Global Operating Table Clamps Market Research Report 2017

January 2017 | 129 pages | ID: G3BFDC8F3FDEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Operating Table Clamps

Revenue, means the sales value of Operating Table Clamps

This report studies Operating Table Clamps in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with capacity, production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• UZUMCU
• Medifa-hesse
• OPT SurgiSystems
• Schmitz u. Soehne
• Anetic Aid
• Allen Medical Systems
• Schaerer Medical
• Mizuho Medical
• BRYTON
• IMRIS
• SchureMed
• Birkova Products
• Sunnex MedicaLights
• BARRFAB

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Operating Table Clamps in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Stainless Steel Type
• Aluminum Type
• Other

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Operating Table Clamps in each application, can be divided into

• Hospital
• Laboratory

Contents

Global Operating Table Clamps Market Research Report 2017

1 OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Operating Table Clamps
1.2 Operating Table Clamps Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Operating Table Clamps by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Stainless Steel Type
  1.2.3 Aluminum Type
  1.2.4 Other
1.3 Operating Table Clamps Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Hospital
  1.3.3 Laboratory
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Operating Table Clamps Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Operating Table Clamps (2012-2022)

2 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Operating Table Clamps Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Operating Table Clamps Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Operating Table Clamps Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Operating Table Clamps Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Operating Table Clamps Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Production by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 Global Operating Table Clamps Production Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.4 Global Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.5 North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.6 Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.7 China Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.8 Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.9 Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.10 India Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

4 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2012-2017)

4.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption by Regions (2012-2017)
4.2 North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.3 Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.4 China Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.5 Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.6 Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.7 India Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

5 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Production and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.2 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Global Operating Table Clamps Price by Type (2012-2017)
5.4 Global Operating Table Clamps Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

6 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
6.2 Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 UZUMCU
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.1.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.1.3 UZUMCU Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Medifa-hesse
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.2.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.2.3 Medifa-hesse Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 OPT SurgiSystems
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.3.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.3.3 OPT SurgiSystems Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Schmitz u. Soehne
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.4.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.4.3 Schmitz u. Soehne Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Anetic Aid
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.5.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.5.3 Anetic Aid Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Allen Medical Systems
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.6.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.6.3 Allen Medical Systems Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Schaerer Medical
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.7.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.7.3 Schaerer Medical Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Mizuho Medical
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.8.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.8.3 Mizuho Medical Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 BRYTON
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.9.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.9.3 BRYTON Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 IMRIS
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Operating Table Clamps Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Stainless Steel Type
    7.10.2.2 Aluminum Type
  7.10.3 IMRIS Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 SchureMed
7.12 Birkova Products
7.13 Sunnex MedicaLights
7.14 BARRFAB

8 OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Operating Table Clamps Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Operating Table Clamps

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Operating Table Clamps Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Operating Table Clamps Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL OPERATING TABLE CLAMPS MARKET FORECAST (2017-2022)

12.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Price Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.1 Global Operating Table Clamps Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.2 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.3 Global Operating Table Clamps Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
12.2 Global Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import and Export Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
  12.2.1 North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.2 Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.3 China Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.4 Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.5 Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.6 India Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
12.3 Global Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
12.4 Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Operating Table Clamps
Figure Global Production Market Share of Operating Table Clamps by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of Stainless Steel Type
Table Major Manufacturers of Stainless Steel Type
Figure Product Picture of Aluminum Type
Table Major Manufacturers of Aluminum Type
Figure Product Picture of Other
Table Major Manufacturers of Other
Table Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Hospital Examples
Figure Laboratory Examples
Figure North America Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Japan Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure India Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Operating Table Clamps Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Operating Table Clamps Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Operating Table Clamps Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Operating Table Clamps Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Operating Table Clamps Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Operating Table Clamps Product Type
Figure Operating Table Clamps Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Operating Table Clamps Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Global Operating Table Clamps Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Production and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Production Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Global Operating Table Clamps Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table 2015 Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table China Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table India Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market by Regions (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table China Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table India Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Production Market Share of Operating Table Clamps by Type (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Operating Table Clamps by Type
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Operating Table Clamps by Type (2012-2017)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Operating Table Clamps by Type
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Price by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption by Application (2012-2017)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table UZUMCU Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table UZUMCU Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure UZUMCU Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Medifa-hesse Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Medifa-hesse Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Medifa-hesse Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table OPT SurgiSystems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table OPT SurgiSystems Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure OPT SurgiSystems Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Schmitz u. Soehne Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Schmitz u. Soehne Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Schmitz u. Soehne Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Anetic Aid Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Anetic Aid Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Anetic Aid Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Allen Medical Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Allen Medical Systems Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Allen Medical Systems Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Schaerer Medical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Schaerer Medical Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Schaerer Medical Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Mizuho Medical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Mizuho Medical Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure Mizuho Medical Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table BRYTON Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table BRYTON Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure BRYTON Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table IMRIS Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table IMRIS Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
Figure IMRIS Operating Table Clamps Market Share (2015 and 2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Operating Table Clamps
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Operating Table Clamps
Figure Operating Table Clamps Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Operating Table Clamps Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Operating Table Clamps
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Operating Table Clamps Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table North America Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Japan Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure India Operating Table Clamps Production, Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table India Operating Table Clamps Production, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Production Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Revenue Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Operating Table Clamps Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)