Parkinson's Disease: World Drug Market 2013-2023
Report Details
Your guide to sales outlooks and R&D for treating Parkinson's
Where are treatments for Parkinson's disease heading - technological and commercial outlooks? Visiongain's updated report gives you forecasted revenues to 2023 and shows you R&D trends, opportunities and industry prospects. Emerging technologies hold promise.
Our new study investigates developments, also letting you assess projected sales data at overall world market, submarket and national level. There you investigate the most promising areas in that industry and market segment for neurodegenerative disorders.
Forecasts and other analyses to help you stay ahead in knowledge
In our report you find revenue forecasting to 2023, growth rates and market shares. Also, you see qualitative analysis (SWOT), business news, outlooks and developmental trends (R&D). You receive 63 tables, 38 charts and four research interviews.
You can stay ahead in knowledge for treating that motor system disorder and benefit your research and analyses. Our work lets you discover industry dynamics and growth potentials.
Make sure you know the latest trends, innovations and opportunities. The following sections show what you find in our study.
You see prospects for the world market and submarkets
Along with predictions of overall world market value, you see revenue forecasting of five submarkets at world level. We show sales data from 2011 to 2023:
Our work also breaks the overall world PD forecast into leading national markets.
Prospects to 2023 for leading countries
Developments worldwide will influence the Parkinson's drug market, especially rising demand in emerging countries. There are many opportunities.
You discover individual revenue forecasts to 2023 for seven national markets and one developing market block. Find relevant overall sales:
Research and development - see trends and possibilities
What about the R&D pipeline for Parkinson's treatment? You assess developmental trends there:
Leading companies and market value in 2016
What will happen next? The pharmaceutical industry will improve treatments for Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative disorders. The R&D pipeline is strong, broad and promising.
Overall world revenue for drugs treating PD will reach $3426m in 2016, our report forecasts. Ageing populations will increase sales of those medicines. Also, improved understanding of the disease, drug delivery and other technological advances will be important.
In our study you find discussions of these companies and others:
Eight main ways Parkinson's Disease: World Drug Market 2013-2023 helps you
In particular, then, our investigation gives you the following knowledge on the topic:
That work gives independent analysis from our primary and secondary research. You receive business intelligence found only in our study, seeing where prospects are lucrative.
With our report you are less likely to fall behind in knowledge or miss opportunity. See how you could benefit your research, analyses and decisions, saving time and getting you recognition for technological and commercial insight.
Discover prospects for Parkinson's treatments by ordering now
Visiongain's study is for everyone needing analysis of the industry and market for treating neurodegenerative disorders. You find data, trends and predictions. Please ask for our report now.
Your guide to sales outlooks and R&D for treating Parkinson's
Where are treatments for Parkinson's disease heading - technological and commercial outlooks? Visiongain's updated report gives you forecasted revenues to 2023 and shows you R&D trends, opportunities and industry prospects. Emerging technologies hold promise.
Our new study investigates developments, also letting you assess projected sales data at overall world market, submarket and national level. There you investigate the most promising areas in that industry and market segment for neurodegenerative disorders.
Forecasts and other analyses to help you stay ahead in knowledge
In our report you find revenue forecasting to 2023, growth rates and market shares. Also, you see qualitative analysis (SWOT), business news, outlooks and developmental trends (R&D). You receive 63 tables, 38 charts and four research interviews.
You can stay ahead in knowledge for treating that motor system disorder and benefit your research and analyses. Our work lets you discover industry dynamics and growth potentials.
Make sure you know the latest trends, innovations and opportunities. The following sections show what you find in our study.
You see prospects for the world market and submarkets
Along with predictions of overall world market value, you see revenue forecasting of five submarkets at world level. We show sales data from 2011 to 2023:
- Dopaminergic agents
- Dopamine receptor agonists
- COMT inhibitors
- MAO inhibitors
- Other mechanisms of action (grouped).
Our work also breaks the overall world PD forecast into leading national markets.
Prospects to 2023 for leading countries
Developments worldwide will influence the Parkinson's drug market, especially rising demand in emerging countries. There are many opportunities.
You discover individual revenue forecasts to 2023 for seven national markets and one developing market block. Find relevant overall sales:
- US
- Japan
- Germany, France, UK, Italy and Spain (EU5 countries)
- Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC nations, grouped analysis).
Research and development - see trends and possibilities
What about the R&D pipeline for Parkinson's treatment? You assess developmental trends there:
- Adenosine receptor antagonists
- Glutamatergic drugs
- LID treatment options
- Agents for non-motor symptoms
- Treatment of psychosis
- Alleviation of PD sleep disorders
- Pain treatment
- Nicotinic receptor targeting.
- Possible neuroprotectants (including Azilect)
- Biomarkers
- GDNF and other growth factors
- Peptide drugs
- Gene therapies
- Neurotrophic factors and PD treatment with stem cells
- Therapeutic vaccines.
Leading companies and market value in 2016
What will happen next? The pharmaceutical industry will improve treatments for Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative disorders. The R&D pipeline is strong, broad and promising.
Overall world revenue for drugs treating PD will reach $3426m in 2016, our report forecasts. Ageing populations will increase sales of those medicines. Also, improved understanding of the disease, drug delivery and other technological advances will be important.
In our study you find discussions of these companies and others:
- Novartis
- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
- Newron
- Teva
- Addex
- Abbott.
Eight main ways Parkinson's Disease: World Drug Market 2013-2023 helps you
In particular, then, our investigation gives you the following knowledge on the topic:
- Forecasted revenues to 2023 for the overall world market and 5 submarkets - you discover the industry's future prospects
- Market forecasting to 2023 for US, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Spain, Italy and BRIC nations - you see national and regional sales outlooks
- Review of R&D pipelines - you hear about progress in established and emerging research areas and see commercial possibilities
- Opinions on the sector - you discover our interviews with authorities in the field
- Assessment of companies - you find activities, products, strategies and outlooks
- Competition and opportunities influencing sales - you see what affects the future
- Discussions of what stimulates and restrains the industry and market - you assess commercial trends, drivers and restraints
- Prospects for established firms and those seeking to enter the sector - you see factors and outlooks for success.
That work gives independent analysis from our primary and secondary research. You receive business intelligence found only in our study, seeing where prospects are lucrative.
With our report you are less likely to fall behind in knowledge or miss opportunity. See how you could benefit your research, analyses and decisions, saving time and getting you recognition for technological and commercial insight.
Discover prospects for Parkinson's treatments by ordering now
Visiongain's study is for everyone needing analysis of the industry and market for treating neurodegenerative disorders. You find data, trends and predictions. Please ask for our report now.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 Parkinson's Disease: Market Overview
1.2 Contents of this Report
1.3 Research and Analysis Methods
2. PARKINSON'S DISEASE: OVERVIEW
2.1 Parkinson's is Characterised by Dopamine Depletion
2.2 Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
2.2.1 Tremor
2.2.2 Rigidity
2.2.3 Bradykinesia
2.2.4 Postural Instability
2.2.5 Other Motor Symptoms
2.3 Cognitive, Behavioural and Other Symptoms
2.3.1 Cognitive Deficits
2.3.2 Behavioural and Mood Difficulties
2.3.3 Other Symptoms
2.4 Subtypes and Possible Origin of the Disease
2.5 Timeline of Parkinson's Disease Treatment
3. PARKINSON'S DISEASE TREATMENT: MARKET OVERVIEW 2013-2023
3.1 How Much Growth Can Be Expected in the Parkinson's Disease Market, 2013-2023?
3.1.1 Overall Market Forecast for 2012-2023
3.2 Three Franchises Held 60% of the Market in 2011
3.2.1 Mirapex Drops Back in 2011
3.2.2 Patent Protection is Nearly at an End for the Leading Drugs
3.2.3 Important Generic Launches in 2011-2012
3.3 The Three Market Leaders: Overview
3.3.1 Comtan/Stalevo: Leading Parkinson's Disease Drug
3.3.2 Requip: Leading the Dopamine Agonist Segment
3.3.3 Azilect: Set to Become Market Leader
3.3.3.1 Azilect: The First Neuroprotectant?
3.4 Leading Companies in the Parkinson's Disease Treatment Market
4. LEADING NATIONAL MARKETS, 2013-2023
4.1 The EU5 Represented the Largest Regional Parkinson's Disease Market in 2011
4.2 The BRIC Nations Will Be the Fastest-Growing Region in the Forecast Period
4.3 The US Represents a Quarter of the Market
4.3.1 Market Projection for the US, 2012-2023
4.4 EU5: Ageing Populations and Fiscal Restrictions
4.4.1 Market Projection for the EU5 Group, 2012-2023
4.4.2 Breakdown of the EU5 by Country, 2011
4.4.3 Changes in Market Shares of the EU5 Countries, 2012-2023
4.4.4 Germany 2012-2023: The Largest EU5 Market
4.4.5 France 2012-2023: EU5's Highest Healthcare Spender
4.4.6 UK 2012-2023: Spending Restrictions
4.4.7 Spain 2012-2023: Facing Significant Cost-Containment Measures
4.4.8 Italy 2012-2023: One in Five People Are Over 65
4.5 Japan 2012-2023: Second-Largest National Market in 2012
4.5.1 Market Projection for Japan, 2012-2023
4.6 BRIC Nations: The Rapid-Growth Area for Pharma
4.6.1 Market Projection for the BRIC Nations Group 2012-2023
5. MARKET SEGMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, 2013-2023
5.1 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: the Leading Class of Drug in 2011
5.2 How Will the Balance of Market Share Shift During the Forecast Period?
5.3 Dopaminergic Agents: The Foundation of Parkinson's Disease Treatment
5.3.1 Levodopa and Carbidopa
5.3.2 Brands of Dopaminergic Agent
5.3.3 Use of Dopaminergic Agents Will Remain Central to Parkinson's Disease Management
5.3.4 A New Commercial Life for Dopaminergic Agents?
5.3.5 Market Projection for Dopaminergic Agents, 2012-2023
5.4 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: The Leading Class in 2011
5.4.1 Mechanism of Action Makes Dopamine Receptor Agonists a Good First-Line Therapy
5.4.2 Multiple Products Exist in the Dopamine Receptor Agonists Class
5.4.3 A Thin Pipeline in this Segment
5.4.4 Commercial Opportunities for Dopamine Receptor Agonists
5.4.5 Market Projection for Dopamine Receptor Agonists, 2012-2023
5.5 COMT Inhibitors: The Segment with the Leading Product in 2011
5.5.1 COMT Inhibitors as Adjuncts to Dopaminergic Agents
5.5.2 Limitations of COMT Inhibitors
5.5.3 Future Commercial Scope for COMT Inhibitors
5.5.4 Market Projection for COMT Inhibitors, 2012-2023
5.6 MAO Inhibitors: A Growing Segment
5.6.1 Another Useful Adjunct to Levodopa
5.6.2 MAO Inhibitors Have Advantages over COMT Inhibitors
5.6.3 Potential for New Growth in the Sector
5.6.4 Market Projection for MAO Inhibitors, 2012-2023
5.7 Other Mechanisms of Action: The Major Driver for the Market
5.7.1 A Broad and Diverse Segment
5.7.2 The Key New Mechanisms of Action
5.7.3 Market Projection for Other Mechanisms of Action, 2012-2023
6. R&D PIPELINE FOR TREATING PARKINSON'S DISEASE, 2012
6.1 New Mechanisms of Action in the Late-Stage Pipeline
6.2 The Phase 3 Pipeline: Overview
6.3 Rytary (Impax Laboratories): The Next Version of Levodopa to Reach the Market
6.3.1 FDA Delays Until January 2013
6.3.2 Will Impax Make an Impact in PD in 2013?
6.3.3 Back to Basics: Reformulating Levodopa as a PD R&D Strategy
6.4 Safinamide (Newron): New MAO Inhibitor with Multiple Mechanisms of Action
6.4.1 Safinamide Partnerships
6.4.2 Commercial Prospects for Safinamide
6.4.3 New Versions of Existing PD Mechanisms of Action
6.5 Istradefylline (Kyowa Hakko Kirin): First-in-Class A2A Receptor Antagonist
6.5.1 Will Istradefylline Be Launched Outside Japan?
6.5.2 Apokyn: Kyowa Hakko Kirin's Other PD Programme
6.5.3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: A New Option in PD Treatment
6.6 Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (Abbott Laboratories)
6.6.1 An Expensive Option?
6.7 ACP-103 (Acadia Pharmaceuticals)
6.7.1 PD Psychosis: A Major Unmet Need
6.7.2 No Motoric Side-Effects, But Can ACP-103 Show Antipsychotic Efficacy?
6.7.3 Treating the Non-Motor Symptoms of PD: Another Important Pipeline Theme
6.8 Opicapone (Bial - Portela)
6.9 Preladenant (Merck): The First Adenosine Receptor Antagonist to Reach Ex-Japanese Markets?
6.9.1 The Adenosine Receptor Antagonist with the Highest Market Potential?
6.10 Pitolisant (Bioprojet Pharma): The First Treatment for PD Sleep Disorders?
6.11 Northera (Chelsea Therapeutics): Another Possible Symptomatic Treatment
6.11.1 Established in the Japanese Market for 20+ Years
6.11.2 Orphan Treatment for Common PD Symptom
6.11.3 Northera's Road to Approval Blocked?
6.12 Oxycodone/Naxolone (Mundipharma Research): Severe Pain Drug May Meet Unmet Need in PD
6.12.1 Pain in PD: Another Symptom that Needs to be Addressed
6.13 SYN115 (Biotie Therapies): Another Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in the Race to Market
6.13.1 Could SYN115 Become the Best-in-Class?
6.13.2 SYN118: A Second Candidate
6.14 Nurelin (Adamas Pharmaceuticals): A New LID Treatment Option
6.14.1 A New Twist on an Established Drug
6.14.2 Glutamatergic Drugs Have the Highest Potential of Any of the Near-Term Pipeline Products
6.15 The Phase 2 Pipeline: Overview
6.16 AFQ056 (Novartis): First mGLuR5 Antagonist to Market?
6.16.1 The New Generation of Glutamatergic Drugs
6.16.2 AFQ056 vs. Dipraglurant
6.16.3 AQW051: Novartis Also Targeting Nicotinic Receptors
6.16.4 Nicotinic Receptor Targeting
6.17 Dipraglurant-IR (Addex Therapeutics): Competing for the mGluR5 Market
6.17.1 Allosteric Modulators: An Emerging New Approach
6.17.2 Can Dipraglurant Become a New PD Blockbuster?
6.17.3 ADX88178 (Addex Therapeutics)
6.17.4 Domain Therapeutics: Targeting the Same Therapeutic Approach
6.18 Fipamezole (Santhera Pharmaceuticals): Another Challenger in the A2a Antagonist Space
6.19 CVT-301 (Civitas Therapeutics): Levodopa for the Deep Lung
6.20 DM-1992 (Depomed): Gastric Retention Levodopa
6.21 Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa (Intec Pharma): Another Option to Reduce Levodopa Dosing Needs
6.22 Oxybutynin and Clonidine Oral Solution (Orient Pharma): Treatment for Sialorrhoea
6.22 Sialorrhoea: A Socially Difficult Symptom of PD
6.23 NH004 (NeuroHealing)
6.24 VR040 (Vectura Group)
6.25 XP21279 (XenoPort)
6.26 The Phase 1 and Preclinical Pipeline: Overview
6.26.1 ND0611 (Neuroderm)
6.27 Neu-120 (Neurim Pharmaceuticals)
6.28 Ordopidine (Neurosearch)
6.29 ProNeura Continuous Release Dopamine Agonist (Titan Pharmaceuticals)
6.30 V81444 (Vernalis): Regained Rights from Biogen Idec
6.31 AVE8112 (Sanofi/MJFF)
6.32 SKL-PD (SK Biosciences)
7. THE NEXT FRONTIER IN PD TREATMENT: DISEASE-MODIFYING TREATMENTS R&D PIPELINE
7.1 Disease Modification and Neuroprotection: Basic Concepts
7.1.1 Why Do Cells Die in PD and What Would Stop Them?
7.2 Azilect: the Leading Candidate Neuroprotectant Among Existing Approved Drugs
7.2.1 Azilect's Presumed Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Action
7.2.2 How can Neuroprotective Effects be Measured?
7.2.3 Early Interventions and Delayed Starts
7.2.4 'This is Close, But It's Not Good Enough': The ADAGIO Trial Verdict
7.2.5 Where Does the Failure of the Azilect Trial Leave the Disease Modification Concept?
7.3 How Will We Know Disease Modification if We See It? Progress in Biomarkers, Imaging and Disease Models
7.3.1 The $30m Search for PD Biomarkers
7.3.2 When Will We Have Robust PD Biomarkers?
7.3.3 Players in the PD Biomarkers Field
7.3.4 SPECT, PET and MRI: Shining a Light on PD
7.3.5 Disease Process, not Disease Endstage: New Animal Models for Disease Modification
7.4 Candidates for Disease Modification: Pipeline Overview
7.5 Coenzyme Q10 (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS])
7.5.1 A Nutritional Supplement with Limited Commercial Scope
7.5.2 Nearly Two Decades of Investigation
7.5.3 Dietary Supplements as Disease Modifiers
7.6 Repurposing Existing Drugs for PD
7.7 Exenatide (University College London)
7.7.1 Rationale for Repurposing Exenatide
7.8 Isradipine (The Parkinson Study Group)
7.8.1 Blocking Brain Calcium Channels
7.9 Other Possible Small-Molecule Disease-Modifying Agents
7.10 Cogane (Phytopharm)
7.10.1 Cogane's Possible Disease-Modification Mechanism
7.10.2 One of the Leading Small Molecules in the Disease Modification Hunt
7.11 AZD3241 (AstraZeneca): First Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor in PD Trials
7.12 AT2101/AT3375 (Amicus Therapeutics): Innovative 'Pharmacological Chaperone'
7.13 VAR 10300 (Varinel): Virtual Company's Possible PD Candidate
7.13.1 Multiple Mechanisms of Action
7.14 NP001 (Neuraltus)
7.15 XP23829 (XenoPort): A Promising Prodrug
7.16 GDNF and Other Growth Factors: A Neglected Possibility?
7.17 MANF (Amarantus BioSciences): A Future Biological Blockbuster?
7.18 Peptide Drugs
7.19 GM6 (Genervon Biopharmaceuticals)
7.19.1 Impressive Animal Model Results
7.20 NNZ-2591 (Neuren Pharmaceuticals)
7.21 Davunetide (Allon Therapeutics)
7.22 Gene Therapies
7.23 ProSavin (Oxford BioMedica)
7.23.1 ProSavin Clinical Trials Performance to Date
7.23.2 Will ProSavin Lead The Charge In PD Gene Therapy?
7.24 CERE-120 (Ceregene): Delivering Neurotrophic Factors
7.24.1 Repairing Dopaminergic Neurons in Human Beings
7.24.2 Can New Trial Succeed Where Past Attempts Failed?
7.25 AAV-hAADC-2 (Genzyme): AAV Gene Therapy Due to Complete Phase 1 in Q1 2013
7.26 Collategene (Vical/AnGes): Angiogenic Gene Therapy
7.27 AAV2-GDNF (uniQure)
7.28 Cellular Therapies
7.29 Spheramine (Bayer): RPE Cells to Make Levodopa
7.30 NTCELL (Living Cell Technologies)
7.31 Stem Cell Approaches to PD
7.32 NeuroGeneration - PD Treatment with Autologous Neural Stem Cells
7.33 BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics - Proprietary NurOwn Cells
7.34 Therapeutic Vaccine Approaches
7.35 Affitope PD01 (Affiris) - The First Vaccine for PD
8. QUALITATIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS
8.1 Strengths: Parkinson's Disease is a Prevalent and Treatable Disease
8.2 Weaknesses: Products on the Market Have Limitations and Can Be Superseded
8.3 Opportunities: Neurodegenerative Disorder Treatments Are a Fertile R&D Area
8.4 Threats: New Parkinson's Treatments May Be Subject to Political, Commercial and Social Pressures
9. INTERVIEWS
9.1 Interview with Dr Kieran Breen, Parkinson's UK
9.1.1 Repositioning Drugs, and Bigger Databases: Developments in the PD Market in 2011-2012
9.1.2 The New Non-Dopaminergic Drugs
9.1.3 The Challenge of Disease Modification
9.1.4 New Formulations of Levodopa
9.1.5 The Next Decade for Parkinson's Disease
9.2 Interview with Chris Maggos, Addex Therapeutics
9.2.1 What Differentiates Addex's Candidates?
9.2.2 Understanding the Glutamatergic Approach
9.2.3 Dipraglurant's Progress
9.2.4 How Glutamatergic Drugs Might Change the Treatment Paradigm
9.2.5 Other Addex Programmes
9.2.6 What Will the Next Decade Bring in PD Treatment?
9.3 Interview with Dr Marie Chesselet, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
9.3.1 Current Understanding of Parkinson's Disease Genetic Basis
9.3.2 Challenges of Animal Models
9.3.3 Disease Modification Possibilities
9.3.4 Bringing New Research to the Clinic
9.4 Interview with Mr Larry Glass, Neuren Pharmaceuticals
9.4.1 Failure of Clinical Trials Testing Neuroprotective Agents
9.4.2 Neuroprotective Agent - NNZ-2566
9.4.3 Sub-classes of Neuroprotective Agents
9.4.4 Promising Neuroprotective Agents
9.4.5 Potential of Neuroprotective Agents
10. CONCLUSIONS
10.1 The PD Market is Set for an Important Transition in the Forecast Period
10.2 New Classes of Parkinson's Disease Drug to Emerge by 2013
10.3 Disease Modification Remains the Goal
10.4 Strong Underlying Factors Drive Growth in this Market
1.1 Parkinson's Disease: Market Overview
1.2 Contents of this Report
1.3 Research and Analysis Methods
2. PARKINSON'S DISEASE: OVERVIEW
2.1 Parkinson's is Characterised by Dopamine Depletion
2.2 Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
2.2.1 Tremor
2.2.2 Rigidity
2.2.3 Bradykinesia
2.2.4 Postural Instability
2.2.5 Other Motor Symptoms
2.3 Cognitive, Behavioural and Other Symptoms
2.3.1 Cognitive Deficits
2.3.2 Behavioural and Mood Difficulties
2.3.3 Other Symptoms
2.4 Subtypes and Possible Origin of the Disease
2.5 Timeline of Parkinson's Disease Treatment
3. PARKINSON'S DISEASE TREATMENT: MARKET OVERVIEW 2013-2023
3.1 How Much Growth Can Be Expected in the Parkinson's Disease Market, 2013-2023?
3.1.1 Overall Market Forecast for 2012-2023
3.2 Three Franchises Held 60% of the Market in 2011
3.2.1 Mirapex Drops Back in 2011
3.2.2 Patent Protection is Nearly at an End for the Leading Drugs
3.2.3 Important Generic Launches in 2011-2012
3.3 The Three Market Leaders: Overview
3.3.1 Comtan/Stalevo: Leading Parkinson's Disease Drug
3.3.2 Requip: Leading the Dopamine Agonist Segment
3.3.3 Azilect: Set to Become Market Leader
3.3.3.1 Azilect: The First Neuroprotectant?
3.4 Leading Companies in the Parkinson's Disease Treatment Market
4. LEADING NATIONAL MARKETS, 2013-2023
4.1 The EU5 Represented the Largest Regional Parkinson's Disease Market in 2011
4.2 The BRIC Nations Will Be the Fastest-Growing Region in the Forecast Period
4.3 The US Represents a Quarter of the Market
4.3.1 Market Projection for the US, 2012-2023
4.4 EU5: Ageing Populations and Fiscal Restrictions
4.4.1 Market Projection for the EU5 Group, 2012-2023
4.4.2 Breakdown of the EU5 by Country, 2011
4.4.3 Changes in Market Shares of the EU5 Countries, 2012-2023
4.4.4 Germany 2012-2023: The Largest EU5 Market
4.4.5 France 2012-2023: EU5's Highest Healthcare Spender
4.4.6 UK 2012-2023: Spending Restrictions
4.4.7 Spain 2012-2023: Facing Significant Cost-Containment Measures
4.4.8 Italy 2012-2023: One in Five People Are Over 65
4.5 Japan 2012-2023: Second-Largest National Market in 2012
4.5.1 Market Projection for Japan, 2012-2023
4.6 BRIC Nations: The Rapid-Growth Area for Pharma
4.6.1 Market Projection for the BRIC Nations Group 2012-2023
5. MARKET SEGMENTS FOR TREATMENT OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE, 2013-2023
5.1 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: the Leading Class of Drug in 2011
5.2 How Will the Balance of Market Share Shift During the Forecast Period?
5.3 Dopaminergic Agents: The Foundation of Parkinson's Disease Treatment
5.3.1 Levodopa and Carbidopa
5.3.2 Brands of Dopaminergic Agent
5.3.3 Use of Dopaminergic Agents Will Remain Central to Parkinson's Disease Management
5.3.4 A New Commercial Life for Dopaminergic Agents?
5.3.5 Market Projection for Dopaminergic Agents, 2012-2023
5.4 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: The Leading Class in 2011
5.4.1 Mechanism of Action Makes Dopamine Receptor Agonists a Good First-Line Therapy
5.4.2 Multiple Products Exist in the Dopamine Receptor Agonists Class
5.4.3 A Thin Pipeline in this Segment
5.4.4 Commercial Opportunities for Dopamine Receptor Agonists
5.4.5 Market Projection for Dopamine Receptor Agonists, 2012-2023
5.5 COMT Inhibitors: The Segment with the Leading Product in 2011
5.5.1 COMT Inhibitors as Adjuncts to Dopaminergic Agents
5.5.2 Limitations of COMT Inhibitors
5.5.3 Future Commercial Scope for COMT Inhibitors
5.5.4 Market Projection for COMT Inhibitors, 2012-2023
5.6 MAO Inhibitors: A Growing Segment
5.6.1 Another Useful Adjunct to Levodopa
5.6.2 MAO Inhibitors Have Advantages over COMT Inhibitors
5.6.3 Potential for New Growth in the Sector
5.6.4 Market Projection for MAO Inhibitors, 2012-2023
5.7 Other Mechanisms of Action: The Major Driver for the Market
5.7.1 A Broad and Diverse Segment
5.7.2 The Key New Mechanisms of Action
5.7.3 Market Projection for Other Mechanisms of Action, 2012-2023
6. R&D PIPELINE FOR TREATING PARKINSON'S DISEASE, 2012
6.1 New Mechanisms of Action in the Late-Stage Pipeline
6.2 The Phase 3 Pipeline: Overview
6.3 Rytary (Impax Laboratories): The Next Version of Levodopa to Reach the Market
6.3.1 FDA Delays Until January 2013
6.3.2 Will Impax Make an Impact in PD in 2013?
6.3.3 Back to Basics: Reformulating Levodopa as a PD R&D Strategy
6.4 Safinamide (Newron): New MAO Inhibitor with Multiple Mechanisms of Action
6.4.1 Safinamide Partnerships
6.4.2 Commercial Prospects for Safinamide
6.4.3 New Versions of Existing PD Mechanisms of Action
6.5 Istradefylline (Kyowa Hakko Kirin): First-in-Class A2A Receptor Antagonist
6.5.1 Will Istradefylline Be Launched Outside Japan?
6.5.2 Apokyn: Kyowa Hakko Kirin's Other PD Programme
6.5.3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: A New Option in PD Treatment
6.6 Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (Abbott Laboratories)
6.6.1 An Expensive Option?
6.7 ACP-103 (Acadia Pharmaceuticals)
6.7.1 PD Psychosis: A Major Unmet Need
6.7.2 No Motoric Side-Effects, But Can ACP-103 Show Antipsychotic Efficacy?
6.7.3 Treating the Non-Motor Symptoms of PD: Another Important Pipeline Theme
6.8 Opicapone (Bial - Portela)
6.9 Preladenant (Merck): The First Adenosine Receptor Antagonist to Reach Ex-Japanese Markets?
6.9.1 The Adenosine Receptor Antagonist with the Highest Market Potential?
6.10 Pitolisant (Bioprojet Pharma): The First Treatment for PD Sleep Disorders?
6.11 Northera (Chelsea Therapeutics): Another Possible Symptomatic Treatment
6.11.1 Established in the Japanese Market for 20+ Years
6.11.2 Orphan Treatment for Common PD Symptom
6.11.3 Northera's Road to Approval Blocked?
6.12 Oxycodone/Naxolone (Mundipharma Research): Severe Pain Drug May Meet Unmet Need in PD
6.12.1 Pain in PD: Another Symptom that Needs to be Addressed
6.13 SYN115 (Biotie Therapies): Another Adenosine Receptor Antagonist in the Race to Market
6.13.1 Could SYN115 Become the Best-in-Class?
6.13.2 SYN118: A Second Candidate
6.14 Nurelin (Adamas Pharmaceuticals): A New LID Treatment Option
6.14.1 A New Twist on an Established Drug
6.14.2 Glutamatergic Drugs Have the Highest Potential of Any of the Near-Term Pipeline Products
6.15 The Phase 2 Pipeline: Overview
6.16 AFQ056 (Novartis): First mGLuR5 Antagonist to Market?
6.16.1 The New Generation of Glutamatergic Drugs
6.16.2 AFQ056 vs. Dipraglurant
6.16.3 AQW051: Novartis Also Targeting Nicotinic Receptors
6.16.4 Nicotinic Receptor Targeting
6.17 Dipraglurant-IR (Addex Therapeutics): Competing for the mGluR5 Market
6.17.1 Allosteric Modulators: An Emerging New Approach
6.17.2 Can Dipraglurant Become a New PD Blockbuster?
6.17.3 ADX88178 (Addex Therapeutics)
6.17.4 Domain Therapeutics: Targeting the Same Therapeutic Approach
6.18 Fipamezole (Santhera Pharmaceuticals): Another Challenger in the A2a Antagonist Space
6.19 CVT-301 (Civitas Therapeutics): Levodopa for the Deep Lung
6.20 DM-1992 (Depomed): Gastric Retention Levodopa
6.21 Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa (Intec Pharma): Another Option to Reduce Levodopa Dosing Needs
6.22 Oxybutynin and Clonidine Oral Solution (Orient Pharma): Treatment for Sialorrhoea
6.22 Sialorrhoea: A Socially Difficult Symptom of PD
6.23 NH004 (NeuroHealing)
6.24 VR040 (Vectura Group)
6.25 XP21279 (XenoPort)
6.26 The Phase 1 and Preclinical Pipeline: Overview
6.26.1 ND0611 (Neuroderm)
6.27 Neu-120 (Neurim Pharmaceuticals)
6.28 Ordopidine (Neurosearch)
6.29 ProNeura Continuous Release Dopamine Agonist (Titan Pharmaceuticals)
6.30 V81444 (Vernalis): Regained Rights from Biogen Idec
6.31 AVE8112 (Sanofi/MJFF)
6.32 SKL-PD (SK Biosciences)
7. THE NEXT FRONTIER IN PD TREATMENT: DISEASE-MODIFYING TREATMENTS R&D PIPELINE
7.1 Disease Modification and Neuroprotection: Basic Concepts
7.1.1 Why Do Cells Die in PD and What Would Stop Them?
7.2 Azilect: the Leading Candidate Neuroprotectant Among Existing Approved Drugs
7.2.1 Azilect's Presumed Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Action
7.2.2 How can Neuroprotective Effects be Measured?
7.2.3 Early Interventions and Delayed Starts
7.2.4 'This is Close, But It's Not Good Enough': The ADAGIO Trial Verdict
7.2.5 Where Does the Failure of the Azilect Trial Leave the Disease Modification Concept?
7.3 How Will We Know Disease Modification if We See It? Progress in Biomarkers, Imaging and Disease Models
7.3.1 The $30m Search for PD Biomarkers
7.3.2 When Will We Have Robust PD Biomarkers?
7.3.3 Players in the PD Biomarkers Field
7.3.4 SPECT, PET and MRI: Shining a Light on PD
7.3.5 Disease Process, not Disease Endstage: New Animal Models for Disease Modification
7.4 Candidates for Disease Modification: Pipeline Overview
7.5 Coenzyme Q10 (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke [NINDS])
7.5.1 A Nutritional Supplement with Limited Commercial Scope
7.5.2 Nearly Two Decades of Investigation
7.5.3 Dietary Supplements as Disease Modifiers
7.6 Repurposing Existing Drugs for PD
7.7 Exenatide (University College London)
7.7.1 Rationale for Repurposing Exenatide
7.8 Isradipine (The Parkinson Study Group)
7.8.1 Blocking Brain Calcium Channels
7.9 Other Possible Small-Molecule Disease-Modifying Agents
7.10 Cogane (Phytopharm)
7.10.1 Cogane's Possible Disease-Modification Mechanism
7.10.2 One of the Leading Small Molecules in the Disease Modification Hunt
7.11 AZD3241 (AstraZeneca): First Myeloperoxidase Inhibitor in PD Trials
7.12 AT2101/AT3375 (Amicus Therapeutics): Innovative 'Pharmacological Chaperone'
7.13 VAR 10300 (Varinel): Virtual Company's Possible PD Candidate
7.13.1 Multiple Mechanisms of Action
7.14 NP001 (Neuraltus)
7.15 XP23829 (XenoPort): A Promising Prodrug
7.16 GDNF and Other Growth Factors: A Neglected Possibility?
7.17 MANF (Amarantus BioSciences): A Future Biological Blockbuster?
7.18 Peptide Drugs
7.19 GM6 (Genervon Biopharmaceuticals)
7.19.1 Impressive Animal Model Results
7.20 NNZ-2591 (Neuren Pharmaceuticals)
7.21 Davunetide (Allon Therapeutics)
7.22 Gene Therapies
7.23 ProSavin (Oxford BioMedica)
7.23.1 ProSavin Clinical Trials Performance to Date
7.23.2 Will ProSavin Lead The Charge In PD Gene Therapy?
7.24 CERE-120 (Ceregene): Delivering Neurotrophic Factors
7.24.1 Repairing Dopaminergic Neurons in Human Beings
7.24.2 Can New Trial Succeed Where Past Attempts Failed?
7.25 AAV-hAADC-2 (Genzyme): AAV Gene Therapy Due to Complete Phase 1 in Q1 2013
7.26 Collategene (Vical/AnGes): Angiogenic Gene Therapy
7.27 AAV2-GDNF (uniQure)
7.28 Cellular Therapies
7.29 Spheramine (Bayer): RPE Cells to Make Levodopa
7.30 NTCELL (Living Cell Technologies)
7.31 Stem Cell Approaches to PD
7.32 NeuroGeneration - PD Treatment with Autologous Neural Stem Cells
7.33 BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics - Proprietary NurOwn Cells
7.34 Therapeutic Vaccine Approaches
7.35 Affitope PD01 (Affiris) - The First Vaccine for PD
8. QUALITATIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS
8.1 Strengths: Parkinson's Disease is a Prevalent and Treatable Disease
8.2 Weaknesses: Products on the Market Have Limitations and Can Be Superseded
8.3 Opportunities: Neurodegenerative Disorder Treatments Are a Fertile R&D Area
8.4 Threats: New Parkinson's Treatments May Be Subject to Political, Commercial and Social Pressures
9. INTERVIEWS
9.1 Interview with Dr Kieran Breen, Parkinson's UK
9.1.1 Repositioning Drugs, and Bigger Databases: Developments in the PD Market in 2011-2012
9.1.2 The New Non-Dopaminergic Drugs
9.1.3 The Challenge of Disease Modification
9.1.4 New Formulations of Levodopa
9.1.5 The Next Decade for Parkinson's Disease
9.2 Interview with Chris Maggos, Addex Therapeutics
9.2.1 What Differentiates Addex's Candidates?
9.2.2 Understanding the Glutamatergic Approach
9.2.3 Dipraglurant's Progress
9.2.4 How Glutamatergic Drugs Might Change the Treatment Paradigm
9.2.5 Other Addex Programmes
9.2.6 What Will the Next Decade Bring in PD Treatment?
9.3 Interview with Dr Marie Chesselet, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)
9.3.1 Current Understanding of Parkinson's Disease Genetic Basis
9.3.2 Challenges of Animal Models
9.3.3 Disease Modification Possibilities
9.3.4 Bringing New Research to the Clinic
9.4 Interview with Mr Larry Glass, Neuren Pharmaceuticals
9.4.1 Failure of Clinical Trials Testing Neuroprotective Agents
9.4.2 Neuroprotective Agent - NNZ-2566
9.4.3 Sub-classes of Neuroprotective Agents
9.4.4 Promising Neuroprotective Agents
9.4.5 Potential of Neuroprotective Agents
10. CONCLUSIONS
10.1 The PD Market is Set for an Important Transition in the Forecast Period
10.2 New Classes of Parkinson's Disease Drug to Emerge by 2013
10.3 Disease Modification Remains the Goal
10.4 Strong Underlying Factors Drive Growth in this Market
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Timeline of Parkinson's Disease
Table 3.1 Parkinson's Disease Market: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2011-2016
Table 3.2 Parkinson's Disease Market: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2017-2023
Table 3.3 PD Market: Leading Drugs, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 3.4 Leading PD Drugs: US Patent Expiry Dates
Table 3.5 PD Market: Leading Companies, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 4.1 PD Market Breakdown by Region: Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 4.2 PD Market Breakdown by Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.3 PD Market Breakdown by Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.4 US Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.5 US Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.6 EU5 Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.7 EU5 Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.8 EU5 Region Breakdown by Country: Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 4.9 EU5 Region Breakdown by Country: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.10 EU5 Region Breakdown by Country: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.11 Germany: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.12 Germany: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.13 France: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.14 France: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.15 UK: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.16 UK: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.17 Spain: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.18 Spain: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.19 Italy: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.20 Italy: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.21 Japan: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.22 Japan: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.23 BRIC Nations: Grouped Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.24 BRIC Nations: Grouped Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.1 PD Market Breakdown by Segment: Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 5.2 PD Market Breakdown by Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.3 PD Market Breakdown by Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.4 Selected Dopaminergic Agents, 2012
Table 5.5 Dopaminergic Agents Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%) 2011-2016
Table 5.6 Dopaminergic Agents Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.7 Selected Dopamine Receptor Agonists, 2012
Table 5.8 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.9 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.10 COMT Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.11 COMT Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.12 MAO Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.13 MAO Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.14 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.15 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 6.1 Selected Phase 3 PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 6.2 Reformulations of Levodopa and Other Dopaminergic Agents in Pipeline Development, 2012
Table 6.3 Pipeline Candidates with Established Mechanisms of Action, 2012
Table 6.4 Pipeline Adenosine 2a Receptor Antagonists, 2012
Table 6.5 Pipeline Candidates for Non-Motor PD Symptoms, 2012
Table 6.6 Pipeline Candidates for Motor PD Symptoms, 2012
Table 6.7 Pipeline Glutamatergic Drugs, 2012
Table 6.8 Selected Phase 2 PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 6.9 Pipeline Nicotine Receptor Agonists, 2012
Table 6.10 Allosteric Modulators in Development for PD, 2012
Table 7.1 Trials of PD Drugs as Neuroprotectants, 2012
Table 7.2 Selected Possible Disease-Modifying Agents under Investigation in PD, 2012
Table 7.3 Selected Dietary Supplements in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.4 Selected Repurposed Drugs in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.5 Selected Small-Molecule Drugs in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.6 Selected Peptide Drugs in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.7 Selected Gene Therapies in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.8 Selected Cellular Therapies in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 2.1 Timeline of Parkinson's Disease
Table 3.1 Parkinson's Disease Market: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2011-2016
Table 3.2 Parkinson's Disease Market: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), 2017-2023
Table 3.3 PD Market: Leading Drugs, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 3.4 Leading PD Drugs: US Patent Expiry Dates
Table 3.5 PD Market: Leading Companies, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 4.1 PD Market Breakdown by Region: Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 4.2 PD Market Breakdown by Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.3 PD Market Breakdown by Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.4 US Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.5 US Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.6 EU5 Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.7 EU5 Region: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.8 EU5 Region Breakdown by Country: Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 4.9 EU5 Region Breakdown by Country: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.10 EU5 Region Breakdown by Country: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.11 Germany: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.12 Germany: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.13 France: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.14 France: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.15 UK: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.16 UK: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.17 Spain: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.18 Spain: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.19 Italy: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.20 Italy: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.21 Japan: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.22 Japan: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 4.23 BRIC Nations: Grouped Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 4.24 BRIC Nations: Grouped Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.1 PD Market Breakdown by Segment: Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2011
Table 5.2 PD Market Breakdown by Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.3 PD Market Breakdown by Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.4 Selected Dopaminergic Agents, 2012
Table 5.5 Dopaminergic Agents Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%) 2011-2016
Table 5.6 Dopaminergic Agents Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.7 Selected Dopamine Receptor Agonists, 2012
Table 5.8 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.9 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.10 COMT Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.11 COMT Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.12 MAO Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.13 MAO Inhibitors Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 5.14 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2011-2016
Table 5.15 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment: Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Shares (%), 2017-2023
Table 6.1 Selected Phase 3 PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 6.2 Reformulations of Levodopa and Other Dopaminergic Agents in Pipeline Development, 2012
Table 6.3 Pipeline Candidates with Established Mechanisms of Action, 2012
Table 6.4 Pipeline Adenosine 2a Receptor Antagonists, 2012
Table 6.5 Pipeline Candidates for Non-Motor PD Symptoms, 2012
Table 6.6 Pipeline Candidates for Motor PD Symptoms, 2012
Table 6.7 Pipeline Glutamatergic Drugs, 2012
Table 6.8 Selected Phase 2 PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 6.9 Pipeline Nicotine Receptor Agonists, 2012
Table 6.10 Allosteric Modulators in Development for PD, 2012
Table 7.1 Trials of PD Drugs as Neuroprotectants, 2012
Table 7.2 Selected Possible Disease-Modifying Agents under Investigation in PD, 2012
Table 7.3 Selected Dietary Supplements in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.4 Selected Repurposed Drugs in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.5 Selected Small-Molecule Drugs in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.6 Selected Peptide Drugs in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.7 Selected Gene Therapies in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Table 7.8 Selected Cellular Therapies in the PD Pipeline, 2012
Another Useful Adjunct to Levodopa
MAO inhibitors (also known as MAO blockers) work by blocking the action of monoamine oxidase type B, an enzyme which breaks down dopamine. This class of drugs is therefore comparable to the COMT inhibitors, in that both are primarily used as adjuncts to levodopa, to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of the dopaminergic agent. However, the MAO inhibitors have key advantages over the COMT inhibitors.
MAO Inhibitors Have Advantages over COMT Inhibitors
MAO inhibitors have a less problematic side-effect profile than COMT inhibitors. Another key advantage is that the mechanism of action is effective in blocking the removal of naturallyoccurring dopamine as well as dopamine created by levodopa or other precursors. This means that MAO inhibitors can be given as a monotherapy as well as being an adjunct to dopaminergic agents. The effectiveness of MAO inhibitors without a dopaminergic agent is largely confined to the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, however, with the drug having little impact once the disease has progressed. Nevertheless, this substantially widens the scope for those drugs’ use.
Potential for New Growth in the Sector
MAO inhibitors have the potential for robust growth relative to the other established segments of the PD market for several reasons. Azilect is still patent-protected and likely to continue to expand its market share as it becomes the leading branded drug in the market. The pipeline contains one near-term likely addition to this segment, in the form of Newron’s safinamide, which has both dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic actions. Safinamide, like Azilect, is also a possible neuroprotectant. Though Teva have struggled to demonstrate this feature of Azilect, it will be a game-changing development if either Azilect of safinamide can satisfy the regulators on this point. While increased early use of levodopa will probably negatively affect early-stage use of MAO inhibitors as a monotherapy, there are enough drivers in this segment for it to record positive growth for the overall forecast period, unlike dopaminergic agents, dopamine receptor agonists and COMT inhibitors. Beyond safinamide, there are several other MAO inhibitors in development which places the segment in a stronger position than the dopamine receptor agonists or COMT inhibitors segments.
Market Projection for MAO Inhibitors, 2012-2023
Visiongain anticipates that this segment will achieve revenues of $641m by 2016, with a five-year CAGR of 7%. In the second half of the forecast period, loss of Azilect’s patent protection will lead to a downturn, with revenues declining to $546m by 2023. Nevertheless, the segment will have a positive 12-year CAGR of 2%, slightly increasing market share overall.
Other Mechanisms of Action: The Major Driver for the Market
The key development in the PD market in the 2013-2023 period will be the rise of new mechanisms of action. This ‘others’ category will become the largest single segment of the market by the end of the forecast period, increasing its market share from a modest 10% in 2011.
