Global Query Engine Market Growth (Status and Outlook) 2026-2032

May 2026 | 111 pages | ID: GC22A9F72D5DEN
LP Information

Abstracts

The global Query Engine market size is predicted to grow from US$ 19360 million in 2025 to US$ 40690 million in 2032; it is expected to grow at a CAGR of 11.4% from 2026 to 2032.

With the continuous development of technologies such as artificial intelligence and natural language processing, the efficiency and accuracy of query engines are expected to be further improved. For example, by using technologies such as deep learning and knowledge graphs, query engines can better understand users'' query intentions and provide more accurate answers. Real-time search and personalized search are important development trends of query engines. By monitoring and analyzing user behavior and feedback in real time, the query engine can respond to users'' query needs faster and provide more personalized search results.

LPI (LP Information)' newest research report, the ?Query Engine Industry Forecast? looks at past sales and reviews total world Query Engine sales in 2025, providing a comprehensive analysis by region and market sector of projected Query Engine sales for 2026 through 2032. With Query Engine sales broken down by region, market sector and sub-sector, this report provides a detailed analysis in US$ millions of the world Query Engine industry.

This Insight Report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global Query Engine landscape and highlights key trends related to product segmentation, company formation, revenue, and market share, latest development, and M&A activity. This report also analyses the strategies of leading global companies with a focus on Query Engine portfolios and capabilities, market entry strategies, market positions, and geographic footprints, to better understand these firms? unique position in an accelerating global Query Engine market.

This Insight Report evaluates the key market trends, drivers, and affecting factors shaping the global outlook for Query Engine and breaks down the forecast by Type, by Application, geography, and market size to highlight emerging pockets of opportunity. With a transparent methodology based on hundreds of bottom-up qualitative and quantitative market inputs, this study forecast offers a highly nuanced view of the current state and future trajectory in the global Query Engine.

This report presents a comprehensive overview, market shares, and growth opportunities of Query Engine market by product type, application, key players and key regions and countries.

Segmentation by Type:

• Crawler Search Engine
• Meta Search Engine

Segmentation by Application:

• Personal
• Commercial

This report also splits the market by region:

• Americas
• United States
• Canada
• Mexico
• Brazil
• APAC
• China
• Japan
• Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Australia
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• UK
• Italy
• Russia
• Middle East & Africa
• Egypt
• South Africa
• Israel
• Turkey
• GCC Countries

The below companies that are profiled have been selected based on inputs gathered from primary experts and analyzing the company's coverage, product portfolio, its market penetration.

• Google
• Baidu
• Microsoft
• Yahoo!
• Yandex
• IAC
• DuckDuckGo
• Hulbee
• System1
• Naver
• Kakao

Contents

1 SCOPE OF THE REPORT

1.1 Market Introduction
1.2 Years Considered
1.3 Research Objectives
1.4 Market Research Methodology
1.5 Research Process and Data Source
1.6 Economic Indicators
1.7 Currency Considered
1.8 Market Estimation Caveats

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

2.1 World Market Overview
  2.1.1 Global Query Engine Market Size (2021-2032)
  2.1.2 Query Engine Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
  2.1.3 World Current & Future Analysis for Query Engine by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
2.2 Query Engine Segment by Type
  2.2.1 Crawler Search Engine
  2.2.2 Meta Search Engine
  2.2.3 Query Engine Market Size by Type
    2.2.3.1 Query Engine Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.2.3.2 Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
2.3 Query Engine Segment by Application
  2.3.1 Personal
  2.3.2 Commercial
  2.3.3 Query Engine Market Size by Application
    2.3.3.1 Query Engine Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032)
    2.3.3.2 Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)

3 QUERY ENGINE MARKET SIZE BY PLAYER

3.1 Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Player
  3.1.1 Global Query Engine Revenue by Player (2021-2026)
  3.1.2 Global Query Engine Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
3.2 Global Query Engine Key Players Head office and Products Offered
3.3 Market Concentration Rate Analysis
  3.3.1 Competition Landscape Analysis
  3.3.2 Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
3.4 New Products and Potential Entrants
3.5 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

4 QUERY ENGINE BY REGION

4.1 Query Engine Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
4.2 Global Query Engine Annual Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026)
4.3 Americas Query Engine Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.4 APAC Query Engine Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.5 Europe Query Engine Market Size Growth (2021-2026)
4.6 Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size Growth (2021-2026)

5 AMERICAS

5.1 Americas Query Engine Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
5.2 Americas Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
5.3 Americas Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
5.4 United States
5.5 Canada
5.6 Mexico
5.7 Brazil

6 APAC

6.1 APAC Query Engine Market Size by Region (2021-2026)
6.2 APAC Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
6.3 APAC Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
6.4 China
6.5 Japan
6.6 South Korea
6.7 Southeast Asia
6.8 India
6.9 Australia

7 EUROPE

7.1 Europe Query Engine Market Size by Country (2021-2026)
7.2 Europe Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
7.3 Europe Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
7.4 Germany
7.5 France
7.6 UK
7.7 Italy
7.8 Russia

8 MIDDLE EAST & AFRICA

8.1 Middle East & Africa Query Engine by Region (2021-2026)
8.2 Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026)
8.3 Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026)
8.4 Egypt
8.5 South Africa
8.6 Israel
8.7 Turkey
8.8 GCC Countries

9 MARKET DRIVERS, CHALLENGES AND TRENDS

9.1 Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities
9.2 Market Challenges & Risks
9.3 Industry Trends

10 GLOBAL QUERY ENGINE MARKET FORECAST

10.1 Global Query Engine Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.1 Global Query Engine Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.1.2 Americas Query Engine Forecast
  10.1.3 APAC Query Engine Forecast
  10.1.4 Europe Query Engine Forecast
  10.1.5 Middle East & Africa Query Engine Forecast
10.2 Americas Query Engine Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.2.1 United States Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.2.2 Canada Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.2.3 Mexico Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.2.4 Brazil Market Query Engine Forecast
10.3 APAC Query Engine Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.3.1 China Query Engine Market Forecast
  10.3.2 Japan Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.3.3 Korea Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.3.4 Southeast Asia Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.3.5 India Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.3.6 Australia Market Query Engine Forecast
10.4 Europe Query Engine Forecast by Country (2027-2032)
  10.4.1 Germany Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.4.2 France Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.4.3 UK Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.4.4 Italy Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.4.5 Russia Market Query Engine Forecast
10.5 Middle East & Africa Query Engine Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
  10.5.1 Egypt Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.5.2 South Africa Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.5.3 Israel Market Query Engine Forecast
  10.5.4 Turkey Market Query Engine Forecast
10.6 Global Query Engine Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
10.7 Global Query Engine Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
  10.7.1 GCC Countries Market Query Engine Forecast

11 KEY PLAYERS ANALYSIS

11.1 Google
  11.1.1 Google Company Information
  11.1.2 Google Query Engine Product Offered
  11.1.3 Google Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.1.4 Google Main Business Overview
  11.1.5 Google Latest Developments
11.2 Baidu
  11.2.1 Baidu Company Information
  11.2.2 Baidu Query Engine Product Offered
  11.2.3 Baidu Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.2.4 Baidu Main Business Overview
  11.2.5 Baidu Latest Developments
11.3 Microsoft
  11.3.1 Microsoft Company Information
  11.3.2 Microsoft Query Engine Product Offered
  11.3.3 Microsoft Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.3.4 Microsoft Main Business Overview
  11.3.5 Microsoft Latest Developments
11.4 Yahoo!
  11.4.1 Yahoo! Company Information
  11.4.2 Yahoo! Query Engine Product Offered
  11.4.3 Yahoo! Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.4.4 Yahoo! Main Business Overview
  11.4.5 Yahoo! Latest Developments
11.5 Yandex
  11.5.1 Yandex Company Information
  11.5.2 Yandex Query Engine Product Offered
  11.5.3 Yandex Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.5.4 Yandex Main Business Overview
  11.5.5 Yandex Latest Developments
11.6 IAC
  11.6.1 IAC Company Information
  11.6.2 IAC Query Engine Product Offered
  11.6.3 IAC Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.6.4 IAC Main Business Overview
  11.6.5 IAC Latest Developments
11.7 DuckDuckGo
  11.7.1 DuckDuckGo Company Information
  11.7.2 DuckDuckGo Query Engine Product Offered
  11.7.3 DuckDuckGo Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.7.4 DuckDuckGo Main Business Overview
  11.7.5 DuckDuckGo Latest Developments
11.8 Hulbee
  11.8.1 Hulbee Company Information
  11.8.2 Hulbee Query Engine Product Offered
  11.8.3 Hulbee Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.8.4 Hulbee Main Business Overview
  11.8.5 Hulbee Latest Developments
11.9 System1
  11.9.1 System1 Company Information
  11.9.2 System1 Query Engine Product Offered
  11.9.3 System1 Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.9.4 System1 Main Business Overview
  11.9.5 System1 Latest Developments
11.10 Naver
  11.10.1 Naver Company Information
  11.10.2 Naver Query Engine Product Offered
  11.10.3 Naver Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.10.4 Naver Main Business Overview
  11.10.5 Naver Latest Developments
11.11 Kakao
  11.11.1 Kakao Company Information
  11.11.2 Kakao Query Engine Product Offered
  11.11.3 Kakao Query Engine Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
  11.11.4 Kakao Main Business Overview
  11.11.5 Kakao Latest Developments

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Query Engine Market Size CAGR by Region (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 2. Query Engine Annual Sales CAGR by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 3. Major Players of Crawler Search Engine
Table 4. Major Players of Meta Search Engine
Table 5. Query Engine Market Size CAGR by Type (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 6. Global Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 7. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 8. Query Engine Market Size CAGR by Application (2021 VS 2025 VS 2032) & ($ millions)
Table 9. Global Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 10. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 11. Global Query Engine Revenue by Player (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 12. Global Query Engine Revenue Market Share by Player (2021-2026)
Table 13. Query Engine Key Players Head office and Products Offered
Table 14. Query Engine Concentration Ratio (CR3, CR5 and CR10) & (2024-2026)
Table 15. New Products and Potential Entrants
Table 16. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
Table 17. Global Query Engine Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 18. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 19. Global Query Engine Revenue by Country/Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 20. Global Query Engine Revenue Market Share by Country/Region (2021-2026)
Table 21. Americas Query Engine Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 22. Americas Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 23. Americas Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 24. Americas Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Table 25. Americas Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 26. Americas Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Table 27. APAC Query Engine Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 28. APAC Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Table 29. APAC Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 30. APAC Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 31. Europe Query Engine Market Size by Country (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 32. Europe Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Country (2021-2026)
Table 33. Europe Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 34. Europe Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 35. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size by Region (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 36. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size by Type (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 37. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size by Application (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Table 38. Key Market Drivers & Growth Opportunities of Query Engine
Table 39. Key Market Challenges & Risks of Query Engine
Table 40. Key Industry Trends of Query Engine
Table 41. Global Query Engine Market Size Forecast by Region (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 42. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share Forecast by Region (2027-2032)
Table 43. Global Query Engine Market Size Forecast by Type (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 44. Global Query Engine Market Size Forecast by Application (2027-2032) & ($ millions)
Table 45. Google Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 46. Google Query Engine Product Offered
Table 47. Google Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 48. Google Main Business
Table 49. Google Latest Developments
Table 50. Baidu Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 51. Baidu Query Engine Product Offered
Table 52. Baidu Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 53. Baidu Main Business
Table 54. Baidu Latest Developments
Table 55. Microsoft Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 56. Microsoft Query Engine Product Offered
Table 57. Microsoft Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 58. Microsoft Main Business
Table 59. Microsoft Latest Developments
Table 60. Yahoo! Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 61. Yahoo! Query Engine Product Offered
Table 62. Yahoo! Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 63. Yahoo! Main Business
Table 64. Yahoo! Latest Developments
Table 65. Yandex Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 66. Yandex Query Engine Product Offered
Table 67. Yandex Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 68. Yandex Main Business
Table 69. Yandex Latest Developments
Table 70. IAC Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 71. IAC Query Engine Product Offered
Table 72. IAC Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 73. IAC Main Business
Table 74. IAC Latest Developments
Table 75. DuckDuckGo Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 76. DuckDuckGo Query Engine Product Offered
Table 77. DuckDuckGo Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 78. DuckDuckGo Main Business
Table 79. DuckDuckGo Latest Developments
Table 80. Hulbee Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 81. Hulbee Query Engine Product Offered
Table 82. Hulbee Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 83. Hulbee Main Business
Table 84. Hulbee Latest Developments
Table 85. System1 Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 86. System1 Query Engine Product Offered
Table 87. System1 Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 88. System1 Main Business
Table 89. System1 Latest Developments
Table 90. Naver Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 91. Naver Query Engine Product Offered
Table 92. Naver Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 93. Naver Main Business
Table 94. Naver Latest Developments
Table 95. Kakao Details, Company Type, Query Engine Area Served and Its Competitors
Table 96. Kakao Query Engine Product Offered
Table 97. Kakao Query Engine Revenue ($ million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2021-2026)
Table 98. Kakao Main Business
Table 99. Kakao Latest Developments

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Query Engine Report Years Considered
Figure 2. Research Objectives
Figure 3. Research Methodology
Figure 4. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 5. Global Query Engine Market Size Growth Rate (2021-2032) ($ millions)
Figure 6. Query Engine Sales by Geographic Region (2021, 2025 & 2032) & ($ millions)
Figure 7. Query Engine Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2025)
Figure 8. Query Engine Sales Market Share by Country/Region (2021, 2025 & 2032)
Figure 9. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type in 2025
Figure 10. Query Engine in Personal
Figure 11. Global Query Engine Market: Personal (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 12. Query Engine in Commercial
Figure 13. Global Query Engine Market: Commercial (2021-2026) & ($ millions)
Figure 14. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application in 2025
Figure 15. Global Query Engine Revenue Market Share by Player in 2025
Figure 16. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 17. Americas Query Engine Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 18. APAC Query Engine Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 19. Europe Query Engine Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 20. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 21. Americas Query Engine Value Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 22. United States Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 23. Canada Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 24. Mexico Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 25. Brazil Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 26. APAC Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Region in 2025
Figure 27. APAC Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 28. APAC Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 29. China Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 30. Japan Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 31. South Korea Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 32. Southeast Asia Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 33. India Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 34. Australia Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 35. Europe Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Country in 2025
Figure 36. Europe Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 37. Europe Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 38. Germany Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 39. France Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 40. UK Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 41. Italy Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 42. Russia Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 43. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Region (2021-2026)
Figure 44. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Type (2021-2026)
Figure 45. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size Market Share by Application (2021-2026)
Figure 46. Egypt Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 47. South Africa Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 48. Israel Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 49. Turkey Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 50. GCC Countries Query Engine Market Size Growth 2021-2026 ($ millions)
Figure 51. Americas Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 52. APAC Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 53. Europe Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 54. Middle East & Africa Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 55. United States Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 56. Canada Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 57. Mexico Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 58. Brazil Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 59. China Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 60. Japan Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 61. Korea Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 62. Southeast Asia Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 63. India Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 64. Australia Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 65. Germany Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 66. France Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 67. UK Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 68. Italy Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 69. Russia Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 70. Egypt Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 71. South Africa Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 72. Israel Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 73. Turkey Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)
Figure 74. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share Forecast by Type (2027-2032)
Figure 75. Global Query Engine Market Size Market Share Forecast by Application (2027-2032)
Figure 76. GCC Countries Query Engine Market Size 2027-2032 ($ millions)