GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose-India Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose-India Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole India and Regional Market Size of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India, with company and product introduction, position in the GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose market
Market status and development trend of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by types and applications
Cost and profit status of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose market as:
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North India
Northeast India
East India
South India
West India
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Purity (99.5 %+)
Purity (90%-99.5%)
Purity (50%-90%)
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Food Industry
Oil Drilling Industry
Detergent Industry
Paper Industry
Others
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
CP Kelco
Ashland
Akzo Nobel
Daicel
Quimica Amtex
Ugur Seluloz Kimya AS
DKS
Dow
Nippon Paper Industries
Lamberti
Lihong
Wealthy
ShenGuang
Yingte
Lude Chemical
Anqiu Eagle Cellulose
Xuzhou Liyuan
Fushixin
Maoyuan
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose-India Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole India and Regional Market Size of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India, with company and product introduction, position in the GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose market
Market status and development trend of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by types and applications
Cost and profit status of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose market as:
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North India
Northeast India
East India
South India
West India
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Purity (99.5 %+)
Purity (90%-99.5%)
Purity (50%-90%)
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Food Industry
Oil Drilling Industry
Detergent Industry
Paper Industry
Others
India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
CP Kelco
Ashland
Akzo Nobel
Daicel
Quimica Amtex
Ugur Seluloz Kimya AS
DKS
Dow
Nippon Paper Industries
Lamberti
Lihong
Wealthy
ShenGuang
Yingte
Lude Chemical
Anqiu Eagle Cellulose
Xuzhou Liyuan
Fushixin
Maoyuan
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
1.1 Definition of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
1.2.1 Purity (99.5 %+)
1.2.2 Purity (90%-99.5%)
1.2.3 Purity (50%-90%)
1.3 Downstream Application of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
1.3.1 Food Industry
1.3.2 Oil Drilling Industry
1.3.3 Detergent Industry
1.3.4 Paper Industry
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Development History of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
1.5 Market Status and Trend of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose 2013-2023
1.5.1 India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in North India 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Northeast India 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in East India 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in South India 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in West India 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India 2017-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India 2017-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Regions 2017-2023
CHAPTER 3 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole India Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Types
3.2 India Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North India
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast India
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East India
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in South India
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in West India
3.3 Market Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Types
CHAPTER 4 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in North India
4.2.2 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in Northeast India
4.2.3 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in East India
4.2.4 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in South India
4.2.5 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in West India
4.3 Market Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
5.1 India Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN INDIA
6.1 Sales Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 CP Kelco
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.1.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CP Kelco
7.2 Ashland
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.2.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ashland
7.3 Akzo Nobel
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.3.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Akzo Nobel
7.4 Daicel
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.4.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Daicel
7.5 Quimica Amtex
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.5.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Quimica Amtex
7.6 Ugur Seluloz Kimya AS
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.6.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ugur Seluloz Kimya AS
7.7 DKS
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.7.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of DKS
7.8 Dow
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.8.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Dow
7.9 Nippon Paper Industries
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.9.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nippon Paper Industries
7.10 Lamberti
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.10.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lamberti
7.11 Lihong
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.11.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lihong
7.12 Wealthy
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.12.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Wealthy
7.13 ShenGuang
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.13.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ShenGuang
7.14 Yingte
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.14.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Yingte
7.15 Lude Chemical
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.15.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lude Chemical
7.16 Anqiu Eagle Cellulose
7.17 Xuzhou Liyuan
7.18 Fushixin
7.19 Maoyuan
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
8.1 Industry Chain of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
1.2.1 Purity (99.5 %+)
1.2.2 Purity (90%-99.5%)
1.2.3 Purity (50%-90%)
1.3 Downstream Application of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
1.3.1 Food Industry
1.3.2 Oil Drilling Industry
1.3.3 Detergent Industry
1.3.4 Paper Industry
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Development History of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
1.5 Market Status and Trend of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose 2013-2023
1.5.1 India GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in North India 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in Northeast India 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in East India 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in South India 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in West India 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India 2017-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India 2017-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Regions 2017-2023
CHAPTER 3 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole India Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Types
3.2 India Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North India
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast India
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East India
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in South India
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in West India
3.3 Market Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Types
CHAPTER 4 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in North India
4.2.2 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in Northeast India
4.2.3 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in East India
4.2.4 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in South India
4.2.5 Demand Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Downstream Industry in West India
4.3 Market Forecast of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
5.1 India Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN INDIA
6.1 Sales Volume of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose in India by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 CP Kelco
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.1.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of CP Kelco
7.2 Ashland
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.2.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ashland
7.3 Akzo Nobel
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.3.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Akzo Nobel
7.4 Daicel
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.4.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Daicel
7.5 Quimica Amtex
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.5.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Quimica Amtex
7.6 Ugur Seluloz Kimya AS
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.6.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Ugur Seluloz Kimya AS
7.7 DKS
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.7.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of DKS
7.8 Dow
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.8.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Dow
7.9 Nippon Paper Industries
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.9.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Nippon Paper Industries
7.10 Lamberti
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.10.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lamberti
7.11 Lihong
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.11.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lihong
7.12 Wealthy
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.12.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Wealthy
7.13 ShenGuang
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.13.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of ShenGuang
7.14 Yingte
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.14.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Yingte
7.15 Lude Chemical
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Product
7.15.3 GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Lude Chemical
7.16 Anqiu Eagle Cellulose
7.17 Xuzhou Liyuan
7.18 Fushixin
7.19 Maoyuan
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
8.1 Industry Chain of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of GCC Carboxymethyl Cellulose
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF GCC CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
