Printing Plastics Main Application Share Analysis
1.4 3D Printing Plastics Industry Chain Structure Analysis
1.5 3D Printing Plastics Industry Development Overview
1.5.1 3D Printing Plastics Product History Development Overview
1.5.1 3D Printing Plastics Product Market Development Overview
1.6 3D Printing Plastics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.1 3D Printing Plastics Global Import Market Analysis
1.6.2 3D Printing Plastics Global Export Market Analysis
1.6.3 3D Printing Plastics Global Main Region Market Analysis
1.6.4 3D Printing Plastics Global Market Comparison Analysis
1.6.5 3D Printing Plastics Global Market Development Trend Analysis
CHAPTER TWO 3D PRINTING PLASTICS UP AND DOWN STREAM INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Analysis
2.1.1 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost
2.1.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of 3D Printing Plastics Analysis
2.2 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.1 Down Stream Market Analysis
2.2.2 Down Stream Demand Analysis
2.2.3 Down Stream Market Trend Analysis
PART II ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER THREE ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKET ANALYSIS
3.1 Asia 3D Printing Plastics Product Development History
3.2 Asia 3D Printing Plastics Competitive Landscape Analysis
3.3 Asia 3D Printing Plastics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER FOUR 2015-2020 ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
4.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
4.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
4.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
4.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
4.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
4.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER FIVE ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
5.1 Company A
5.1.1 Company Profile
5.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.1.3 Product Application Analysis
5.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.1.5 Contact Information
5.2 Company B
5.2.1 Company Profile
5.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.2.3 Product Application Analysis
5.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.2.5 Contact Information
5.3 Company C
5.3.1 Company Profile
5.3.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.3.3 Product Application Analysis
5.3.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.3.5 Contact Information
5.4 Company D
5.4.1 Company Profile
5.4.2 Product Picture and Specification
5.4.3 Product Application Analysis
5.4.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
5.4.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER SIX ASIA 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
6.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
6.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
6.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
6.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
6.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
6.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART III NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER SEVEN NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKET ANALYSIS
7.1 North American 3D Printing Plastics Product Development History
7.2 North American 3D Printing Plastics Competitive Landscape Analysis
7.3 North American 3D Printing Plastics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER EIGHT 2015-2020 NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
8.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
8.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
8.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
8.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
8.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
8.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINE NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
9.1 Company A
9.1.1 Company Profile
9.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.1.3 Product Application Analysis
9.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.1.5 Contact Information
9.2 Company B
9.2.1 Company Profile
9.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
9.2.3 Product Application Analysis
9.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
9.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER TEN NORTH AMERICAN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
10.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
10.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
10.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
10.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
10.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
10.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART IV EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY ANALYSIS (THE REPORT COMPANY INCLUDING THE BELOW LISTED BUT NOT ALL)
CHAPTER ELEVEN EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKET ANALYSIS
11.1 Europe 3D Printing Plastics Product Development History
11.2 Europe 3D Printing Plastics Competitive Landscape Analysis
11.3 Europe 3D Printing Plastics Market Development Trend
CHAPTER TWELVE 2015-2020 EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
12.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
12.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
12.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
12.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
12.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
12.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER THIRTEEN EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS KEY MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS
13.1 Company A
13.1.1 Company Profile
13.1.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.1.3 Product Application Analysis
13.1.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.1.5 Contact Information
13.2 Company B
13.2.1 Company Profile
13.2.2 Product Picture and Specification
13.2.3 Product Application Analysis
13.2.4 Capacity Production Price Cost Production Value
13.2.5 Contact Information
CHAPTER FOURTEEN EUROPE 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
14.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
14.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
14.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
14.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
14.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
14.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
PART V 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKETING CHANNELS AND INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY
CHAPTER FIFTEEN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS MARKETING CHANNELS DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS ANALYSIS
15.1 3D Printing Plastics Marketing Channels Status
15.2 3D Printing Plastics Marketing Channels Characteristic
15.3 3D Printing Plastics Marketing Channels Development Trend
15.2 New Firms Enter Market Strategy
15.3 New Project Investment Proposals
CHAPTER SIXTEEN DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
16.1 China Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
16.2 European Economic Environmental Analysis
16.3 United States Economic Environmental Analysis
16.4 Japan Economic Environmental Analysis
16.5 Global Economic Environmental Analysis
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN 3D PRINTING PLASTICS NEW PROJECT INVESTMENT FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
17.1 3D Printing Plastics Market Analysis
17.2 3D Printing Plastics Project SWOT Analysis
17.3 3D Printing Plastics New Project Investment Feasibility Analysis
PART VI GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN 2015-2020 GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS PRODUCTIONS SUPPLY SALES DEMAND MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST
18.1 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
18.2 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
18.3 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
18.4 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
18.5 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
18.6 2015-2020 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER NINETEEN GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT TREND
19.1 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Overview
19.2 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Production Market Share Analysis
19.3 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Demand Overview
19.4 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Supply Demand and Shortage
19.5 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Import Export Consumption
19.6 2020-2024 3D Printing Plastics Cost Price Production Value Gross Margin
CHAPTER TWENTY GLOBAL 3D PRINTING PLASTICS INDUSTRY RESEARCH CONCLUSIONS
