United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Report 2017

January 2018 | 95 pages | ID: U1A404DFA44EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Micro Tactical Ground Robot in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast).

United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Micro Tactical Ground Robot sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Roboteam
• QinetiQ
• iRobot Corporation
• Boeing Company
• Thales
• Northrop Grumman
• Clearpath Robotics
• Robotnik Automation
• ReconRobotics
• Perrone Robotics

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Tethered
• Tele-operated
• Semi-autonomous
• Autonomous

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including

• Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
• Law Enforcement
• Explosive Ordinance Disposal
• Other Hazardous Material

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Report 2017

1 MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Micro Tactical Ground Robot
1.2 Classification of Micro Tactical Ground Robot by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
  1.2.3 Tethered
  1.2.4 Tele-operated
  1.2.5 Semi-autonomous
  1.2.6 Autonomous
1.3 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
  1.3.3 Law Enforcement
  1.3.4 Explosive Ordinance Disposal
  1.3.5 Other Hazardous Material
1.4 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 The West Micro Tactical Ground Robot Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 Southwest Micro Tactical Ground Robot Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Micro Tactical Ground Robot Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 New England Micro Tactical Ground Robot Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 The South Micro Tactical Ground Robot Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Micro Tactical Ground Robot Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Micro Tactical Ground Robot (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 UNITED STATES MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.3 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
2.4 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Micro Tactical Ground Robot Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Price by Region (2012-2017)

4 UNITED STATES MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2012-2017)

4.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2012-2017)
4.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Price by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)

5 UNITED STATES MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)

5.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Roboteam
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Roboteam Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 QinetiQ
  6.2.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 QinetiQ Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 iRobot Corporation
  6.3.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 iRobot Corporation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Boeing Company
  6.4.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Boeing Company Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Thales
  6.5.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Thales Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Northrop Grumman
  6.6.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Northrop Grumman Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 Clearpath Robotics
  6.7.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 Clearpath Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Robotnik Automation
  6.8.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Robotnik Automation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 ReconRobotics
  6.9.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 ReconRobotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Perrone Robotics
  6.10.2 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Perrone Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

7 MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Micro Tactical Ground Robot

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Micro Tactical Ground Robot Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Micro Tactical Ground Robot Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES MICRO TACTICAL GROUND ROBOT MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Micro Tactical Ground Robot
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (K Units) by Type (2012-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
Figure Tethered Product Picture
Figure Tele-operated Product Picture
Figure Semi-autonomous Product Picture
Figure Autonomous Product Picture
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (K Units) by Application (2012-2022)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Micro Tactical Ground Robot by Application in 2016
Figure Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
Figure Law Enforcement Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Law Enforcement
Figure Explosive Ordinance Disposal Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Explosive Ordinance Disposal
Figure Other Hazardous Material Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other Hazardous Material
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2012-2022)
Figure The West Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure New England Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The South of US Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure The Midwest Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Micro Tactical Ground Robot Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2012-2017)
Figure United States Market Micro Tactical Ground Robot Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2016
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Micro Tactical Ground Robot Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Micro Tactical Ground Robot Product Category
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share by Region in 2016
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units) by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share by Type in 2016
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Micro Tactical Ground Robot by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Micro Tactical Ground Robot by Type in 2016
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units) by Application (2012-2017)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share by Application in 2016
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table Roboteam Basic Information List
Table Roboteam Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Roboteam Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Roboteam Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Roboteam Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table QinetiQ Basic Information List
Table QinetiQ Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure QinetiQ Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure QinetiQ Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure QinetiQ Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table iRobot Corporation Basic Information List
Table iRobot Corporation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure iRobot Corporation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure iRobot Corporation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure iRobot Corporation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Boeing Company Basic Information List
Table Boeing Company Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Boeing Company Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Boeing Company Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Boeing Company Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Thales Basic Information List
Table Thales Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Thales Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Thales Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Thales Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Northrop Grumman Basic Information List
Table Northrop Grumman Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Northrop Grumman Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Northrop Grumman Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Northrop Grumman Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Clearpath Robotics Basic Information List
Table Clearpath Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Clearpath Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Clearpath Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Clearpath Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Robotnik Automation Basic Information List
Table Robotnik Automation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Robotnik Automation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Robotnik Automation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Robotnik Automation Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table ReconRobotics Basic Information List
Table ReconRobotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure ReconRobotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure ReconRobotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure ReconRobotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Perrone Robotics Basic Information List
Table Perrone Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Perrone Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Perrone Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Figure Perrone Robotics Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue Market Share in United States (2012-2017)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Micro Tactical Ground Robot
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Micro Tactical Ground Robot
Figure Micro Tactical Ground Robot Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Micro Tactical Ground Robot Major Players/Suppliers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Micro Tactical Ground Robot
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2022
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2022
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Table United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure United States Micro Tactical Ground Robot Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources