Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2023-2028
Market Overview:
The global blockchain distributed ledger market size reached US$ 4.8 Billion in 2022. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 26.7 Billion by 2028, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 30.6% during 2023-2028.
Blockchain distributed ledger refers to a decentralized database shared across a network spread over numerous geographical locations. It stores and records resources and transactions through a peer-to-peer network. The data is protected through cryptography, which gets locked in linked and secured blocks. The technology is majorly used for making payments, smart contracts, supply chain management, compliance management and trade finance. It aids in increasing the speed of data transfer and eliminates the need for a third party in the business processes and provides improved capital optimization and security measurement.
Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Trends:
Rapid digitization of the industries across the globe is one of the key factors creating a positive outlook for the market growth. Moreover, increasing demand for advanced technological solutions to minimize fraudulent activities, data theft and financial losses is providing a thrust to the growth of the market. Due to the onset of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, organizations are increasingly adopting blockchain distributed ledgers to create, store and manage their data online. Additionally, various technological advancements, such as the integration of connected devices with the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, are acting as other growth-inducing factors. These innovative technologies aid in enhancing data security, preventing identity thefts and data tempering and minimizing unauthorized access to sensitive data of the users. Other factors, including significant improvements in the information technology (IT) infrastructure, along with extensive research and development (R&D) activities, are anticipated to drive the market toward growth.
Key Market Segmentation:
IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global blockchain distributed ledger market report, along with forecasts at the global, regional and country level from 2023-2028. Our report has categorized the market based on component, type, enterprise size, application and end use industry.
Breakup by Component:
Solution
Service
Breakup by Type:
Private
Public
Hybrid
Breakup by Enterprise Size:
Large Enterprises
Small and Medium Enterprises
Breakup by Application:
Payments
Smart Contracts
Supply Chain Management
Compliance Management
Trade Finance
Others
Breakup by End Use Industry:
BFSI
Government and Public Sector
Manufacturing
Retail and E-Commerce
Media and Entertainment
Transportation and Logistics
Healthcare
Energy and Utilities
Others
Breakup by Region:
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Others
Europe
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Others
Middle East and Africa
Competitive Landscape:
The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined along with the profiles of the key players being Accenture PLC, AlphaPoint, Amazon Web Services Inc. (Amazon.com Inc.), Auxesis Services & Technologies Ltd., Digital Asset Holdings LLC, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Intel Corporation, International Business Machines Corporation, iXLedger, NTT DATA Corporation (The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) and Visa Inc.
Key Questions Answered in This Report:
What was the size of the global blockchain distributed ledger market in 2022?
What is the expected growth rate of the global blockchain distributed ledger market during 2023-2028?
What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
What are the key factors driving the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the component?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the type?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the enterprise size?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the application?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the end use industry?
What are the key regions in the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
Who are the key players/companies in the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
The global blockchain distributed ledger market size reached US$ 4.8 Billion in 2022. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the market to reach US$ 26.7 Billion by 2028, exhibiting a growth rate (CAGR) of 30.6% during 2023-2028.
Blockchain distributed ledger refers to a decentralized database shared across a network spread over numerous geographical locations. It stores and records resources and transactions through a peer-to-peer network. The data is protected through cryptography, which gets locked in linked and secured blocks. The technology is majorly used for making payments, smart contracts, supply chain management, compliance management and trade finance. It aids in increasing the speed of data transfer and eliminates the need for a third party in the business processes and provides improved capital optimization and security measurement.
Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Trends:
Rapid digitization of the industries across the globe is one of the key factors creating a positive outlook for the market growth. Moreover, increasing demand for advanced technological solutions to minimize fraudulent activities, data theft and financial losses is providing a thrust to the growth of the market. Due to the onset of coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic, organizations are increasingly adopting blockchain distributed ledgers to create, store and manage their data online. Additionally, various technological advancements, such as the integration of connected devices with the Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, are acting as other growth-inducing factors. These innovative technologies aid in enhancing data security, preventing identity thefts and data tempering and minimizing unauthorized access to sensitive data of the users. Other factors, including significant improvements in the information technology (IT) infrastructure, along with extensive research and development (R&D) activities, are anticipated to drive the market toward growth.
Key Market Segmentation:
IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global blockchain distributed ledger market report, along with forecasts at the global, regional and country level from 2023-2028. Our report has categorized the market based on component, type, enterprise size, application and end use industry.
Breakup by Component:
Solution
Service
Breakup by Type:
Private
Public
Hybrid
Breakup by Enterprise Size:
Large Enterprises
Small and Medium Enterprises
Breakup by Application:
Payments
Smart Contracts
Supply Chain Management
Compliance Management
Trade Finance
Others
Breakup by End Use Industry:
BFSI
Government and Public Sector
Manufacturing
Retail and E-Commerce
Media and Entertainment
Transportation and Logistics
Healthcare
Energy and Utilities
Others
Breakup by Region:
North America
United States
Canada
Asia-Pacific
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Australia
Indonesia
Others
Europe
Germany
France
United Kingdom
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Latin America
Brazil
Mexico
Others
Middle East and Africa
Competitive Landscape:
The competitive landscape of the industry has also been examined along with the profiles of the key players being Accenture PLC, AlphaPoint, Amazon Web Services Inc. (Amazon.com Inc.), Auxesis Services & Technologies Ltd., Digital Asset Holdings LLC, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., Intel Corporation, International Business Machines Corporation, iXLedger, NTT DATA Corporation (The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) and Visa Inc.
Key Questions Answered in This Report:
What was the size of the global blockchain distributed ledger market in 2022?
What is the expected growth rate of the global blockchain distributed ledger market during 2023-2028?
What has been the impact of COVID-19 on the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
What are the key factors driving the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the component?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the type?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the enterprise size?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the application?
What is the breakup of the global blockchain distributed ledger market based on the end use industry?
What are the key regions in the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
Who are the key players/companies in the global blockchain distributed ledger market?
1 PREFACE
2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Stakeholders
2.3 Data Sources
2.3.1 Primary Sources
2.3.2 Secondary Sources
2.4 Market Estimation
2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
2.5 Forecasting Methodology
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 INTRODUCTION
4.1 Overview
4.2 Key Industry Trends
5 GLOBAL BLOCKCHAIN DISTRIBUTED LEDGER MARKET
5.1 Market Overview
5.2 Market Performance
5.3 Impact of COVID-19
5.4 Market Forecast
6 MARKET BREAKUP BY COMPONENT
6.1 Solution
6.1.1 Market Trends
6.1.2 Market Forecast
6.2 Service
6.2.1 Market Trends
6.2.2 Market Forecast
7 MARKET BREAKUP BY TYPE
7.1 Private
7.1.1 Market Trends
7.1.2 Market Forecast
7.2 Public
7.2.1 Market Trends
7.2.2 Market Forecast
7.3 Hybrid
7.3.1 Market Trends
7.3.2 Market Forecast
8 MARKET BREAKUP BY ENTERPRISE SIZE
8.1 Large Enterprises
8.1.1 Market Trends
8.1.2 Market Forecast
8.2 Small and Medium Enterprises
8.2.1 Market Trends
8.2.2 Market Forecast
9 MARKET BREAKUP BY APPLICATION
9.1 Payments
9.1.1 Market Trends
9.1.2 Market Forecast
9.2 Smart Contracts
9.2.1 Market Trends
9.2.2 Market Forecast
9.3 Supply Chain Management
9.3.1 Market Trends
9.3.2 Market Forecast
9.4 Compliance Management
9.4.1 Market Trends
9.4.2 Market Forecast
9.5 Trade Finance
9.5.1 Market Trends
9.5.2 Market Forecast
9.6 Others
9.6.1 Market Trends
9.6.2 Market Forecast
10 MARKET BREAKUP BY END USE INDUSTRY
10.1 BFSI
10.1.1 Market Trends
10.1.2 Market Forecast
10.2 Government and Public Sector
10.2.1 Market Trends
10.2.2 Market Forecast
10.3 Manufacturing
10.3.1 Market Trends
10.3.2 Market Forecast
10.4 Retail and E-Commerce
10.4.1 Market Trends
10.4.2 Market Forecast
10.5 Media and Entertainment
10.5.1 Market Trends
10.5.2 Market Forecast
10.6 Transportation and Logistics
10.6.1 Market Trends
10.6.2 Market Forecast
10.7 Healthcare
10.7.1 Market Trends
10.7.2 Market Forecast
10.8 Energy and Utilities
10.8.1 Market Trends
10.8.2 Market Forecast
10.9 Others
10.9.1 Market Trends
10.9.2 Market Forecast
11 MARKET BREAKUP BY REGION
11.1 North America
11.1.1 United States
11.1.1.1 Market Trends
11.1.1.2 Market Forecast
11.1.2 Canada
11.1.2.1 Market Trends
11.1.2.2 Market Forecast
11.2 Asia-Pacific
11.2.1 China
11.2.1.1 Market Trends
11.2.1.2 Market Forecast
11.2.2 Japan
11.2.2.1 Market Trends
11.2.2.2 Market Forecast
11.2.3 India
11.2.3.1 Market Trends
11.2.3.2 Market Forecast
11.2.4 South Korea
11.2.4.1 Market Trends
11.2.4.2 Market Forecast
11.2.5 Australia
11.2.5.1 Market Trends
11.2.5.2 Market Forecast
11.2.6 Indonesia
11.2.6.1 Market Trends
11.2.6.2 Market Forecast
11.2.7 Others
11.2.7.1 Market Trends
11.2.7.2 Market Forecast
11.3 Europe
11.3.1 Germany
11.3.1.1 Market Trends
11.3.1.2 Market Forecast
11.3.2 France
11.3.2.1 Market Trends
11.3.2.2 Market Forecast
11.3.3 United Kingdom
11.3.3.1 Market Trends
11.3.3.2 Market Forecast
11.3.4 Italy
11.3.4.1 Market Trends
11.3.4.2 Market Forecast
11.3.5 Spain
11.3.5.1 Market Trends
11.3.5.2 Market Forecast
11.3.6 Russia
11.3.6.1 Market Trends
11.3.6.2 Market Forecast
11.3.7 Others
11.3.7.1 Market Trends
11.3.7.2 Market Forecast
11.4 Latin America
11.4.1 Brazil
11.4.1.1 Market Trends
11.4.1.2 Market Forecast
11.4.2 Mexico
11.4.2.1 Market Trends
11.4.2.2 Market Forecast
11.4.3 Others
11.4.3.1 Market Trends
11.4.3.2 Market Forecast
11.5 Middle East and Africa
11.5.1 Market Trends
11.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
11.5.3 Market Forecast
12 SWOT ANALYSIS
12.1 Overview
12.2 Strengths
12.3 Weaknesses
12.4 Opportunities
12.5 Threats
13 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
14 PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
14.1 Overview
14.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
14.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
14.4 Degree of Competition
14.5 Threat of New Entrants
14.6 Threat of Substitutes
15 PRICE ANALYSIS
16 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
16.1 Market Structure
16.2 Key Players
16.3 Profiles of Key Players
16.3.1 Accenture PLC
16.3.1.1 Company Overview
16.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.1.3 Financials
16.3.1.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.2 AlphaPoint
16.3.2.1 Company Overview
16.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.3 Amazon Web Services Inc. (Amazon.com Inc.)
16.3.3.1 Company Overview
16.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.3.3 Financials
16.3.3.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.4 Auxesis Services & Technologies Ltd.
16.3.4.1 Company Overview
16.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.5 Digital Asset Holdings LLC
16.3.5.1 Company Overview
16.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.6 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
16.3.6.1 Company Overview
16.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.7 Intel Corporation
16.3.7.1 Company Overview
16.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.7.3 Financials
16.3.7.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.8 International Business Machines Corporation
16.3.8.1 Company Overview
16.3.8.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.8.3 Financials
16.3.8.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.9 iXLedger
16.3.9.1 Company Overview
16.3.9.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.10 NTT DATA Corporation (The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation)
16.3.10.1 Company Overview
16.3.10.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.10.3 Financials
16.3.10.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.11 Visa Inc.
16.3.11.1 Company Overview
16.3.11.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.11.3 Financials
16.3.11.4 SWOT Analysis
2 SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY
2.1 Objectives of the Study
2.2 Stakeholders
2.3 Data Sources
2.3.1 Primary Sources
2.3.2 Secondary Sources
2.4 Market Estimation
2.4.1 Bottom-Up Approach
2.4.2 Top-Down Approach
2.5 Forecasting Methodology
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
4 INTRODUCTION
4.1 Overview
4.2 Key Industry Trends
5 GLOBAL BLOCKCHAIN DISTRIBUTED LEDGER MARKET
5.1 Market Overview
5.2 Market Performance
5.3 Impact of COVID-19
5.4 Market Forecast
6 MARKET BREAKUP BY COMPONENT
6.1 Solution
6.1.1 Market Trends
6.1.2 Market Forecast
6.2 Service
6.2.1 Market Trends
6.2.2 Market Forecast
7 MARKET BREAKUP BY TYPE
7.1 Private
7.1.1 Market Trends
7.1.2 Market Forecast
7.2 Public
7.2.1 Market Trends
7.2.2 Market Forecast
7.3 Hybrid
7.3.1 Market Trends
7.3.2 Market Forecast
8 MARKET BREAKUP BY ENTERPRISE SIZE
8.1 Large Enterprises
8.1.1 Market Trends
8.1.2 Market Forecast
8.2 Small and Medium Enterprises
8.2.1 Market Trends
8.2.2 Market Forecast
9 MARKET BREAKUP BY APPLICATION
9.1 Payments
9.1.1 Market Trends
9.1.2 Market Forecast
9.2 Smart Contracts
9.2.1 Market Trends
9.2.2 Market Forecast
9.3 Supply Chain Management
9.3.1 Market Trends
9.3.2 Market Forecast
9.4 Compliance Management
9.4.1 Market Trends
9.4.2 Market Forecast
9.5 Trade Finance
9.5.1 Market Trends
9.5.2 Market Forecast
9.6 Others
9.6.1 Market Trends
9.6.2 Market Forecast
10 MARKET BREAKUP BY END USE INDUSTRY
10.1 BFSI
10.1.1 Market Trends
10.1.2 Market Forecast
10.2 Government and Public Sector
10.2.1 Market Trends
10.2.2 Market Forecast
10.3 Manufacturing
10.3.1 Market Trends
10.3.2 Market Forecast
10.4 Retail and E-Commerce
10.4.1 Market Trends
10.4.2 Market Forecast
10.5 Media and Entertainment
10.5.1 Market Trends
10.5.2 Market Forecast
10.6 Transportation and Logistics
10.6.1 Market Trends
10.6.2 Market Forecast
10.7 Healthcare
10.7.1 Market Trends
10.7.2 Market Forecast
10.8 Energy and Utilities
10.8.1 Market Trends
10.8.2 Market Forecast
10.9 Others
10.9.1 Market Trends
10.9.2 Market Forecast
11 MARKET BREAKUP BY REGION
11.1 North America
11.1.1 United States
11.1.1.1 Market Trends
11.1.1.2 Market Forecast
11.1.2 Canada
11.1.2.1 Market Trends
11.1.2.2 Market Forecast
11.2 Asia-Pacific
11.2.1 China
11.2.1.1 Market Trends
11.2.1.2 Market Forecast
11.2.2 Japan
11.2.2.1 Market Trends
11.2.2.2 Market Forecast
11.2.3 India
11.2.3.1 Market Trends
11.2.3.2 Market Forecast
11.2.4 South Korea
11.2.4.1 Market Trends
11.2.4.2 Market Forecast
11.2.5 Australia
11.2.5.1 Market Trends
11.2.5.2 Market Forecast
11.2.6 Indonesia
11.2.6.1 Market Trends
11.2.6.2 Market Forecast
11.2.7 Others
11.2.7.1 Market Trends
11.2.7.2 Market Forecast
11.3 Europe
11.3.1 Germany
11.3.1.1 Market Trends
11.3.1.2 Market Forecast
11.3.2 France
11.3.2.1 Market Trends
11.3.2.2 Market Forecast
11.3.3 United Kingdom
11.3.3.1 Market Trends
11.3.3.2 Market Forecast
11.3.4 Italy
11.3.4.1 Market Trends
11.3.4.2 Market Forecast
11.3.5 Spain
11.3.5.1 Market Trends
11.3.5.2 Market Forecast
11.3.6 Russia
11.3.6.1 Market Trends
11.3.6.2 Market Forecast
11.3.7 Others
11.3.7.1 Market Trends
11.3.7.2 Market Forecast
11.4 Latin America
11.4.1 Brazil
11.4.1.1 Market Trends
11.4.1.2 Market Forecast
11.4.2 Mexico
11.4.2.1 Market Trends
11.4.2.2 Market Forecast
11.4.3 Others
11.4.3.1 Market Trends
11.4.3.2 Market Forecast
11.5 Middle East and Africa
11.5.1 Market Trends
11.5.2 Market Breakup by Country
11.5.3 Market Forecast
12 SWOT ANALYSIS
12.1 Overview
12.2 Strengths
12.3 Weaknesses
12.4 Opportunities
12.5 Threats
13 VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
14 PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS
14.1 Overview
14.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers
14.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
14.4 Degree of Competition
14.5 Threat of New Entrants
14.6 Threat of Substitutes
15 PRICE ANALYSIS
16 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
16.1 Market Structure
16.2 Key Players
16.3 Profiles of Key Players
16.3.1 Accenture PLC
16.3.1.1 Company Overview
16.3.1.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.1.3 Financials
16.3.1.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.2 AlphaPoint
16.3.2.1 Company Overview
16.3.2.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.3 Amazon Web Services Inc. (Amazon.com Inc.)
16.3.3.1 Company Overview
16.3.3.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.3.3 Financials
16.3.3.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.4 Auxesis Services & Technologies Ltd.
16.3.4.1 Company Overview
16.3.4.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.5 Digital Asset Holdings LLC
16.3.5.1 Company Overview
16.3.5.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.6 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
16.3.6.1 Company Overview
16.3.6.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.7 Intel Corporation
16.3.7.1 Company Overview
16.3.7.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.7.3 Financials
16.3.7.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.8 International Business Machines Corporation
16.3.8.1 Company Overview
16.3.8.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.8.3 Financials
16.3.8.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.9 iXLedger
16.3.9.1 Company Overview
16.3.9.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.10 NTT DATA Corporation (The Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation)
16.3.10.1 Company Overview
16.3.10.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.10.3 Financials
16.3.10.4 SWOT Analysis
16.3.11 Visa Inc.
16.3.11.1 Company Overview
16.3.11.2 Product Portfolio
16.3.11.3 Financials
16.3.11.4 SWOT Analysis
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2022 and 2028
Table 2: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Component (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 3: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Type (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 4: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Enterprise Size (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 5: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 6: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by End Use Industry (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 7: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 8: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Competitive Structure
Table 9: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Key Players
Table 1: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Key Industry Highlights, 2022 and 2028
Table 2: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Component (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 3: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Type (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 4: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Enterprise Size (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 5: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Application (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 6: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by End Use Industry (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 7: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Breakup by Region (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Table 8: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Competitive Structure
Table 9: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Key Players
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
Figure 2: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2017-2022
Figure 3: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2023-2028
Figure 4: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Component (in %), 2022
Figure 5: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Type (in %), 2022
Figure 6: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Enterprise Size (in %), 2022
Figure 7: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2022
Figure 8: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by End Use Industry (in %), 2022
Figure 9: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2022
Figure 10: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Solution) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 11: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Solution) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 12: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Service) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 13: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Service) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 14: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Private) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 15: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Private) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 16: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Public) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 17: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Public) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 18: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Hybrid) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 19: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Hybrid) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 20: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Large Enterprises) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 21: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Large Enterprises) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 22: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Small and Medium Enterprises) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 23: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Small and Medium Enterprises) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 24: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Payments) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 25: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Payments) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 26: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Smart Contracts) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 27: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Smart Contracts) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 28: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Supply Chain Management) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 29: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Supply Chain Management) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 30: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Compliance Management) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 31: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Compliance Management) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 32: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Trade Finance) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 33: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Trade Finance) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 34: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other Applications) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 35: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other Applications) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 36: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (BFSI) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 37: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (BFSI) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 38: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Government and Public Sector) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 39: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Government and Public Sector) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 40: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Manufacturing) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 41: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Manufacturing) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 42: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Retail and E-Commerce) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 43: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Retail and E-Commerce) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 44: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Media and Entertainment) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 45: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Media and Entertainment) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 46: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Transportation and Logistics) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 47: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Transportation and Logistics) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 48: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Healthcare) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 49: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Healthcare) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 50: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Energy and Utilities) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 51: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Energy and Utilities) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 52: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other End Use Industries) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 53: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other End Use Industries) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 54: North America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 55: North America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 56: United States: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 57: United States: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 58: Canada: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 59: Canada: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 60: Asia-Pacific: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 61: Asia-Pacific: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 62: China: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 63: China: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 64: Japan: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 65: Japan: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 66: India: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 67: India: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 68: South Korea: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 69: South Korea: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 70: Australia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 71: Australia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 72: Indonesia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 73: Indonesia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 74: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 75: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 76: Europe: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 77: Europe: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 78: Germany: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 79: Germany: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 80: France: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 81: France: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 82: United Kingdom: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 83: United Kingdom: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 84: Italy: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 85: Italy: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 86: Spain: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 87: Spain: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 88: Russia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 89: Russia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 90: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 91: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 92: Latin America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 93: Latin America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 94: Brazil: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 95: Brazil: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 96: Mexico: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 97: Mexico: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 98: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 99: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 100: Middle East and Africa: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 101: Middle East and Africa: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Country (in %), 2022
Figure 102: Middle East and Africa: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 103: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Industry: SWOT Analysis
Figure 104: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Industry: Value Chain Analysis
Figure 105: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Figure 1: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Major Drivers and Challenges
Figure 2: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2017-2022
Figure 3: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Billion US$), 2023-2028
Figure 4: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Component (in %), 2022
Figure 5: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Type (in %), 2022
Figure 6: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Enterprise Size (in %), 2022
Figure 7: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Application (in %), 2022
Figure 8: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by End Use Industry (in %), 2022
Figure 9: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Region (in %), 2022
Figure 10: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Solution) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 11: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Solution) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 12: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Service) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 13: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Service) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 14: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Private) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 15: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Private) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 16: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Public) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 17: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Public) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 18: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Hybrid) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 19: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Hybrid) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 20: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Large Enterprises) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 21: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Large Enterprises) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 22: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Small and Medium Enterprises) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 23: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Small and Medium Enterprises) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 24: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Payments) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 25: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Payments) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 26: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Smart Contracts) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 27: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Smart Contracts) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 28: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Supply Chain Management) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 29: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Supply Chain Management) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 30: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Compliance Management) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 31: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Compliance Management) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 32: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Trade Finance) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 33: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Trade Finance) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 34: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other Applications) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 35: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other Applications) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 36: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (BFSI) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 37: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (BFSI) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 38: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Government and Public Sector) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 39: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Government and Public Sector) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 40: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Manufacturing) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 41: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Manufacturing) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 42: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Retail and E-Commerce) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 43: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Retail and E-Commerce) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 44: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Media and Entertainment) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 45: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Media and Entertainment) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 46: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Transportation and Logistics) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 47: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Transportation and Logistics) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 48: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Healthcare) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 49: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Healthcare) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 50: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Energy and Utilities) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 51: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Energy and Utilities) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 52: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other End Use Industries) Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 53: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger (Other End Use Industries) Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 54: North America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 55: North America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 56: United States: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 57: United States: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 58: Canada: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 59: Canada: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 60: Asia-Pacific: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 61: Asia-Pacific: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 62: China: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 63: China: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 64: Japan: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 65: Japan: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 66: India: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 67: India: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 68: South Korea: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 69: South Korea: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 70: Australia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 71: Australia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 72: Indonesia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 73: Indonesia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 74: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 75: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 76: Europe: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 77: Europe: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 78: Germany: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 79: Germany: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 80: France: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 81: France: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 82: United Kingdom: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 83: United Kingdom: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 84: Italy: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 85: Italy: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 86: Spain: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 87: Spain: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 88: Russia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 89: Russia: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 90: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 91: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 92: Latin America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 93: Latin America: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 94: Brazil: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 95: Brazil: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 96: Mexico: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 97: Mexico: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 98: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 99: Others: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 100: Middle East and Africa: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2017 & 2022
Figure 101: Middle East and Africa: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market: Breakup by Country (in %), 2022
Figure 102: Middle East and Africa: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Market Forecast: Sales Value (in Million US$), 2023-2028
Figure 103: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Industry: SWOT Analysis
Figure 104: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Industry: Value Chain Analysis
Figure 105: Global: Blockchain Distributed Ledger Industry: Porter's Five Forces Analysis
