Global Cost Control System Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2026-2032

March 2026 | 93 pages | ID: GD9A29C5FC45EN
LP Information

Abstracts

The global Cost Control System market size is predicted to grow from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million in 2032; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of %from 2026 to 2032.

A Cost Control System is a system for calculating, analyzing, and simulating costs. To begin with, cost generally refers to the expenses required for manufacturing and selling products and providing services. Data related to cost can be categorized into material cost, labor cost, and manufacturing cost by form, direct cost and indirect cost, variable cost, and fixed cost. In addition, this data can vary fluidly or be prorated across the entire product. A Cost Control System is a system to grasp and control such costs accurately and in real-time.

Cost Control Systems collect and manage cost-related data, which must be handled in conjunction with other business systems such as inventory control, sales management, and accounting. Therefore, Cost Control Systems are often provided as a part of ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) functionality, enabling smoother and more accurate cost control through data integration with other business systems.

United States market for Cost Control System is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % from 2026 through 2032.

China market for Cost Control System is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % from 2026 through 2032.

Europe market for Cost Control System is estimated to increase from US$ million in 2025 to US$ million by 2032, at a CAGR of % from 2026 through 2032.

Global key Cost Control System players cover Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle, ScienceSoft, Kahua, Ascertra, Navi Inc., etc. In terms of revenue, the global two largest companies occupied for a share nearly % in 2025.

LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the “Cost Control System Industry Forecast” looks at past sales and reviews total world Cost Control System sales in 2025, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Cost Control System sales for 2026 through 2032. With Cost Control System sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Cost Control System industry.

This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Cost Control System landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyses the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Cost Control System portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms’ unique position in an accelerating global Cost Control System market.

This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Cost Control System and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Cost Control System.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Cost Control System market by product type, application, key players and key regions and countries.

Segmentation by Type:

• Product Cost Control
• Department Cost Control

Segmentation by Application:

• SMEs
• Large Enterprises

This report also splits the market by region:

• Americas
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Brazil
• APAC
• China
• Japan
• Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Australia
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• UK
• Italy
• Russia
• Middle East & Africa
• Egypt
• South Africa
• Israel
• Turkey
• GCC Countries

The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.

• Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle
• ScienceSoft
• Kahua
• Ascertra
• Navi Inc.
• Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service
• Chuhui Technology

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 48 hours after order is placed.

Contents

1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 World Market Overview
  2.1.1 Global Cost Control System Market Size (2021-2032)
  2.1.2 Cost Control System Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Cost Control System by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
2.2 Cost Control System Segment by Type
  2.2.1 Product Cost Control
  2.2.2 Department Cost Control
  2.2.3 Cost Control System Market Size by Type
    2.2.3.1 Cost Control System Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.2.3.2 Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
2.3 Cost Control System Segment by Application
  2.3.1 SMEs
  2.3.2 Large Enterprises
  2.3.3 Cost Control System Market Size by Application
    2.3.3.1 Cost Control System Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.3.3.2 Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)

3 COST CONTROL SYSTEM MARKET SIZE BY PLAYER

3.1 Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Player
  3.1.1 Global Cost Control System Revenue by Player (2021-2026)
  3.1.2 Global Cost Control System Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
3.2 Global Cost Control System Key Players Head office and Products Offered
3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
  3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
  3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 COST CONTROL SYSTEM BY REGION

4.1 Cost Control System Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
4.2 Global Cost Control System Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.3 Americas Cost Control System Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.4 APAC Cost Control System Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.5 Europe Cost Control System Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size Growth (2021-2026)

5 AMERICAS

5.1 Americas Cost Control System Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
5.2 Americas Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
5.3 Americas Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Cost Control System Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
6.2 APAC Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
6.3 APAC Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe Cost Control System Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
7.2 Europe Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
7.3 Europe Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia

8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

8.1 Middle East & Africa Cost Control System by Region (2021-2026)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries

9 MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends

10 GLOBAL COST CONTROL SYSTEM MARKET FORECAST

10.1 Global Cost Control System Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.1 Global Cost Control System Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.2 Americas Cost Control System Forecast
  10.1.3 APAC Cost Control System Forecast
  10.1.4 Europe Cost Control System Forecast
  10.1.5 Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Forecast
10.2 Americas Cost Control System Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.2.1 United States Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.2.2 Canada Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.2.3 Mexico Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.2.4 Brazil Market Cost Control System Forecast
10.3 APAC Cost Control System Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.3.1 China Cost Control System Market Forecast
  10.3.2 Japan Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.3.3 Korea Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.3.4 Southeast Asia Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.3.5 India Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.3.6 Australia Market Cost Control System Forecast
10.4 Europe Cost Control System Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.4.1 Germany Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.4.2 France Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.4.3 UK Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.4.4 Italy Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.4.5 Russia Market Cost Control System Forecast
10.5 Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.5.1 Egypt Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.5.2 South Africa Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.5.3 Israel Market Cost Control System Forecast
  10.5.4 Turkey Market Cost Control System Forecast
10.6 Global Cost Control System Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
10.7 Global Cost Control System Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
  10.7.1 GCC Countries Market Cost Control System Forecast

11 KEY PLAYERS ANALYSIS

11.1 Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle
  11.1.1 Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Company Information
  11.1.2 Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.1.3 Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.1.4 Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Main Business Overview
  11.1.5 Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Latest Developments
11.2 ScienceSoft
  11.2.1 ScienceSoft Company Information
  11.2.2 ScienceSoft Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.2.3 ScienceSoft Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.2.4 ScienceSoft Main Business Overview
  11.2.5 ScienceSoft Latest Developments
11.3 Kahua
  11.3.1 Kahua Company Information
  11.3.2 Kahua Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.3.3 Kahua Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.3.4 Kahua Main Business Overview
  11.3.5 Kahua Latest Developments
11.4 Ascertra
  11.4.1 Ascertra Company Information
  11.4.2 Ascertra Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.4.3 Ascertra Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.4.4 Ascertra Main Business Overview
  11.4.5 Ascertra Latest Developments
11.5 Navi Inc.
  11.5.1 Navi Inc. Company Information
  11.5.2 Navi Inc. Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.5.3 Navi Inc. Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.5.4 Navi Inc. Main Business Overview
  11.5.5 Navi Inc. Latest Developments
11.6 Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service
  11.6.1 Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Company Information
  11.6.2 Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.6.3 Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.6.4 Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Main Business Overview
  11.6.5 Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Latest Developments
11.7 Chuhui Technology
  11.7.1 Chuhui Technology Company Information
  11.7.2 Chuhui Technology Cost Control System Product Offered
  11.7.3 Chuhui Technology Cost Control System Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.7.4 Chuhui Technology Main Business Overview
  11.7.5 Chuhui Technology Latest Developments

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Cost Control System Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 2. Cost Control System Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 3. Major Players of Product Cost Control
Table 4. Major Players of Department Cost Control
Table 5. Cost Control System Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 6. Global Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 7. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 8. Cost Control System Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 9. Global Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 10. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 11. Global Cost Control System Revenue by Player (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 12. Global Cost Control System Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
Table 13. Cost Control System Key Players Head office and Products Offered
Table 14. Cost Control System Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
Table 15. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 16. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 17. Global Cost Control System Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 18. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 19. Global Cost Control System Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 20. Global Cost Control System Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2021-2026)
Table 21. Americas Cost Control System Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 22. Americas Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 23. Americas Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 24. Americas Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 25. Americas Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 26. Americas Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 27. APAC Cost Control System Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 28. APAC Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 29. APAC Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 30. APAC Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 31. Europe Cost Control System Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 32. Europe Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 33. Europe Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 34. Europe Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 35. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 36. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 37. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 38. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Cost Control System
Table 39. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Cost Control System
Table 40. Key Industry Trends of Cost Control System
Table 41. Global Cost Control System Market Size Forecast by Region (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 42. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
Table 43. Global Cost Control System Market Size Forecast by Type (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 44. Global Cost Control System Market Size Forecast by Application (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 45. Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 46. Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 47. Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 48. Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Main Business
Table 49. Hexagon’s Asset Lifecycle Latest Developments
Table 50. ScienceSoft Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 51. ScienceSoft Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 52. ScienceSoft Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 53. ScienceSoft Main Business
Table 54. ScienceSoft Latest Developments
Table 55. Kahua Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 56. Kahua Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 57. Kahua Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 58. Kahua Main Business
Table 59. Kahua Latest Developments
Table 60. Ascertra Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 61. Ascertra Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 62. Ascertra Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 63. Ascertra Main Business
Table 64. Ascertra Latest Developments
Table 65. Navi Inc. Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 66. Navi Inc. Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 67. Navi Inc. Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 68. Navi Inc. Main Business
Table 69. Navi Inc. Latest Developments
Table 70. Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 71. Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 72. Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 73. Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Main Business
Table 74. Hunan Dahan Construction Cloud Service Latest Developments
Table 75. Chuhui Technology Details, Company Type, Cost Control System Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 76. Chuhui Technology Cost Control System Product Offered
Table 77. Chuhui Technology Cost Control System Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 78. Chuhui Technology Main Business
Table 79. Chuhui Technology Latest Developments

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Cost Control System Report Years Considered
Figure 2. Research Objectives
Figure 3. Research Methodology
Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 5. Global Cost Control System Market Size Growth Rate (2021-2032) ($ millions)
Figure 6. Cost Control System Sales by Geographic Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Figure 7. Cost Control System Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2025)
Figure 8. Cost Control System Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
Figure 9. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type in 2025
Figure 10. Cost Control System in SMEs
Figure 11. Global Cost Control System Market: SMEs (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 12. Cost Control System in Large Enterprises
Figure 13. Global Cost Control System Market: Large Enterprises (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 14. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application in 2025
Figure 15. Global Cost Control System Revenue Market Share by Player in 2025
Figure 16. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 17. Americas Cost Control System Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 18. APAC Cost Control System Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 19. Europe Cost Control System Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 20. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 21. Americas Cost Control System Value Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 22. United States Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 23. Canada Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 24. Mexico Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 25. Brazil Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 26. APAC Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Region in 2025
Figure 27. APAC Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 28. APAC Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 29. China Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 30. Japan Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 31. South Korea Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 32. Southeast Asia Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 33. India Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 34. Australia Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 35. Europe Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 36. Europe Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 37. Europe Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 38. Germany Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 39. France Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 40. UK Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 41. Italy Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 42. Russia Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 43. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 44. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 46. Egypt Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 47. South Africa Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 48. Israel Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 49. Turkey Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 50. GCC Countries Cost Control System Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 51. Americas Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 52. APAC Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 53. Europe Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 54. Middle East & Africa Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 55. United States Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 56. Canada Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 57. Mexico Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 58. Brazil Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 59. China Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 60. Japan Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 61. Korea Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 62. Southeast Asia Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 63. India Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 64. Australia Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 65. Germany Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 66. France Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 67. UK Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 68. Italy Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 69. Russia Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 70. Egypt Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 71. South Africa Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 72. Israel Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 73. Turkey Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 74. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
Figure 75. Global Cost Control System Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
Figure 76. GCC Countries Cost Control System Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)