2021 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Outlook and Opportunities in the Post COVID recovery- What’s next for companies, demand, Office and Commercial Coffee Services market size, strategies, and countries to 2028
The Office and Commercial Coffee Services market report analyses companies, market size outlook across types, applications, countries along with competitive strategies, trends, drivers, opportunities and market developments. The base year for the study is 2020 and the forecast period is from 2021 to 2028.
The global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market is poised to register optimistic growth rates throughout 2021 and 2022 as positive momentum builds in the world economy, though some differences remain among geographies. The pace of change will accelerate in the Office and Commercial Coffee Services industry and companies quickly re-aligning their strategies will emerge stronger from the unprecedented changes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a major threat for most Office and Commercial Coffee Services market outlook in addition to concerns of inflation, supply-chain disruptions, and weak consumer demand.
Global Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market%li%Post COVID-19 Recovery Scenarios and Impact Analysis
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the regional and country-level Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets worldwide. The report presents three outlook scenarios for the global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market size for 2021 and 2022.
Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Driving Factors, Restraints, and Opportunities
The global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market has significant market potential and offers diverse opportunities across countries. Strategic and financial investors are racing to capture the strong potential in the industry. In this report, we examine the main Office and Commercial Coffee Services trends that will likely influence the future of Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets. The Office and Commercial Coffee Services report also identifies promising investment opportunities and offers a view of how players might successfully pursue them. The pandemic led to a widening divide between rural and urban communities, and companies must overcome challenges in the Office and Commercial Coffee Services industry. Acting with determination and speed is one of the critical success factors in the near to medium future. Detailed analyses of challenges faced by Office and Commercial Coffee Services companies operating in the market are included in the report.
Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Segmentation Analysis and Outlook
The report scope encompasses major Office and Commercial Coffee Services types and major Office and Commercial Coffee Services applications worldwide and presents a detailed analysis and outlook of each specific Office and Commercial Coffee Services type and application. Forecasts of individual types and applications are provided at the global level and also analyzed for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa. In each region, the largest and fastest-growing market types and applications are analyzed. The base year is 2020 and the forecast period is from 2021 to 2028 for all segments.
Geographic Analysis: Asia Pacific countries are among the fastest-growing markets globally
We hold an optimistic outlook for both the consumption and market size outlook for Asia Pacific countries. With most countries in the Asia Pacific witnessing their currencies appreciate against the US dollar over 2021, the short-term outlook remains robust across markets. Further, over the long run, driven by attractive demographics profile in the Asia Pacific and an increasing number of middle-to-upper income households, countries in the Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services market will register a strong growth outlook throughout the forecast period. Consumers are also quickly re-prioritizing their spending away from essentials, which will support the Office and Commercial Coffee Services market growth in the Asia Pacific.
In addition to the Asia Pacific, the report also analyzes the short-term and long-term outlook of North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services market, Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services market, Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services market, Middle East, and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets. Countries covered in the scope of the Office and Commercial Coffee Services study include United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Middle East, Africa, and others.
Competitive Landscape: Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Companies
The global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market is facing intense competitive conditions as more companies continue to target specific customer bases. The recovery from the pandemic is not uniquely spread across geographies and accordingly, most companies are opting for focused strategies to localized market conditions since the start of the pandemic. For instance, the majority of European consumers continue to emphasize seeking brands with strong purpose and good values while there has been a fundamental shift from essential goods in some Asia Pacific markets. The report analyses five leading Office and Commercial Coffee Services companies including their business operations, SWOT Analysis, and financial profile.
Scope of the Office and Commercial Coffee Services Study
The global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market is poised to register optimistic growth rates throughout 2021 and 2022 as positive momentum builds in the world economy, though some differences remain among geographies. The pace of change will accelerate in the Office and Commercial Coffee Services industry and companies quickly re-aligning their strategies will emerge stronger from the unprecedented changes. However, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a major threat for most Office and Commercial Coffee Services market outlook in addition to concerns of inflation, supply-chain disruptions, and weak consumer demand.
Global Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market%li%Post COVID-19 Recovery Scenarios and Impact Analysis
The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the regional and country-level Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets worldwide. The report presents three outlook scenarios for the global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market size for 2021 and 2022.
- Low Growth: Economic recovery will be slow, supply-chain disruptions continue to pose challenges, and consumer demand remains weak.
- Medium Growth: Economic recovery will be fast, supply-chain disruptions continue, and consumer demand recovers moderately.
- High Growth: Rapid economic recovery, supply-chain disruptions handled, and consumer demand will be strong
Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Driving Factors, Restraints, and Opportunities
The global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market has significant market potential and offers diverse opportunities across countries. Strategic and financial investors are racing to capture the strong potential in the industry. In this report, we examine the main Office and Commercial Coffee Services trends that will likely influence the future of Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets. The Office and Commercial Coffee Services report also identifies promising investment opportunities and offers a view of how players might successfully pursue them. The pandemic led to a widening divide between rural and urban communities, and companies must overcome challenges in the Office and Commercial Coffee Services industry. Acting with determination and speed is one of the critical success factors in the near to medium future. Detailed analyses of challenges faced by Office and Commercial Coffee Services companies operating in the market are included in the report.
Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Segmentation Analysis and Outlook
The report scope encompasses major Office and Commercial Coffee Services types and major Office and Commercial Coffee Services applications worldwide and presents a detailed analysis and outlook of each specific Office and Commercial Coffee Services type and application. Forecasts of individual types and applications are provided at the global level and also analyzed for North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East, and Africa. In each region, the largest and fastest-growing market types and applications are analyzed. The base year is 2020 and the forecast period is from 2021 to 2028 for all segments.
Geographic Analysis: Asia Pacific countries are among the fastest-growing markets globally
We hold an optimistic outlook for both the consumption and market size outlook for Asia Pacific countries. With most countries in the Asia Pacific witnessing their currencies appreciate against the US dollar over 2021, the short-term outlook remains robust across markets. Further, over the long run, driven by attractive demographics profile in the Asia Pacific and an increasing number of middle-to-upper income households, countries in the Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services market will register a strong growth outlook throughout the forecast period. Consumers are also quickly re-prioritizing their spending away from essentials, which will support the Office and Commercial Coffee Services market growth in the Asia Pacific.
In addition to the Asia Pacific, the report also analyzes the short-term and long-term outlook of North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services market, Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services market, Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services market, Middle East, and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets. Countries covered in the scope of the Office and Commercial Coffee Services study include United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Middle East, Africa, and others.
Competitive Landscape: Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Companies
The global Office and Commercial Coffee Services market is facing intense competitive conditions as more companies continue to target specific customer bases. The recovery from the pandemic is not uniquely spread across geographies and accordingly, most companies are opting for focused strategies to localized market conditions since the start of the pandemic. For instance, the majority of European consumers continue to emphasize seeking brands with strong purpose and good values while there has been a fundamental shift from essential goods in some Asia Pacific markets. The report analyses five leading Office and Commercial Coffee Services companies including their business operations, SWOT Analysis, and financial profile.
Scope of the Office and Commercial Coffee Services Study
- Historic and Forecast period considered for the study is from 2018 to 2028
- Base Year for the study is 2020, while the forecast period is from 2021 to 2028
- The Office and Commercial Coffee Services market size is presented in value terms, in US Dollars
- Strategic Analysis Review including Trends, Drivers, Restraints, Key competitive strategies, and porter's five forces analysis
- Segments covered include types, applications, and countries/regions
- Office and Commercial Coffee Services Countries covered include US, Canada, Mexico, China, India, Japan, South Korea, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Spain, Italy, Brazil, Argentina, Other Asia/Oceania, Other Europe, Other Latin America, Middle East, Africa, and others
- Office and Commercial Coffee Services Companies including five key players in the industry and their business overview, SWOT, and financial profiles are detailed.
- The report assists in finding the right investment opportunity through a deep understanding of specific segments, and geographies
- Gain reliable current market information and long term market outlooks
- Data accessible in excel formats to support your organization with strategic analysis and economic modeling
- Improve your planning and forecasting by understanding potential opportunities, market trends, and restraints
- Stay ahead of the curve with market intelligence on 15 countries and five companies worldwide
- What are the possible scenarios of Office and Commercial Coffee Services market growth outlook in the post-pandemic period?
- Who are the major end-user industries of Office and Commercial Coffee Services?
- The impact of buyer and supplier bargaining power, the threat of new players and substitutes, and competitive rivalry?
- Which countries will gain market size in the medium to long term future?
- What are the promising trends and drivers of Office and Commercial Coffee Services markets?
- Who are the leading players and how is the competition?
1. INTRODUCTION TO OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET PAGE
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Research Methodology
1.4.1 Study Objectives
1.4.2 Market Scope and Assumptions
1.5 Abbreviations
2. OVERVIEW OF OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET
2.1 Current market information, 2021
2.2 Major Companies in Office and Commercial Coffee Services Industry
2.3 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Drivers
2.4 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Restraints
2.5 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Opportunities
2.6 Five Forces Analysis
3. BEYOND THE PANDEMIC: OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET OUTLOOK SCENARIOS
3.1 Low Growth: Economic recovery will be slow, supply-chain disruptions continue to pose challenges and consumer demand remains weak
3.2 Medium Growth: Economic recovery will be fast, supply-chain disruptions continue and consumer demand recovers moderately
3.3 High Growth: Rapid economic recovery, supply-chain disruptions handled and consumer demand will be strong
4. MACROECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC OUTLOOK
4.1 Global Economic Analysis and Outlook, 2020- 2030
4.2 Demographic Profiles of Select Countries, 2020- 2030
5. OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET OUTLOOK, BY TYPE
5.1 Current Market Information
5.2 Dominant Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Types in 2021
5.3 Types with Fastest Growth Potential between 2021 and 2028
6. OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET OUTLOOK, BY APPLICATION
6.1 Current Market Information
6.2 Dominant Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Applications in 2021
6.3 Applications with Fastest Growth Potential between 2021 and 2028
7. NORTH AMERICA OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
7.1 Key facts about the North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
7.2 North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
7.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
7.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
7.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
7.6 United States Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
7.7 Canada Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
7.8 Mexico Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8. EUROPE OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
8.1 Key facts about the Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
8.2 Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
8.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
8.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
8.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
8.6 Germany States Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.7 France Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.8 United Kingdom Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.9 Spain Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.10 Italy Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.11 Other Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9. ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
9.1 Key facts about the Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
9.2 Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
9.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
9.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
9.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
9.6 China Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.7 India Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.8 Japan Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.9 Japan Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.10 South Korea Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.11 Other Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
10. LATIN AMERICA OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
10.1 Key facts about the Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
10.2 Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
10.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
10.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
10.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
10.6 Brazil Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
10.7 Argentina Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
10.8 Other Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
11. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
11.1 Key facts about the Middle East and Africa America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
11.2 Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
11.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
11.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
11.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
11.6 Middle East Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
11.7 Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
12. GLOBAL OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKETS- COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 Key Five Players Operating in the Office and Commercial Coffee Services Industry
12.2 Business Operations
12.3 SWOT Analysis
12.4 Financial Profiles
13. APPENDIX
13.1 About VPA Research
13.2 Sources and Research Methodology
13.3 Copyright and Disclaimer
1.1 Executive Summary
1.2 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Research Methodology
1.4.1 Study Objectives
1.4.2 Market Scope and Assumptions
1.5 Abbreviations
2. OVERVIEW OF OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET
2.1 Current market information, 2021
2.2 Major Companies in Office and Commercial Coffee Services Industry
2.3 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Drivers
2.4 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Restraints
2.5 Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Opportunities
2.6 Five Forces Analysis
3. BEYOND THE PANDEMIC: OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET OUTLOOK SCENARIOS
3.1 Low Growth: Economic recovery will be slow, supply-chain disruptions continue to pose challenges and consumer demand remains weak
3.2 Medium Growth: Economic recovery will be fast, supply-chain disruptions continue and consumer demand recovers moderately
3.3 High Growth: Rapid economic recovery, supply-chain disruptions handled and consumer demand will be strong
4. MACROECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC OUTLOOK
4.1 Global Economic Analysis and Outlook, 2020- 2030
4.2 Demographic Profiles of Select Countries, 2020- 2030
5. OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET OUTLOOK, BY TYPE
5.1 Current Market Information
5.2 Dominant Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Types in 2021
5.3 Types with Fastest Growth Potential between 2021 and 2028
6. OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET OUTLOOK, BY APPLICATION
6.1 Current Market Information
6.2 Dominant Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Applications in 2021
6.3 Applications with Fastest Growth Potential between 2021 and 2028
7. NORTH AMERICA OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
7.1 Key facts about the North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
7.2 North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
7.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
7.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
7.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: North America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
7.6 United States Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
7.7 Canada Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
7.8 Mexico Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8. EUROPE OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
8.1 Key facts about the Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
8.2 Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
8.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
8.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
8.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
8.6 Germany States Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.7 France Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.8 United Kingdom Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.9 Spain Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.10 Italy Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
8.11 Other Europe Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9. ASIA PACIFIC OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
9.1 Key facts about the Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
9.2 Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
9.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
9.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
9.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
9.6 China Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.7 India Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.8 Japan Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.9 Japan Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.10 South Korea Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
9.11 Other Asia Pacific Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
10. LATIN AMERICA OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
10.1 Key facts about the Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
10.2 Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
10.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
10.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
10.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
10.6 Brazil Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
10.7 Argentina Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
10.8 Other Latin America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
11. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKET SIZE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTS
11.1 Key facts about the Middle East and Africa America Office and Commercial Coffee Services Markets
11.2 Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Trends and Opportunities
11.3 Long-term Market Outlooks: Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Type
11.4 Long-term Market Outlooks: Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Application
11.5 Long-term Market Outlooks: Middle East and Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market by Country
11.6 Middle East Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
11.7 Africa Office and Commercial Coffee Services Market Size Outlook, US$ Million, 2020- 2028
12. GLOBAL OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL COFFEE SERVICES MARKETS- COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
12.1 Key Five Players Operating in the Office and Commercial Coffee Services Industry
12.2 Business Operations
12.3 SWOT Analysis
12.4 Financial Profiles
13. APPENDIX
13.1 About VPA Research
13.2 Sources and Research Methodology
13.3 Copyright and Disclaimer
