Analyzing the Global Market for Concentrated Solar Power 2016
The concentrated solar power industry is bound to be one of the biggest and most efficient in the coming times ahead. If utilized to its full potential, it could end up providing for the world’s 25% energy needs by 2050. Currently there is 679 MW of installed CSP capacity worldwide and more than 2000 MW under development.
The solar field makes for the largest share of the cost of any solar plant. Depending on the technology this cost could vary from around 43% for Tower and Fresnel technology, to almost 60% for Parabolic Trough and Dish Stirling CSP plants. The most significant cost reduction is likely to come about by innovation in solar field design, which could bring down the cost of energy (LOCOE) by 15 to 28% depending on the technology. Whilst much attention on the future of clean energy is focused on the competition from ‘cheaper’ fossil fuel alternatives, it should be noted that if a clean technology is actually the more profitable option, that becomes a massive driver for change. In a sense this is a positive feedback mechanism that comes into play as soon as a technology is competitive in even a few market segments.
Rather than simply subsidizing CSP, technology-neutral market-based measures should target the clean energy characteristics and strong correlation of generation to real time demand that CSP provides. Rewards linked to competitive market time of day pricing or equivalent firm capacity contributions should be considered. Towards this, energy sector agencies should build on this study and model future prices of both energy and ancillary services in the NEM, to calculate future CSP value under scenarios that include high penetration intermittent renewable resources.
The CSP industry must continue to focus on lowering cost through deployment and technology improvement, particularly efficiency. Those cost reductions must also be clearly demonstrated to stakeholders. Major cost reductions will be achieved through capturing the lessons of early deployment. The CSP Industry should work pro-actively to leverage the lessons gained from publically funded early deployment to ensure they flow to the widest possible base within the constraints of competitive markets.
Concentrating solar power's relatively low cost and ability to deliver power during periods of peak demand - when and where it’s needed - means that it can be a major contributor to the world’s future needs for distributed sources of energy.
Aruvian Research analyzes the Global Market for Concentrated Solar Power. This research report is a comprehensive analytical compilation which analyzes the global market for CSP along with an analysis of the key markets.
The report begins by taking a look at solar power and the impact of global climate change as well as the challenge of carbon emissions facing the world. We move on to introduce the concept of concentrated solar power (CSP). We also explain the various types of CSP technologies available today.
An analysis of the global market for CSP includes an industry analysis through statistics, a look at industry size, power generation from CSP worldwide as well as the installed capacity of CSP in key markets. Investments in the industry are also looked at, followed by an analysis of the major industry trends and challenges.
Moving on to the analysis of key markets, we analyze CSP in Australia, China, India, South Africa, Spain and the US. For each market, we look at industry statistics, power generation from CSP, installed capacity of CSP, as well as the regulatory framework affecting the CSP industry in that country.
Competition in the industry and an analysis of the major players wraps up this analytical offering on the global concentrated solar power industry.
The solar field makes for the largest share of the cost of any solar plant. Depending on the technology this cost could vary from around 43% for Tower and Fresnel technology, to almost 60% for Parabolic Trough and Dish Stirling CSP plants. The most significant cost reduction is likely to come about by innovation in solar field design, which could bring down the cost of energy (LOCOE) by 15 to 28% depending on the technology. Whilst much attention on the future of clean energy is focused on the competition from ‘cheaper’ fossil fuel alternatives, it should be noted that if a clean technology is actually the more profitable option, that becomes a massive driver for change. In a sense this is a positive feedback mechanism that comes into play as soon as a technology is competitive in even a few market segments.
Rather than simply subsidizing CSP, technology-neutral market-based measures should target the clean energy characteristics and strong correlation of generation to real time demand that CSP provides. Rewards linked to competitive market time of day pricing or equivalent firm capacity contributions should be considered. Towards this, energy sector agencies should build on this study and model future prices of both energy and ancillary services in the NEM, to calculate future CSP value under scenarios that include high penetration intermittent renewable resources.
The CSP industry must continue to focus on lowering cost through deployment and technology improvement, particularly efficiency. Those cost reductions must also be clearly demonstrated to stakeholders. Major cost reductions will be achieved through capturing the lessons of early deployment. The CSP Industry should work pro-actively to leverage the lessons gained from publically funded early deployment to ensure they flow to the widest possible base within the constraints of competitive markets.
Concentrating solar power's relatively low cost and ability to deliver power during periods of peak demand - when and where it’s needed - means that it can be a major contributor to the world’s future needs for distributed sources of energy.
Aruvian Research analyzes the Global Market for Concentrated Solar Power. This research report is a comprehensive analytical compilation which analyzes the global market for CSP along with an analysis of the key markets.
The report begins by taking a look at solar power and the impact of global climate change as well as the challenge of carbon emissions facing the world. We move on to introduce the concept of concentrated solar power (CSP). We also explain the various types of CSP technologies available today.
An analysis of the global market for CSP includes an industry analysis through statistics, a look at industry size, power generation from CSP worldwide as well as the installed capacity of CSP in key markets. Investments in the industry are also looked at, followed by an analysis of the major industry trends and challenges.
Moving on to the analysis of key markets, we analyze CSP in Australia, China, India, South Africa, Spain and the US. For each market, we look at industry statistics, power generation from CSP, installed capacity of CSP, as well as the regulatory framework affecting the CSP industry in that country.
Competition in the industry and an analysis of the major players wraps up this analytical offering on the global concentrated solar power industry.
A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
B. SOLAR POWER & CLIMATE CHANGE
B.1 What is Solar Power?
B.2 Pros & Cons of Solar Power
B.3 Readily Available Solar Power
B.4 Rising Energy Consumption & the Challenge of Carbon Emissions
C. INTRODUCTION TO CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP)
C.1 Historical Perspective of Concentrating Solar Power
C.2 Theories Behind Solar Thermal Power Conversion
C.3 Conversion of Solar Heat into Electricity
C.4 Requirement for Concentrating Solar Power
C.4.1 Sustaining the Ecosystem
C.4.2 Sustaining the Economics
D. TYPES OF CSP TECHNOLOGIES
D.1 Technological Overview
D.2 Analysis of Central Receiver or Solar Tower
D.3 Analysis of Parabolic Troughs
D.4 Analysis of Parabolic Dish
D.5 Linear Fresnel Reflectors
E. GLOBAL MARKET FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER
E.1 Industry Overview
E.2 Industry Size
E.3 Power Generation from Concentrated Solar Power
E.4 CSP Installed Capacity – Key Markets
E.5 Industry Investments
F. INDUSTRY TRENDS & CHALLENGES
F.1 Overview of Trends
F.2 Challenge of Grid Connectivity
F.3 Regulatory Support & Renewable Portfolio Standards
F.4 Financial Incentives
F.5 Project Cancellations
F.6 Associated Costs
G. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN AUSTRALIA
G.1 Industry Overview
G.2 Power Generation from CSP in Australia
G.3 Regulatory Framework
H. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN CHINA
H.1 Industry Overview
H.2 Power Generation from CSP in China
H.3 Regulatory Framework
I. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
I.1 Industry Overview
I.2 Power Generation from CSP in India
I.3 Regulatory Framework
J. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN SOUTH AFRICA
J.1 Industry Overview
J.2 Power Generation from CSP in South Africa
J.3 Regulatory Framework
K. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN SPAIN
K.1 Industry Overview
K.2 Power Generation from CSP in Spain
K.3 Regulatory Framework
L. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN THE US
L.1 Industry Overview
L.2 Power Generation from CSP in the US
L.3 Regulatory Framework
L.3.1 Federal Regulations
L.3.2 Regulatory Framework in California
L.3.3 Regulatory Framework in Colorado
L.3.4 Regulatory Framework in Iowa
L.3.5 Regulatory Framework in Minnesota
L.3.6 Regulatory Framework in Nevada
L.3.7 Regulatory Framework in New Jersey
L.3.8 Regulatory Framework in New York
L.3.9 Regulatory Framework in Oregon
L.3.10 Regulatory Framework in Texas
L.3.11 Regulatory Framework in Washington
M. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN OTHER MARKETS
M.1 Industry Overview
M.2 Power Generation from CSP in Other Markets
N. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER & IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
O. COMPETITION IN THE INDUSTRY & MAJOR PLAYERS
O.1 Competition in the Industry
O.2 Abengoa Solar SA
O.3 Acciona Energia SA
O.4 Amonix, Inc.
O.5 BrightSource Industries
O.6 Coolearth Solar
O.7 Enel SpA
O.8 Florida Power & Light Company
O.9 Sky Fuel Inc
O.10 Torresol Energy
P. APPENDIX
Q. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
B. SOLAR POWER & CLIMATE CHANGE
B.1 What is Solar Power?
B.2 Pros & Cons of Solar Power
B.3 Readily Available Solar Power
B.4 Rising Energy Consumption & the Challenge of Carbon Emissions
C. INTRODUCTION TO CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER (CSP)
C.1 Historical Perspective of Concentrating Solar Power
C.2 Theories Behind Solar Thermal Power Conversion
C.3 Conversion of Solar Heat into Electricity
C.4 Requirement for Concentrating Solar Power
C.4.1 Sustaining the Ecosystem
C.4.2 Sustaining the Economics
D. TYPES OF CSP TECHNOLOGIES
D.1 Technological Overview
D.2 Analysis of Central Receiver or Solar Tower
D.3 Analysis of Parabolic Troughs
D.4 Analysis of Parabolic Dish
D.5 Linear Fresnel Reflectors
E. GLOBAL MARKET FOR CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER
E.1 Industry Overview
E.2 Industry Size
E.3 Power Generation from Concentrated Solar Power
E.4 CSP Installed Capacity – Key Markets
E.5 Industry Investments
F. INDUSTRY TRENDS & CHALLENGES
F.1 Overview of Trends
F.2 Challenge of Grid Connectivity
F.3 Regulatory Support & Renewable Portfolio Standards
F.4 Financial Incentives
F.5 Project Cancellations
F.6 Associated Costs
G. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN AUSTRALIA
G.1 Industry Overview
G.2 Power Generation from CSP in Australia
G.3 Regulatory Framework
H. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN CHINA
H.1 Industry Overview
H.2 Power Generation from CSP in China
H.3 Regulatory Framework
I. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN INDIA
I.1 Industry Overview
I.2 Power Generation from CSP in India
I.3 Regulatory Framework
J. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN SOUTH AFRICA
J.1 Industry Overview
J.2 Power Generation from CSP in South Africa
J.3 Regulatory Framework
K. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN SPAIN
K.1 Industry Overview
K.2 Power Generation from CSP in Spain
K.3 Regulatory Framework
L. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN THE US
L.1 Industry Overview
L.2 Power Generation from CSP in the US
L.3 Regulatory Framework
L.3.1 Federal Regulations
L.3.2 Regulatory Framework in California
L.3.3 Regulatory Framework in Colorado
L.3.4 Regulatory Framework in Iowa
L.3.5 Regulatory Framework in Minnesota
L.3.6 Regulatory Framework in Nevada
L.3.7 Regulatory Framework in New Jersey
L.3.8 Regulatory Framework in New York
L.3.9 Regulatory Framework in Oregon
L.3.10 Regulatory Framework in Texas
L.3.11 Regulatory Framework in Washington
M. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER IN OTHER MARKETS
M.1 Industry Overview
M.2 Power Generation from CSP in Other Markets
N. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER & IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
O. COMPETITION IN THE INDUSTRY & MAJOR PLAYERS
O.1 Competition in the Industry
O.2 Abengoa Solar SA
O.3 Acciona Energia SA
O.4 Amonix, Inc.
O.5 BrightSource Industries
O.6 Coolearth Solar
O.7 Enel SpA
O.8 Florida Power & Light Company
O.9 Sky Fuel Inc
O.10 Torresol Energy
P. APPENDIX
Q. GLOSSARY OF TERMS
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Global Carbon Emissions (in MMT)
Figure 2: Global Energy Consumption (in Mtoe), 2010-2030
Figure 3: Central Receiver or Solar Tower
Figure 4: Capital Cost Estimate of Solar Tower Systems (%), 2014
Figure 5: Parabolic Trough
Figure 6: Capital Cost Estimate of Parabolic Trough Systems (%), 2014
Figure 7: Parabolic Dish
Figure 8: Global Market for CSP (DNI) (kWh/m2 Per Day), 2014
Figure 9: Global CSP Market in Terms of Installed Capacity (in MW), 2001-2020
Figure 10: Global Market for CSP Industry Size (in USD Billion), 2006-2020
Figure 11: Global Power Generation from CSP (in GWh), 2001-2020
Figure 12: Installed Capacity of CSP by Country (%), 2014
Figure 13: Global Investments in the CSP Market, (in USD Million), 2010-2014
Figure 14: Investments in the Global CSP Market by Country (%), 2014
Figure 15: Type of Investments in the Global CSP Market (%), 2014
Figure 16: Market for CSP in Australia (DNI) (kWh/m2) Per Day
Figure 17: Installed Capacity of CSP in Australia (in MW), 2008-2020
Figure 18: Power Generated from CSP in Australia (in GWh), 2008-2020
Figure 19: DNI Range in China (in kWh/m2 Per Day)
Figure 20: Installed Capacity of CSP in China (in MW), 2012-2020
Figure 21: Power Generated from CSP in China (in GWh), 2012-2020
Figure 22: DNI Range in India (kWh/m2 Per Day)
Figure 23: Installed Capacity of CSP in India (in MW), 2011-2020
Figure 24: Power Generated from CSP in India (in GWh), 2011-2020
Figure 25: DNI Range in South Africa (kWh/m2 Per Day)
Figure 26: Installed Capacity of CSP in South Africa (in MW), 2012-2020
Figure 27: Power Generated from CSP in South Africa (in GWh), 2012-2020
Figure 28: Market for CSP in Spain (DNI) (kWh/m2) Per Year
Figure 29: Installed Capacity of CSP in Spain (in MW), 2007-2020
Figure 30: Power Generated from CSP in Spain (in GWh), 2007-2020
Figure 31: CSP Market in the US (DNI) (kWh/m2 per Day)
Figure 32: Installed Capacity of CSP in the US (in MW), 2001-2020
Figure 33: Power Generated from CSP in the US (in GWh), 2001-2020
Figure 34: Installed Capacity of CSP in Other Markets (in MW), 2010-2020
Figure 35: Power Generated from CSP in Other Markets (in GWh), 2010-2020
Figure 36: Market Share of Major Players in the Global CSP Market (%), 2014
Figure 37: Parabolic Trough Power Plant with Hot & Cold Tank Thermal Storage System & Oil Steam Generator
Figure 38: Schematic Arrangement of a PV Cell
Figure 39: Solar Parabolic Trough System Combined with Fossil Fuel Firing to Generate Electrical Power
Figure 40: A Central Receiver Solar Thermal System
Figure 41: Solar Pond
Figure 42: Integrated Solar/Combined Cycle System (ISCC)
Figure 43: Flow Diagram of Solar Field, Storage System & Steam Cycle at the AndaSol-1 Project, Southern Spain
Figure 44: Manufacturing Share of PV by Country in 2014
Figure 45: Solar RFC Power System
Figure 46: Space Application of RFC Power System
Figure 1: Global Carbon Emissions (in MMT)
Figure 2: Global Energy Consumption (in Mtoe), 2010-2030
Figure 3: Central Receiver or Solar Tower
Figure 4: Capital Cost Estimate of Solar Tower Systems (%), 2014
Figure 5: Parabolic Trough
Figure 6: Capital Cost Estimate of Parabolic Trough Systems (%), 2014
Figure 7: Parabolic Dish
Figure 8: Global Market for CSP (DNI) (kWh/m2 Per Day), 2014
Figure 9: Global CSP Market in Terms of Installed Capacity (in MW), 2001-2020
Figure 10: Global Market for CSP Industry Size (in USD Billion), 2006-2020
Figure 11: Global Power Generation from CSP (in GWh), 2001-2020
Figure 12: Installed Capacity of CSP by Country (%), 2014
Figure 13: Global Investments in the CSP Market, (in USD Million), 2010-2014
Figure 14: Investments in the Global CSP Market by Country (%), 2014
Figure 15: Type of Investments in the Global CSP Market (%), 2014
Figure 16: Market for CSP in Australia (DNI) (kWh/m2) Per Day
Figure 17: Installed Capacity of CSP in Australia (in MW), 2008-2020
Figure 18: Power Generated from CSP in Australia (in GWh), 2008-2020
Figure 19: DNI Range in China (in kWh/m2 Per Day)
Figure 20: Installed Capacity of CSP in China (in MW), 2012-2020
Figure 21: Power Generated from CSP in China (in GWh), 2012-2020
Figure 22: DNI Range in India (kWh/m2 Per Day)
Figure 23: Installed Capacity of CSP in India (in MW), 2011-2020
Figure 24: Power Generated from CSP in India (in GWh), 2011-2020
Figure 25: DNI Range in South Africa (kWh/m2 Per Day)
Figure 26: Installed Capacity of CSP in South Africa (in MW), 2012-2020
Figure 27: Power Generated from CSP in South Africa (in GWh), 2012-2020
Figure 28: Market for CSP in Spain (DNI) (kWh/m2) Per Year
Figure 29: Installed Capacity of CSP in Spain (in MW), 2007-2020
Figure 30: Power Generated from CSP in Spain (in GWh), 2007-2020
Figure 31: CSP Market in the US (DNI) (kWh/m2 per Day)
Figure 32: Installed Capacity of CSP in the US (in MW), 2001-2020
Figure 33: Power Generated from CSP in the US (in GWh), 2001-2020
Figure 34: Installed Capacity of CSP in Other Markets (in MW), 2010-2020
Figure 35: Power Generated from CSP in Other Markets (in GWh), 2010-2020
Figure 36: Market Share of Major Players in the Global CSP Market (%), 2014
Figure 37: Parabolic Trough Power Plant with Hot & Cold Tank Thermal Storage System & Oil Steam Generator
Figure 38: Schematic Arrangement of a PV Cell
Figure 39: Solar Parabolic Trough System Combined with Fossil Fuel Firing to Generate Electrical Power
Figure 40: A Central Receiver Solar Thermal System
Figure 41: Solar Pond
Figure 42: Integrated Solar/Combined Cycle System (ISCC)
Figure 43: Flow Diagram of Solar Field, Storage System & Steam Cycle at the AndaSol-1 Project, Southern Spain
Figure 44: Manufacturing Share of PV by Country in 2014
Figure 45: Solar RFC Power System
Figure 46: Space Application of RFC Power System
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Global Carbon Emissions (in MMT)
Table 2: Global Energy Consumption (in Mtoe), 2010-2030
Table 3: Early Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 4: Cost Reductions in Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 5: Pros & Cons of Each Technology
Table 6: Global CSP Market in Terms of Installed Capacity (in MW), 2001-2020
Table 7: Global Market for CSP Industry Size (in USD Billion), 2006-2020
Table 8: Global Power Generation from CSP (in GWh), 2001-2020
Table 9: Global Investments in the CSP Market, (in USD Million), 2010-2014
Table 10: Installed Capacity of CSP in Australia (in MW), 2008-2020
Table 11: Power Generated from CSP in Australia (in GWh), 2008-2020
Table 12: Solar Homes and Communities Plan in Australia
Table 13: Solar Feed-in Programs by States in Australia
Table 14: Installed Capacity of CSP in China (in MW), 2012-2020
Table 15: Power Generated from CSP in China (in GWh), 2012-2020
Table 16: Installed Capacity of CSP in India (in MW), 2011-2020
Table 17: Power Generated from CSP in India (in GWh), 2011-2020
Table 18: Off Grid Renewable Energy Programs in India
Table 19: Grid Interactive Renewable Energy Programs in India
Table 20: Interest Rates for Soft Loans on Solar Water Heating Systems
Table 21: Installed Capacity of CSP in South Africa (in MW), 2012-2020
Table 22: Power Generated from CSP in South Africa (in GWh), 2012-2020
Table 23: Tariffs in Renewable Energy Industry in South Africa
Table 24: Installed Capacity of CSP in Spain (in MW), 2007-2020
Table 25: Power Generated from CSP in Spain (in GWh), 2007-2020
Table 26: New Feed-in-Tariff Rates in Spain (EUR/kWh)
Table 27: Tax Rebate in the Spanish Solar Power Market
Table 28: Major Policy Measures for Solar Power in Spain
Table 29: Installed Capacity of CSP in the US (in MW), 2001-2020
Table 30: Power Generated from CSP in the US (in GWh), 2001-2020
Table 31: Go Solar California Campaign
Table 32: California Solar Initiative
Table 33: Ten Step Decrease in Payment Level in California
Table 34: Installation Costs of a Solar System in California Post Government Rebates
Table 35: CORE Solar Pioneer Rebate Program in Colorado
Table 36: Solar Alternative Compliance Payment Amount in New Jersey
Table 37: Installed Capacity of CSP in Other Markets (in MW), 2010-2020
Table 38: Power Generated from CSP in Other Markets (in GWh), 2010-2020
Table 39: Key Characteristics of Major Players, 2014
Table 40: Early Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 41: Cost Reductions in Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 1: Global Carbon Emissions (in MMT)
Table 2: Global Energy Consumption (in Mtoe), 2010-2030
Table 3: Early Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 4: Cost Reductions in Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 5: Pros & Cons of Each Technology
Table 6: Global CSP Market in Terms of Installed Capacity (in MW), 2001-2020
Table 7: Global Market for CSP Industry Size (in USD Billion), 2006-2020
Table 8: Global Power Generation from CSP (in GWh), 2001-2020
Table 9: Global Investments in the CSP Market, (in USD Million), 2010-2014
Table 10: Installed Capacity of CSP in Australia (in MW), 2008-2020
Table 11: Power Generated from CSP in Australia (in GWh), 2008-2020
Table 12: Solar Homes and Communities Plan in Australia
Table 13: Solar Feed-in Programs by States in Australia
Table 14: Installed Capacity of CSP in China (in MW), 2012-2020
Table 15: Power Generated from CSP in China (in GWh), 2012-2020
Table 16: Installed Capacity of CSP in India (in MW), 2011-2020
Table 17: Power Generated from CSP in India (in GWh), 2011-2020
Table 18: Off Grid Renewable Energy Programs in India
Table 19: Grid Interactive Renewable Energy Programs in India
Table 20: Interest Rates for Soft Loans on Solar Water Heating Systems
Table 21: Installed Capacity of CSP in South Africa (in MW), 2012-2020
Table 22: Power Generated from CSP in South Africa (in GWh), 2012-2020
Table 23: Tariffs in Renewable Energy Industry in South Africa
Table 24: Installed Capacity of CSP in Spain (in MW), 2007-2020
Table 25: Power Generated from CSP in Spain (in GWh), 2007-2020
Table 26: New Feed-in-Tariff Rates in Spain (EUR/kWh)
Table 27: Tax Rebate in the Spanish Solar Power Market
Table 28: Major Policy Measures for Solar Power in Spain
Table 29: Installed Capacity of CSP in the US (in MW), 2001-2020
Table 30: Power Generated from CSP in the US (in GWh), 2001-2020
Table 31: Go Solar California Campaign
Table 32: California Solar Initiative
Table 33: Ten Step Decrease in Payment Level in California
Table 34: Installation Costs of a Solar System in California Post Government Rebates
Table 35: CORE Solar Pioneer Rebate Program in Colorado
Table 36: Solar Alternative Compliance Payment Amount in New Jersey
Table 37: Installed Capacity of CSP in Other Markets (in MW), 2010-2020
Table 38: Power Generated from CSP in Other Markets (in GWh), 2010-2020
Table 39: Key Characteristics of Major Players, 2014
Table 40: Early Solar Thermal Power Plants
Table 41: Cost Reductions in Parabolic Trough Solar Thermal Power Plants
