Fracking Fluids and Chemicals-India Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023
Report Summary
Fracking Fluids and Chemicals-India Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Fracking Fluids and Chemicals industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole India and Regional Market Size of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India, with company and product introduction, position in the Fracking Fluids and Chemicals market
Market status and development trend of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals market as:
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North India
Northeast India
East India
South India
West India
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Gel Based Fluids and Chemicals
Foam Based Fluids and Chemicals
Water Based Fluids and Chemicals
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Horizontal Well
Vertical Well
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
The Dow Chemical
Schlumberger Limited
Exxon Mobil Corporation
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
Eog Resources Inc
FTS International
Weatherford International
Pioneer Natural Resources
Am Pacific Group
BASF SE
Dominion Energy, Inc
Marathon Oil Corporation
Economy Polymers & Chemicals
Nabors Industries
Trican Well Service Ltd
Cabot Oil & Gas Corp
Reagent Chemical and Research
Patterson-Uti Energy, Inc
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
Fracking Fluids and Chemicals-India Market Status and Trend Report 2013-2023 offers a comprehensive analysis on Fracking Fluids and Chemicals industry, standing on the readers? perspective, delivering detailed market data and penetrating insights. No matter the client is industry insider, potential entrant or investor, the report will provides useful data and information. Key questions answered by this report include:
Whole India and Regional Market Size of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals 2013-2017, and development forecast 2018-2023
Main market players of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India, with company and product introduction, position in the Fracking Fluids and Chemicals market
Market status and development trend of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by types and applications
Cost and profit status of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals, and marketing status
Market growth drivers and challenges
The report segments the India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals market as:
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Regional Segment Analysis (Regional Consumption Volume, Consumption Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate 2013-2023):
North India
Northeast India
East India
South India
West India
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Product Type Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume, Average Price, Revenue, Market Share and Trend 2013-2023):
Gel Based Fluids and Chemicals
Foam Based Fluids and Chemicals
Water Based Fluids and Chemicals
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Application Segment Analysis (Consumption Volume and Market Share 2013-2023; Downstream Customers and Market Analysis)
Horizontal Well
Vertical Well
India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market: Players Segment Analysis (Company and Product introduction, Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin):
The Dow Chemical
Schlumberger Limited
Exxon Mobil Corporation
Baker Hughes Incorporated
Halliburton Energy Services, Inc
Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
Eog Resources Inc
FTS International
Weatherford International
Pioneer Natural Resources
Am Pacific Group
BASF SE
Dominion Energy, Inc
Marathon Oil Corporation
Economy Polymers & Chemicals
Nabors Industries
Trican Well Service Ltd
Cabot Oil & Gas Corp
Reagent Chemical and Research
Patterson-Uti Energy, Inc
In a word, the report provides detailed statistics and analysis on the state of the industry; and is a valuable source of guidance and direction for companies and individuals interested in the market.
CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
1.1 Definition of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
1.2.1 Gel Based Fluids and Chemicals
1.2.2 Foam Based Fluids and Chemicals
1.2.3 Water Based Fluids and Chemicals
1.3 Downstream Application of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
1.3.1 Horizontal Well
1.3.2 Vertical Well
1.4 Development History of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals 2013-2023
1.5.1 India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in North India 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in Northeast India 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in East India 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in South India 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in West India 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India 2017-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India 2017-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Regions 2017-2023
CHAPTER 3 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole India Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Types
3.2 India Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North India
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast India
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East India
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in South India
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in West India
3.3 Market Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Types
CHAPTER 4 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in North India
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in Northeast India
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in East India
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in South India
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in West India
4.3 Market Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
5.1 India Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN INDIA
6.1 Sales Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 The Dow Chemical
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.1.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of The Dow Chemical
7.2 Schlumberger Limited
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.2.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Schlumberger Limited
7.3 Exxon Mobil Corporation
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.3.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Exxon Mobil Corporation
7.4 Baker Hughes Incorporated
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.4.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Baker Hughes Incorporated
7.5 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.5.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Halliburton Energy Services, Inc
7.6 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.6.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
7.7 Eog Resources Inc
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.7.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eog Resources Inc
7.8 FTS International
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.8.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FTS International
7.9 Weatherford International
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.9.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Weatherford International
7.10 Pioneer Natural Resources
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.10.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pioneer Natural Resources
7.11 Am Pacific Group
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.11.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Am Pacific Group
7.12 BASF SE
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.12.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BASF SE
7.13 Dominion Energy, Inc
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.13.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Dominion Energy, Inc
7.14 Marathon Oil Corporation
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.14.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Marathon Oil Corporation
7.15 Economy Polymers & Chemicals
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.15.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Economy Polymers & Chemicals
7.16 Nabors Industries
7.17 Trican Well Service Ltd
7.18 Cabot Oil & Gas Corp
7.19 Reagent Chemical and Research
7.20 Patterson-Uti Energy, Inc
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
8.1 Industry Chain of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
1.1 Definition of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in This Report
1.2 Commercial Types of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
1.2.1 Gel Based Fluids and Chemicals
1.2.2 Foam Based Fluids and Chemicals
1.2.3 Water Based Fluids and Chemicals
1.3 Downstream Application of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
1.3.1 Horizontal Well
1.3.2 Vertical Well
1.4 Development History of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
1.5 Market Status and Trend of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals 2013-2023
1.5.1 India Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
1.5.2 Regional Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Market Status and Trend 2013-2023
CHAPTER 2 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY REGIONS
2.1 Market Status of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India 2013-2017
2.2 Consumption Market of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.2.1 Consumption Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.2.2 Revenue of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.3 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Regions
2.3.1 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in North India 2013-2017
2.3.2 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in Northeast India 2013-2017
2.3.3 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in East India 2013-2017
2.3.4 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in South India 2013-2017
2.3.5 Market Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in West India 2013-2017
2.4 Market Development Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India 2017-2023
2.4.1 Market Development Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India 2017-2023
2.4.2 Market Development Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Regions 2017-2023
CHAPTER 3 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY TYPES
3.1 Whole India Market Status by Types
3.1.1 Consumption Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Types
3.1.2 Revenue of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Types
3.2 India Market Status by Types in Major Countries
3.2.1 Market Status by Types in North India
3.2.2 Market Status by Types in Northeast India
3.2.3 Market Status by Types in East India
3.2.4 Market Status by Types in South India
3.2.5 Market Status by Types in West India
3.3 Market Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Types
CHAPTER 4 INDIA MARKET STATUS AND FORECAST BY DOWNSTREAM INDUSTRY
4.1 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Downstream Industry
4.2 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in Major Countries
4.2.1 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in North India
4.2.2 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in Northeast India
4.2.3 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in East India
4.2.4 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in South India
4.2.5 Demand Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Downstream Industry in West India
4.3 Market Forecast of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Downstream Industry
CHAPTER 5 MARKET DRIVING FACTOR ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
5.1 India Economy Situation and Trend Overview
5.2 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Downstream Industry Situation and Trend Overview
CHAPTER 6 FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS MARKET COMPETITION STATUS BY MAJOR PLAYERS IN INDIA
6.1 Sales Volume of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Major Players
6.2 Revenue of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals in India by Major Players
6.3 Basic Information of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals by Major Players
6.3.1 Headquarters Location and Established Time of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Major Players
6.3.2 Employees and Revenue Level of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Major Players
6.4 Market Competition News and Trend
6.4.1 Merger, Consolidation or Acquisition News
6.4.2 Investment or Disinvestment News
6.4.3 New Product Development and Launch
CHAPTER 7 FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS MAJOR MANUFACTURERS INTRODUCTION AND MARKET DATA
7.1 The Dow Chemical
7.1.1 Company profile
7.1.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.1.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of The Dow Chemical
7.2 Schlumberger Limited
7.2.1 Company profile
7.2.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.2.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Schlumberger Limited
7.3 Exxon Mobil Corporation
7.3.1 Company profile
7.3.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.3.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Exxon Mobil Corporation
7.4 Baker Hughes Incorporated
7.4.1 Company profile
7.4.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.4.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Baker Hughes Incorporated
7.5 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc
7.5.1 Company profile
7.5.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.5.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Halliburton Energy Services, Inc
7.6 Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
7.6.1 Company profile
7.6.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.6.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Anadarko Petroleum Corporation
7.7 Eog Resources Inc
7.7.1 Company profile
7.7.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.7.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Eog Resources Inc
7.8 FTS International
7.8.1 Company profile
7.8.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.8.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of FTS International
7.9 Weatherford International
7.9.1 Company profile
7.9.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.9.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Weatherford International
7.10 Pioneer Natural Resources
7.10.1 Company profile
7.10.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.10.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Pioneer Natural Resources
7.11 Am Pacific Group
7.11.1 Company profile
7.11.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.11.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Am Pacific Group
7.12 BASF SE
7.12.1 Company profile
7.12.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.12.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of BASF SE
7.13 Dominion Energy, Inc
7.13.1 Company profile
7.13.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.13.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Dominion Energy, Inc
7.14 Marathon Oil Corporation
7.14.1 Company profile
7.14.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.14.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Marathon Oil Corporation
7.15 Economy Polymers & Chemicals
7.15.1 Company profile
7.15.2 Representative Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Product
7.15.3 Fracking Fluids and Chemicals Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin of Economy Polymers & Chemicals
7.16 Nabors Industries
7.17 Trican Well Service Ltd
7.18 Cabot Oil & Gas Corp
7.19 Reagent Chemical and Research
7.20 Patterson-Uti Energy, Inc
CHAPTER 8 UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM MARKET ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
8.1 Industry Chain of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
8.2 Upstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
8.3 Downstream Market and Representative Companies Analysis
CHAPTER 9 COST AND GROSS MARGIN ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
9.1 Cost Structure Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
9.2 Raw Materials Cost Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
9.3 Labor Cost Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
9.4 Manufacturing Expenses Analysis of Fracking Fluids and Chemicals
CHAPTER 10 MARKETING STATUS ANALYSIS OF FRACKING FLUIDS AND CHEMICALS
10.1 Marketing Channel
10.1.1 Direct Marketing
10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
10.2.2 Brand Strategy
10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List
CHAPTER 11 REPORT CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCE
12.1 Methodology/Research Approach
12.1.1 Research Programs/Design
12.1.2 Market Size Estimation
12.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
12.2 Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Sources
12.2.2 Primary Sources
12.3 Reference
