Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2025-2031

September 2025 | 75 pages | ID: GF0383410A2EN
LP Information

Abstracts

According to this study, the global 5G Communication Equipment market size will reach US$ million by 2031.

5th generation wireless systems, abbreviated 5G, are improved wireless network technologies deploying in 2018 and later. The primary technologies include: Millimeter wave bands (26, 28, 38, and 60 GHz) offer performance as high as 20 gigabits per second; Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output - 64-256 antennas) offers performance 'up to ten times current 4G networks;' 'Low-band 5G' and 'Mid-band 5G' use frequencies from 600 MHz to 6 GHz, especially 3.5-4.2 GHz.

5G is a key and cross-age technology that opens the era of the Internet of Everything, and all countries are grabbing market share. The Global Mobile Economy Development Report 2023 released by GSMA Intelligence pointed out that by the end of 2022, the number of global mobile users would exceed 5.4 billion. The mobile ecosystem supports 16 million jobs directly and 12 million jobs indirectly.

China is a leader in 5G technology. According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, China newly added 887,000 5G base stations in 2022 (currently reaching 2.312 million, accounting for more than 60% of the world's total), and 110 cities in China have reached gigabit city construction standard. According to the Digital China Development Report (2022) released by the State Internet Information Office, by the end of 2022, China had built a total of 2.312 million 5G base stations, with 561 million 5G users, accounting for more than 60% of the world.

LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the “5G Communication Equipment Industry Forecast” looks at past sales and reviews total world 5G Communication Equipment sales in 2024, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected 5G Communication Equipment sales for 2025 through 2031. With 5G Communication Equipment sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world 5G Communication Equipment industry.

This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global 5G Communication Equipment landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyses the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on 5G Communication Equipment portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms’ unique position in an accelerating global 5G Communication Equipment market.

This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for 5G Communication Equipment and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global 5G Communication Equipment.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of 5G Communication Equipment market by product type, application, key players and key regions and countries.

Segmentation by Type:

• Femtocell
• Pico Cell
• Micro Cell
• Macro Cell

Segmentation by Application:

• Consumer Business
• Enterprise Business
• Operator Business

This report also splits the market by region:

• Americas
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Brazil
• APAC
• China
• Japan
• Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Australia
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• UK
• Italy
• Russia
• Middle East & Africa
• Egypt
• South Africa
• Israel
• Turkey
• GCC Countries

The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.

• Ericsson
• Samsung
• Nokia
• Huawei
• ZTE

Contents

1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 World Market Overview
  2.1.1 Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size (2020-2031)
  2.1.2 5G Communication Equipment Market Size CAGR by Region (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for 5G Communication Equipment by Country/Region (2020, 2024 & 2031)
2.2 5G Communication Equipment Segment by Type
  2.2.1 Femtocell
  2.2.2 Pico Cell
  2.2.3 Micro Cell
  2.2.4 Macro Cell
2.3 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type
  2.3.1 5G Communication Equipment Market Size CAGR by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  2.3.2 Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
2.4 5G Communication Equipment Segment by Application
  2.4.1 Consumer Business
  2.4.2 Enterprise Business
  2.4.3 Operator Business
2.5 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application
  2.5.1 5G Communication Equipment Market Size CAGR by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031)
  2.5.2 Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application (2020-2025)

3 5G COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT MARKET SIZE BY PLAYER

3.1 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Player
  3.1.1 Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue by Player (2020-2025)
  3.1.2 Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share by Player (2020-2025)
3.2 Global 5G Communication Equipment Key Players Head office and Products Offered
3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
  3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
  3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2023-2025)
3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 5G COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT BY REGION

4.1 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Region (2020-2025)
4.2 Global 5G Communication Equipment Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2020-2025)
4.3 Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth (2020-2025)
4.4 APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth (2020-2025)
4.5 Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth (2020-2025)
4.6 Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth (2020-2025)

5 AMERICAS

5.1 Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Country (2020-2025)
5.2 Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
5.3 Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Region (2020-2025)
6.2 APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
6.3 APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Country (2020-2025)
7.2 Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
7.3 Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia

8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

8.1 Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment by Region (2020-2025)
8.2 Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025)
8.3 Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries

9 MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends

10 GLOBAL 5G COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT MARKET FORECAST

10.1 Global 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
  10.1.1 Global 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
  10.1.2 Americas 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.1.3 APAC 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.1.4 Europe 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.1.5 Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
10.2 Americas 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Country (2026-2031)
  10.2.1 United States Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.2.2 Canada Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.2.3 Mexico Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.2.4 Brazil Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
10.3 APAC 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
  10.3.1 China 5G Communication Equipment Market Forecast
  10.3.2 Japan Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.3.3 Korea Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.3.4 Southeast Asia Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.3.5 India Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.3.6 Australia Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
10.4 Europe 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Country (2026-2031)
  10.4.1 Germany Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.4.2 France Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.4.3 UK Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.4.4 Italy Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.4.5 Russia Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
10.5 Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
  10.5.1 Egypt Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.5.2 South Africa Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.5.3 Israel Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
  10.5.4 Turkey Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast
10.6 Global 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
10.7 Global 5G Communication Equipment Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
  10.7.1 GCC Countries Market 5G Communication Equipment Forecast

11 KEY PLAYERS ANALYSIS

11.1 Ericsson
  11.1.1 Ericsson Company Information
  11.1.2 Ericsson 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
  11.1.3 Ericsson 5G Communication Equipment Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
  11.1.4 Ericsson Main Business Overview
  11.1.5 Ericsson Latest Developments
11.2 Samsung
  11.2.1 Samsung Company Information
  11.2.2 Samsung 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
  11.2.3 Samsung 5G Communication Equipment Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
  11.2.4 Samsung Main Business Overview
  11.2.5 Samsung Latest Developments
11.3 Nokia
  11.3.1 Nokia Company Information
  11.3.2 Nokia 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
  11.3.3 Nokia 5G Communication Equipment Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
  11.3.4 Nokia Main Business Overview
  11.3.5 Nokia Latest Developments
11.4 Huawei
  11.4.1 Huawei Company Information
  11.4.2 Huawei 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
  11.4.3 Huawei 5G Communication Equipment Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
  11.4.4 Huawei Main Business Overview
  11.4.5 Huawei Latest Developments
11.5 ZTE
  11.5.1 ZTE Company Information
  11.5.2 ZTE 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
  11.5.3 ZTE 5G Communication Equipment Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
  11.5.4 ZTE Main Business Overview
  11.5.5 ZTE Latest Developments

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. 5G Communication Equipment Market Size CAGR by Region (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) & ($ millions)
Table 2. 5G Communication Equipment Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2020, 2024 & 2031) & ($ millions)
Table 3. Major Players of Femtocell
Table 4. Major Players of Pico Cell
Table 5. Major Players of Micro Cell
Table 6. Major Players of Macro Cell
Table 7. 5G Communication Equipment Market Size CAGR by Type (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) & ($ millions)
Table 8. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 9. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 10. 5G Communication Equipment Market Size CAGR by Application (2020 VS 2024 VS 2031) & ($ millions)
Table 11. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 12. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 13. Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue by Player (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 14. Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share by Player (2020-2025)
Table 15. 5G Communication Equipment Key Players Head office and Products Offered
Table 16. 5G Communication Equipment Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2023-2025)
Table 17. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 18. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 19. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 20. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 21. Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue by Country/Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 22. Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2020-2025)
Table 23. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Country (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 24. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
Table 25. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 26. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Table 27. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 28. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Table 29. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 30. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 31. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 32. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 33. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Country (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 34. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Country (2020-2025)
Table 35. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 36. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 37. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Region (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 38. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Type (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 39. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size by Application (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Table 40. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of 5G Communication Equipment
Table 41. Key Market Challenges & Risks of 5G Communication Equipment
Table 42. Key Industry Trends of 5G Communication Equipment
Table 43. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Forecast by Region (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
Table 44. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2031)
Table 45. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Forecast by Type (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
Table 46. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Forecast by Application (2026-2031) & ($ millions)
Table 47. Ericsson Details, Company Type, 5G Communication Equipment Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 48. Ericsson 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
Table 49. Ericsson 5G Communication Equipment Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 50. Ericsson Main Business
Table 51. Ericsson Latest Developments
Table 52. Samsung Details, Company Type, 5G Communication Equipment Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 53. Samsung 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
Table 54. Samsung 5G Communication Equipment Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 55. Samsung Main Business
Table 56. Samsung Latest Developments
Table 57. Nokia Details, Company Type, 5G Communication Equipment Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 58. Nokia 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
Table 59. Nokia 5G Communication Equipment Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 60. Nokia Main Business
Table 61. Nokia Latest Developments
Table 62. Huawei Details, Company Type, 5G Communication Equipment Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 63. Huawei 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
Table 64. Huawei 5G Communication Equipment Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 65. Huawei Main Business
Table 66. Huawei Latest Developments
Table 67. ZTE Details, Company Type, 5G Communication Equipment Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 68. ZTE 5G Communication Equipment Product Offered
Table 69. ZTE 5G Communication Equipment Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2020-2025)
Table 70. ZTE Main Business
Table 71. ZTE Latest Developments

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 5G Communication Equipment Report Years Considered
Figure 2. Research Objectives
Figure 3. Research Methodology
Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 5. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth Rate (2020-2031) ($ millions)
Figure 6. 5G Communication Equipment Sales by Geographic Region (2020, 2024 & 2031) & ($ millions)
Figure 7. 5G Communication Equipment Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2024)
Figure 8. 5G Communication Equipment Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2020, 2024 & 2031)
Figure 9. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type in 2024
Figure 10. 5G Communication Equipment in Consumer Business
Figure 11. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market: Consumer Business (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Figure 12. 5G Communication Equipment in Enterprise Business
Figure 13. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market: Enterprise Business (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Figure 14. 5G Communication Equipment in Operator Business
Figure 15. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market: Operator Business (2020-2025) & ($ millions)
Figure 16. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application in 2024
Figure 17. Global 5G Communication Equipment Revenue Market Share by Player in 2024
Figure 18. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Figure 19. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 20. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 21. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 22. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 23. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Value Market Share by Country in 2024
Figure 24. United States 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 25. Canada 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 26. Mexico 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 27. Brazil 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 28. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Region in 2024
Figure 29. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Figure 30. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Figure 31. China 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 32. Japan 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 33. South Korea 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 34. Southeast Asia 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 35. India 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 36. Australia 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 37. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Country in 2024
Figure 38. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Figure 39. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Figure 40. Germany 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 41. France 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 42. UK 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 43. Italy 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 44. Russia 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 45. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Figure 46. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Type (2020-2025)
Figure 47. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share by Application (2020-2025)
Figure 48. Egypt 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 49. South Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 50. Israel 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 51. Turkey 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 52. GCC Countries 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Growth 2020-2025 ($ millions)
Figure 53. Americas 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 54. APAC 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 55. Europe 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 56. Middle East & Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 57. United States 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 58. Canada 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 59. Mexico 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 60. Brazil 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 61. China 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 62. Japan 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 63. Korea 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 64. Southeast Asia 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 65. India 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 66. Australia 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 67. Germany 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 68. France 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 69. UK 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 70. Italy 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 71. Russia 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 72. Egypt 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 73. South Africa 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 74. Israel 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 75. Turkey 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)
Figure 76. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2026-2031)
Figure 77. Global 5G Communication Equipment Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2026-2031)
Figure 78. GCC Countries 5G Communication Equipment Market Size 2026-2031 ($ millions)