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Competition pattern and Investment Risk of Cross-border E-commerce Industry in China 2016-2021

September 2016 | 265 pages | ID: C357450C26AEN
ASKCI Consulting Co., Ltd

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The concept of cross-border e-commerce can interpreted in a broad or narrow sense:

Broadly, the cross-border e-commerce refers to the cross-border import and export trade activities in which the transactions are concluded by the transaction participants belonging to different customs territories respectively by means of e-commerce. Narrowly, the cross-border e-commerce refers in particular to the cross-border e-retailing which is one new business pattern of international trade that the transactions are concluded by the transaction participants belonging to different customs territories respectively by means of conclusion of transaction through e-commerce platform, cross-border payment and settlement and delivery of goods through cross-border logistics. The cross-border e-retailing is one new trade pattern as a result of development of Internet to a certain stage.

In terms of type of interaction, the type of cross-border e-commerce is mainly divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, etc., in which the B2C and C2C are directly interacted with the final consumers, therefore collectively referred to as cross-border e-retailing; in terms of the business entity, the cross-border e-retailing is divided into platform type, self-run type and mixed type (platform + self-run).

In 2014, China innovated the regulatory system for cross-border e-commerce retail import, contributing to the rapid development of the cross-border e-commerce retail import in China and leading to the emergence of a number of cross-border e-commerce retail import platforms and enterprises including TMall.HK, koala.com, jumei.com, ymatou.com and xiaohongshu.com. The whole industry ushered in an explosive growth in 2015.

Although the growth rate of global trade in 2015 slowed down, cross-border e-commerce in China grew against the trend, the e-commerce penetration rate in import & export trades continued to improve. Cross-border e-commence retail is yielding unusually brilliant results as the new trade form in Internet Era, accounting a significantly increasing share in China’s cross-border e-commerce market. Technical progress, industrial foundation, consumption upgrading and credit security will be four drivers of the growth of cross-border e-commerce in China.

The trade scale of cross-border E-commerce was about RMB4.8 trillion in 2015, with YoY growth of 28%. By estimates, the trade scale would reach RMB12 trillion by 2020, the CAGR reaches 20.1% during 2015 to 2020.

Relative agencies predict that trade size of global cross-border e-commerce will increase to 31.34 trillion in 2016 and total network export value of the 6 main e-commerce markets including America, Britain, Germany, Northern Europe, the Netherlands and France, will grow 5 times in 2020, especially Asia-Pacific region guided by China will gain the fastest growth in global cross-border e-commerce market with 30 percent of market shares, increasing faster than the other regions in global trade and leading the growth with more market shares of global trade in the future.
1 CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW

1.1 Definition of Cross-border E-commerce
1.2 Main Types of Cross-border E-commerce in China
  1.2.1 In terms of type of end users
  1.2.2 In terms of type of service
  1.2.3 In terms of the operator of platform
1.3 Analysis on Development of Cross-border E-commence in Major Countries and Regions
  1.3.1 Experience Learning from US Cross-border E-commerce
  1.3.2 Experience Learning from EU Cross-border E-commerce
  1.3.3 Experience Learning from Japan’s Cross-border E-commerce
  1.3.4 Inspiration to China from the International Experience

2 ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT OF CHINA'S CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE INDUSTRY IN 2016

2.1 Economic environment of China's Cross-border E-commerce Industry
  2.1.1 Development Prediction of Global Economy Operation in 2016
  2.1.2 The Analysis of China’s GDP Growth in 2016
  2.1.3 The Analysis of China’s Foreign Trade development in 2016
  2.1.4 Impact of external environment on China’s economy and policy suggestions
2.2 Strategic Environment of China's Cross-border E-commerce Industry
2.3 The Social Environment of China’s Cross-border E-commence Industry Development
  2.3.1 The Total Domestic Value of Retail Sales
  2.3.2 The Analysis of Income Growth for Chinese Citizens
  2.3.3 The Analysis of China’s Population Growth
  2.2.4 Universal development of China's online shopping

3 ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF CHINA’S E-COMMERCE IN 2015

3.1 Development history of e-commence of China
3.2 Development of China’s e-commerce
3.3 E-commerce Market Trade Volume

4 ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE MARKET IN CHINA

4.1 Development History of Cross-border E-commence of China
  4.1.1 First stage (embryonic stage, from 1997 to 2007)
  4.1.2 Second stage (development stage, from 2008 to 2013)
  4.1.3 Third stage (explosion stage, from 2014 to date)
4.2 Analysis of Market Size of Cross-border E-commence in China
  4.2.1 China’s Foreign Trade Development in 2015
  4.2.2 China Cross-border E-commerce Trade Scale
  4.2.3 Cross-border E-commerce Retail Sales in China
4.3 Analysis of Cross-Border E-commence Connectivity Index
  4.3.1 EC1 Rankings
  4.3.2 EC1 grouping
4.4 E-commerce Company on National Equities Exchange and Quotations
4.5 Driving factor of Cross-border E-commerce Industry in China
  4.5.1 Technical progress
  4.5.2 Consumption upgrading
  4.5.3 Industrial foundation
  4.5.4 Credit security

5 ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF EXPORT CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE MARKET IN CHINA FOR 2011-2016

5.1 Industry chain of exports cross-border e-commerce in China
5.2 Development Environment of China’s Export Cross-border E-commerce
  5.2.1 Policies
  5.2.2 Industrial environment
  5.2.3 Capital environment
  5.2.4 Users Environment
5.3 Market Size of Export Cross-border E-commence in China
  5.3.1 The trade size of export cross-border E-commerce market
  5.3.2 The B2B scale of export cross-border E-commerce
  5.3.3 The retail scale of export cross-border E-commerce
  5.3.4 Geographic distribution of export cross-border E-commerce sellers
  5.3.5 Category Distribution of Cross-border E-commerce Sellers
  5.3.6 Distribution of export cross-border E-commerce nations
5.4 Breaking News of China’s Export Cross-border E-commerce in 2016
5.5 Developing Trend of China’s Export Cross-border E-commerce Industry

6 ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF IMPORT CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE MARKET IN CHINA FOR 2011-2015

6.1 Industry chain of imports cross-border e-commerce in China
6.2 Development Environment of China’s Import Cross-border E-commerce
6.3 Market Size of Import Cross-border E-commence in China
  6.3.1 The trade size of import cross-border E-commerce market in China
  6.3.2 Product Variety Distribution of Cross-border E-commerce Imports
6.4 Developing Trend of China’s Import Cross-border E-commerce Industry

7 SURVEY ANALYSIS FOR CHINA’S CROSS-BORDER ONLINE SHOPPERS IN 2016

7.1 Structural Analysis on Cross-border Online Shoppers
  7.1.1 Structural Distribution of Cross-border Online Shoppers
  7.1.2 Cross-border Online Shoppers Product Preference
7.2 Shopping Behavior of Cross-border Online Shoppers
  7.2.1 To understand the channels for cross-border online shopping
  7.2.2 Classificatory Analysis for Cross-border Online Shopping Websites
  7.2.3 Cross-border Online Shoppers Preference for Product Category
  7.2.4 Cross-border Online Shopping Product Price Analysis
  7.2.5 Cross-border Online Shoppers’ Spending
  7.2.6 The Analysis of Common Use Logistics Modes
7.3 Evaluation and Willingness of Cross-border Online Shoppers
  7.3.1 The Main Reasons to Abandon the Cross-border Online Shopping
  7.3.2 The Main Reasons for Choosing the Cross-border Online Shopping
  7.3.3 Main Concerns of Cross-border Online Shoppers
  7.3.4 The Advantages of Overseas Websites Comparing with Domestic Websites
  7.3.5 The Advantages of Domestic Websites Comparing with Overseas Websites

8 DEVELOPMENT STATUS AND TREND ANALYSIS OF CHINESE CROSS-BORDER PAYMENT INDUSTRY

8.1 Demands and Policies Drive the development of Cross-border payments
  8.1.1 Constantly Increasing Demands of Cross-border Payments
  8.1.2 Development of Cross-border payments
(I) Third-party payment attempt to cross-border payment
(II) Implementation of policies
8.2 Cross-border Payment Application Scenarios is Expanding
  8.2.1 The rapid development of emerging cross-border trades
  8.2.2 Cross-border Payment Industry Expansion
  8.2.3 Diversified profit models of cross-border payment
8.3 Less License Barriers and More Differentiated Service Models
  8.3.1 Less license barriers
  8.3.2 The gradual differentiation of management form

9 ANALYSIS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND TRENDS IN CHINA’S CROSS-BORDER LOGISTICS

9.1 Demands Drives Fast Development in Cross-border Logistics
9.2 The Impact on Logistics from Cross-border E-commerce Policies
9.3 Case Study on Cross-Border Logistics - SINOTRANS
  9.3.1 SINOTRANS focus on international freight forwarding
  9.3.2 Leading international air freight agency
  9.3.3 Rapid development of cross-border e-commerce
(I) Oversea direct delivery
(II) Protective tariff
  9.3.4 Operation and Profit of Enterprise

10 ANALYSIS ON CHINESE KEY PROVINCES OF CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE, 2016

10.1 Construction of comprehensive pilot area of cross-border E-commerce in Guangdong province
  10.1.1 Policy support of cross-border E-commerce
  10.1.2 Development scale of cross-border E-commerce
  10.1.3 Characteristic of Cross-border E-commence Development
  10.1.4 Existing problem Cross-border E-commence
  10.1.5 Suggestions on promoting the development of E-commerce in Guangdong
10.2 Development of Cross-border E-commence Market in Zhejiang Province
  10.2.1 Development Situation of Cross-border E-commence in Zhejiang Province
  10.2.2 Development Scale of E-commerce in Zhejiang Province
  10.2.3 Scale and characteristics of cross-border e-commerce development
  10.2.4 Situation and trend of cross-border e-commerce development
10.3 The Development of Cross-border E-commence Market in Fujian Province
  10.3.1 Policy support of cross-border E-commerce
  10.3.2 Development scale of cross-border E-commerce
  10.3.3 Development of cross-border e-commerce in sub-regions
  10.3.4 Developments of cross-border e-commerce
10.4 The Development of Cross-border E-commence Market in Jiangsu Province
  10.4.1 Policy support of cross-border E-commerce
  10.4.2 Development scale of cross-border E-commerce
  10.4.3 Logistics Development of Cross-border E-commerce

11. ANALYSIS ON PILOT CITIES OF CHINA’S CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE IN 2016

11.1 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot area in Tianjin
11.2 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot area in Shanghai
11.3 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot area in Chongqing
11.4 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot area in Hefei
11.5 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Zhengzhou
11.6 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Guangzhou
11.7 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Chengdu
11.8 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Dalian
11.9 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Ningbo
11.10 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Qingdao
11.11 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Shenzhen
11.12 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Suzhou
11.13 Building of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive pilot zone in Hangzhou

12 ANALYSIS OF MAJOR IMPORT AND EXPORT CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS IN 2012-2015

12.1 Analysis of major export cross-border e-commerce platforms
  12.1.1 Comprehensive platform
(I) Aliexpress
(2) Amazon
(3) eBay
(4) Wish
(5) Comprehensive Platform Contrastive Analysis
  12.1.2 Self-operated Platform
(I) Globalegrow E-commerce
(II) Aukey E-business
(III) Aitaocity (ATC)
(IV) Youkeshu
12.2 Key platform analysis of import cross-border e-commence
  12.2.1 Tmall Global
  12.2.2 Kaola.com
  12.2.3 Ymatou.com
  12.2.4 Xiaohongshu.com
  12.2.5 Classic case of oversea direct mail – Baobeigezi.com
(I) Platform basic information introduction
(II) Overseas warehouse network layout
(III) Commodity sales of different areas
(IV) Analysis for logistics construction

13. ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE LEADING COMPANIES IN 2016

13.1 Alibaba Group
  13.1.1 Basic information about enterprise development
  13.1.2 Analysis of Enterprise Operation Status
  13.1.3 Development of Cross-Border Ecommerce
1.4 Strategic Development of Cross-Border E-Commence
13.2 Focus Technology Co., Ltd.
  13.2.1 Basic Information About Enterprise Development
  13.2.2 Cross-border E-commence Business Development
  13.2.3 Analysis of enterprise operation
  13.2.4 Analysis of competitive advantages of enterprise
  13.2.5 Strategic Development of Cross-border E-commerce
13.3 Beijing DHHG Information Technology Co., Ltd.
  13.3.1 Basic information about enterprise development
  13.3.2 Cross-border E-commence Business Development
  13.3.3 Strategic developments of cross-border e-commence
13.4 Osell DinoDirect China Limited
  13.4.1 Basic information about enterprise development
  13.4.2 Cross-border E-commence Business Development
  13.3.3 Strategic developments of cross-border e-commence
13.5 LightInTheBox Holding Co., Ltd
  13.5.1 Basic information about enterprise development
  13.5.2 Cross-border E-commence Business Development
  13.5.3 Analysis of enterprise operation status
  13.5.4 Strategic Development of Cross-Border E-Commence

14 ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS MODEL AND CHINESE COMPANIES OF CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE

14.1 Business Model Analysis of Chinese Companies Engaging in Cross-border E-commerce
  14.1.1 Business model comparison and analysis of cross-border online shopping
  14.1.2 Comparison and analysis of overseas purchasing vs. self-operated B2C business model
  14.1.3 Classification of cross-border e-commerce companies by business models
14.2 Major market players and their operation models of cross-border e-commerce

15 MARKET DEVELOPING PROSPECTS AND TRENDS ON CHINA’S CROSS-BORDER E-COMMENCE FROM 2016 TO 2021

15.1 Development Prospect and Trend of China's Cross-border E-commence Industry
  15.1.1 Development Prospect Analysis of Cross-border E-commence
  15.1.2 Development Trend Analysis of Cross-border E-commence
  15.1.3 Supporting System for Promoting the Development of Cross-border E-commerce
  15.1.4 Path Analysis for Developing Cross-border E-commerce
15.2 Forecast On Market Scale of Cross-border E-commerce in China 2016-2021
15.3 China’s Cross-border E-commerce Development Opportunities from 2016 to 2021
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 China’s GDP and its growth rate in 2011-2016
Figure 2 The trend of China’s total value of foreign trade in 2011-2016
Figure 3 China's total value of retail sales and its growth rate in 2011-2016
Figure 4 Per capita disposable income of Chinese residents and its growth rate in 2011-2016
Figure 5 The trend of China’s total population in 2011-2015
Figure 6 E-commerce trade scale in China, 2011-2015
Figure 7 Chinese Cross-border E-commerce trade and foreign trade value, 2008-2015
Figure 8 The proportion of cross-border E-commerce trade value out of foreign trade value
Figure 9 The proportion of export and import value in Chinese cross-border E-commerce trade, 2011-2015
Figure 10 The proportion of B2B and retail trade in Chinese cross-border E-commerce, 2011-2015
Figure 11 Size of China Cross-border E-commerce Rattail Market
Figure 12 Import value of cross-border E-commerce retail market in China, 2013-2015
Figure 13 Export value of cross-border E-commerce retail market in China, 2013-2015
Figure 14 Trade volume of online retail sales in China, 2011-2021
Figure 15 Industry chain of exports cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 16 Market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2011-2015
Figure 17 Market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce B2B in China, 2013-2015
Figure 18 Retail sales market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2013-2015
Figure 19 Distribution of exports cross-border e-commerce seller in China, 2015
Figure 20 Category of exports cross-border e-commerce seller in China, 2015
Figure 21 Distribution of exports cross-border e-commerce country in China, 2015
Figure 22 Industry chain of imports cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 23 Problems of original imports cross-border e-commerce operation mode
Figure 24 Policy development of imports cross-border e-commerce, 2014-2015
Figure 25 AMC development curve of imports cross-border ecommerce in China
Figure 26 Market scale of imports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2011-2015
Figure 27 Category of cross-border online shopping products in China
Figure 28 Category and SKU continued expansion of imports cross-border e-commerce
Figure 29 Supply source control ability of import cross-border e-commerce outside
Figure 30 Development of cross-border e-commerce import logistics
Figure 31 Consumption experience of imports cross-border e-commerce continued improve
Figure 32 Analysis of cross-border online shoppers
Figure 33 Ways of knowing cross-border online shopping for cross-border online shoppers
Figure 34 Ways of visiting cross-border shopping websites for cross-border online shoppers
Figure 35 Cross-border shopping website category for cross-border online shoppers
Figure 36 Top10 cross-border online shopping product categories
Figure 37 Top8 cross-border shopping countries
Figure 38 Cross-border online shopping frequency
Figure 39 Cross-border online shopping per average order value (Unit: RMB)
Figure 40 The average monthly consumption spending on cross-border online shopping
Figure 41 Payment methods usage of cross-border online shopping
Figure 42 Used ways of logistics for cross-border online shopping
Figure 43 The time length of logistics for cross-border online shopping products
Figure 44 The experiences of cross-border online shoppers add goods to shopping cart without purchasing
Figure 45 The main reasons to abandon the purchase when items are added into the shopping cart
Figure 46 Attitudes of cross-border online shoppers
Figure 47 Reasons for cross-border online shoppers to choose cross-border online shopping
Figure 48 Cross-border online shoppers' focuses and satisfaction of various aspects
Figure 49 The reasons of cross-border online shoppers choosing overseas websites instead of domestic websites
Figure 50 The reasons of shoppers choosing domestic websites instead of overseas websites
Figure 51 Cross-border E-commerce and traditional International trade
Figure 52 Cross-border E-commerce market trade scale in China, 2011-2015
Figure 53 28 cross-border third party payment institutions distribution
Figure 54 “The Belt and the Road” program and needs of cross-border payment
Figure 55 Advantages of Cross-border Interbank Payment System (CIPS)
Figure 56 RMB Internationalization Index (RII), 2013-2015
Figure 57 Capital stream scale in China, 2013-2015
Figure 58 Emerging trade capital stream CAR
Figure 59 Import E-commerce platform third part payment services
Figure 60 Export E-commerce platform 3rd partypayment core business
Figure 61 Abroad tourism 3rd party payment institution core business
Figure 62 Abroad tourism market size in China, 2013-2015
Figure 63 Abroad tuition 3rd party payment institution core business
Figure 64 Chinese study abroad market, 2013-2015
Figure 65 3rd party cross-border payment is the most preference payment channel by Chinese residents
Figure 66 Cross-border payment profitability
Figure 67 Goods, services import & export payment and swap
Figure 68 Payment institution without permit buy in currency in agency identity
Figure 69 Payment institution with permit and payment procedure
Figure 70 Similar cross-border payment services
Figure 71 3rd party Internet payment trading volume market share in China, 2015
Figure 72 B2B oriented cross-border payment company diversified payment solution
Figure 73 AliPay and cooperation companies
Figure 74 Industry chain of cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 75 Market size of cross-border B2C logistics in China, 2013-2015
Figure 76 Trade mode and logistics mode of traditional trade and cross-border e-commerce in China
Figure 77 Overseas direct ship mode of cross-border B2C import
Figure 78 International network layout of Sinotrans Air Transportation Development Co., Ltd.
Figure 79 Domestic network layout of Sinotrans Air Transportation Development Co., Ltd.
Figure 80 Bonded mode of cross-border B2C import
Figure 81 Market share of international express in China
Figure 82 Business structure of Sinotrans-DHL
Figure 83 Core asset of China Merchants Group
Figure 84 Listing of express companies
Figure 85 Proportion of three export model of cross-border e-commerce in Zhejiang Province, 2015
Figure 86 Aliexpress income increase
Figure 87 Amazon warehouse distribution
Figure 88 Amazon active account, 2009-2015
Figure 89 Amazon warehouse space
Figure 90 Wish development timeline
Figure 91 Globalegrow E-commerce registered users growth, 2012-2015
Figure 92 Globalegrow selling country distribution
Figure 93 Aukey E-business website distribution
Figure 94 Aukey E-business product catagory
Figure 95 YKS company structure
Figure 96 Tmall advantages
Figure 97 Tmall O2O
Figure 98 NetEase Kaola operation
Figure 99 NetEase Kaola competitive advantages
Figure 100 Ymatou operation
Figure 101 Xiaohongshu operation
Figure 102 Overseas warehouse distribution
Figure 103 Baobeigezi regional sales
Figure 104 Dilivery time in different country, 2015
Figure 105 Forecast on market scale of cross-border e-commerce industry in China, 2016-2021
Figure 106 Forecast on market scale of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2016-2021
Figure 107 Forecast on market scale of imports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2016-2021

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Category of China's major cross-border e-commence business mode
Table 2 GDP growth and predicted value of World Bank in 2014-2016
Table 3 China’s GDP and its subdivision in 2014-2016
Table 4 Policies in cross-border e-commerce issued by China in 2012-2016
Table 5 China’s population and its composition in 2015
Table 6 Major economies that China exported to, 2015
Table 7 EC1 between China and G20
Table 8 Top 10 companies on National Equities Exchange and Quotations
Table 9 Major policies for export cross-border e-commerce of China in 2012 - 2015
Table 10 Major financing cases of exports cross-border e-commerce in China, 2015-2015
Table 11 The third party cross-border payments have significant competitive advantages by their expense ratio and emerging market.
Table 12 The payment agencies have been carrying out cross-border business targeted at various groups before obtaining trail qualifications.
Table 13 China’s market policy of cross-border payment has been gradually relaxed
Table 14 3rd party payment institution cross-border payment services
Table 15 Cross-border payment industrial size analysis
Table 16 Cross-border Payment market size forecast in 2020
Table 17 3rd party payment institution and overseas merchant cooperation
Table 18 Cross-border payment institution and cooperation institution
Table 19 Market Structure and Corresponding Logistics of Cross-border Purchasing Agency in China
Table 20 Comparison of bargaining power of e-commerce enterprise and logistics enterprise in domestic and cross-border e-commerce market
Table 21 Mode of cross-border logistics
Table 22 International freight services revenue of Sinotrans Air Transportation Development Co., Ltd., 2012-2015
Table 23 Dilatation of international express delivery giants in China
Table 24 Cargo aircraft of domestic express delivery company
Table 25 Seller ranking of cross-border platform in Zhejiang Province, 2015
Table 26 Comparative analysis on some of the cross-border E-commerce comprehensive pilot zones
Table 27 Aliexpress Gross Merchandise Volume (GMV)
Table 28 Top10 countries trading through Aliexpress, 2013
Table 29 Top7 category and country on Aliexpress, 2013
Table 30 Wish development
Table 31 Export E-commerce sellers
Table 32 Export E-commerce sellers
Table 33 Aukey E-business website introduction
Table 34 ATC overseas warehouse distribution
Table 35 Baobeigezi purchase team
Table 36 Alibaba Group's revenue and total profit situation in 2013-2017
Table 37 Focus Technology Co., Ltd.’s income situation by sectors and products in 2016
Table 38 Lightinthebox Holding Co., Ltd.’s revenue and total profit situation in 2012-2016
Table 39 Comparison of different modes of overseas online shopping
Table 40 Comparison of three main modes of overseas online shopping supply chain
Table 41 Taxation situation of overseas online shopping
Table 42 Comparison of overseas purchasing vs. self-operated B2C business
Table 43 Comparison of operation modes
Table 44 Cross-border e-commence enterprises and category of their business modes
Table 45 Analysis of major Chinese e-commerce companies and their operation models


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