United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Report 2018

January 2018 | 114 pages | ID: UD23E1918C1EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer market is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025.

Geographically, this report splits the United States market into seven regions:

• The West
• Southwest
• The Middle Atlantic
• New England
• The South
• The Midwest
• with sales (volume), revenue (value), market share and growth rate of Clinical Immunoanalyzer in these regions, from 2013 to 2025 (forecast).

United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer market competition by top manufacturers/players, with Clinical Immunoanalyzer sales volume, price, revenue (Million USD) and market share for each manufacturer/player; the top players including

• Roche Diagnostics
• Abbott
• Siemens
• Beckman Coulter
• Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics
• Bio-Rad
• BioMerieux
• DiaSorin
• Werfen Life
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Tosoh Corporation
• Randox Laboratories
• Snibe
• Transasia

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• CLIA
• ELISA
• RIA
• FIA
• Other

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, sales volume, market share and growth rate for each application, including

• Hospital
• Clinic
• Other

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Report 2018

1 CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Clinical Immunoanalyzer
1.2 Classification of Clinical Immunoanalyzer by Product Category
  1.2.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (Sales Volume) Comparison by Type (2013-2025)
  1.2.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (Sales Volume) Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
  1.2.3 CLIA
  1.2.4 ELISA
  1.2.5 RIA
  1.2.6 FIA
  1.2.7 Other
1.3 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (Consumption) and Market Share Comparison by Application (2013-2025)
  1.3.2 Hospital
  1.3.3 Clinic
  1.3.4 Other
1.4 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market by Region
  1.4.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (Value) Comparison by Region (2013-2025)
  1.4.2 The West Clinical Immunoanalyzer Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.3 Southwest Clinical Immunoanalyzer Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.4 The Middle Atlantic Clinical Immunoanalyzer Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.5 New England Clinical Immunoanalyzer Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.6 The South Clinical Immunoanalyzer Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
  1.4.7 The Midwest Clinical Immunoanalyzer Status and Prospect (2013-2025)
1.5 United States Market Size (Value and Volume) of Clinical Immunoanalyzer (2013-2025)
  1.5.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
  1.5.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2025)

2 UNITED STATES CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS

2.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue and Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.3 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Average Price by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
2.4 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Suppliers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in United States Market
2.5 United States Players/Suppliers Clinical Immunoanalyzer Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Type

3 UNITED STATES CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2013-2018)

3.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
3.3 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Price by Region (2013-2018)

4 UNITED STATES CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER SALES (VOLUME) AND REVENUE (VALUE) BY TYPE (PRODUCT CATEGORY) (2013-2018)

4.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales and Market Share by Type (Product Category) (2013-2018)
4.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
4.3 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Price by Type (2013-2018)
4.4 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)

5 UNITED STATES CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER SALES (VOLUME) BY APPLICATION (2013-2018)

5.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
5.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 UNITED STATES CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Roche Diagnostics
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Roche Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Abbott
  6.2.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Abbott Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Siemens
  6.3.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Siemens Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Beckman Coulter
  6.4.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Beckman Coulter Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics
  6.5.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Bio-Rad
  6.6.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Bio-Rad Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 BioMerieux
  6.7.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 BioMerieux Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 DiaSorin
  6.8.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 DiaSorin Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 Werfen Life
  6.9.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 Werfen Life Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 Thermo Fisher Scientific
  6.10.2 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 Tosoh Corporation
6.12 Randox Laboratories
6.13 Snibe
6.14 Transasia

7 CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Clinical Immunoanalyzer

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Clinical Immunoanalyzer Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Clinical Immunoanalyzer Major Manufacturers in 2017
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 UNITED STATES CLINICAL IMMUNOANALYZER MARKET SIZE (VALUE AND VOLUME) FORECAST (2018-2025)

11.1 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2018-2025)
11.2 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
11.3 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
11.4 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2018-2025)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 APPENDIX

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Product Picture of Clinical Immunoanalyzer
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (K Units) by Type (2013-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2017
Figure CLIA Product Picture
Figure ELISA Product Picture
Figure RIA Product Picture
Figure FIA Product Picture
Figure Other Product Picture
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (K Units) by Application (2013-2025)
Figure United States Sales Market Share of Clinical Immunoanalyzer by Application in 2017
Figure Hospital Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Hospital
Figure Clinic Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Clinic
Figure Other Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Other
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Size (Million USD) by Region (2013-2025)
Figure The West Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure Southwest Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Middle Atlantic Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure New England Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The South of US Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure The Midwest Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Major Players Product Sales Volume (K Units) (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure 2017 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Figure 2017 United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Share by Players/Suppliers
Table United States Market Clinical Immunoanalyzer Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers (2013-2018)
Figure United States Market Clinical Immunoanalyzer Average Price (USD/Unit) of Key Players/Suppliers in 2017
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Share of Top 3 Players/Suppliers
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Market Share of Top 5 Players/Suppliers
Table United States Players/Suppliers Clinical Immunoanalyzer Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table United States Players/Suppliers Clinical Immunoanalyzer Product Category
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share by Region in 2017
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Price (USD/Unit) by Region (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units) by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share by Type in 2017
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Clinical Immunoanalyzer by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Clinical Immunoanalyzer by Type in 2017
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Price (USD/Unit) by Types (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate by Type (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units) by Application (2013-2018)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share by Application in 2017
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Table Roche Diagnostics Basic Information List
Table Roche Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Roche Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Roche Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Roche Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Abbott Basic Information List
Table Abbott Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Abbott Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Abbott Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Abbott Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Siemens Basic Information List
Table Siemens Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Siemens Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Siemens Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Siemens Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Beckman Coulter Basic Information List
Table Beckman Coulter Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Beckman Coulter Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Beckman Coulter Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Beckman Coulter Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Basic Information List
Table Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Bio-Rad Basic Information List
Table Bio-Rad Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Bio-Rad Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Bio-Rad Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Bio-Rad Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table BioMerieux Basic Information List
Table BioMerieux Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure BioMerieux Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure BioMerieux Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure BioMerieux Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table DiaSorin Basic Information List
Table DiaSorin Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure DiaSorin Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure DiaSorin Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure DiaSorin Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Werfen Life Basic Information List
Table Werfen Life Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Werfen Life Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Werfen Life Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Werfen Life Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Basic Information List
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales (K Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Growth Rate (2013-2018)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue Market Share in United States (2013-2018)
Table Tosoh Corporation Basic Information List
Table Randox Laboratories Basic Information List
Table Snibe Basic Information List
Table Transasia Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Clinical Immunoanalyzer
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Clinical Immunoanalyzer
Figure Clinical Immunoanalyzer Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Clinical Immunoanalyzer Major Players/Suppliers in 2017
Table Major Buyers of Clinical Immunoanalyzer
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Price (USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2018-2025)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Type in 2025
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Application in 2025
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume (K Units) Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Table United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region (2018-2025)
Figure United States Clinical Immunoanalyzer Sales Volume Share Forecast by Region in 2025
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources