Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Research Report 2016

November 2016 | 119 pages | ID: G3BA5D8F05BEN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device

Revenue, means the sales value of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device

Revenue, means the salies Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Boston Scientific
• Medtronic
• Fukuda Denshi
• GE Healthcare
• Johnson & Johnson
• Nihon Kohden
• Philips Healthcare
• Siemens Healthcare
• Sorin
• Spacelabs Healthcare
• St Jude
• Welch Allyn

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Type I
• Type II
• Type III

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device in each application, can be divided into

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Contents

Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Research Report 2016

1 CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device
1.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Type I
  1.2.3 Type II
  1.2.4 Type III
1.3 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2011-2016)

3.1 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production by Region (2011-2016)
3.2 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.3 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.4 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.5 North America Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.6 Europe Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.7 China Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.8 Japan Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.9 Southeast Asia Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.10 India Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

4 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2011-2016)

4.1 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption by Regions (2011-2016)
4.2 North America Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.3 Europe Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.4 China Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.5 Japan Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.6 Southeast Asia Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.7 India Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)

5 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.2 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.3 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Price by Type (2011-2016)
5.4 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)

6 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
6.2 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 Boston Scientific
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Type I
    7.1.2.2 Type II
  7.1.3 Boston Scientific Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Medtronic
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Type I
    7.2.2.2 Type II
  7.2.3 Medtronic Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Fukuda Denshi
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Type I
    7.3.2.2 Type II
  7.3.3 Fukuda Denshi Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 GE Healthcare
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Type I
    7.4.2.2 Type II
  7.4.3 GE Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Johnson & Johnson
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Type I
    7.5.2.2 Type II
  7.5.3 Johnson & Johnson Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Nihon Kohden
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Type I
    7.6.2.2 Type II
  7.6.3 Nihon Kohden Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Philips Healthcare
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Type I
    7.7.2.2 Type II
  7.7.3 Philips Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Siemens Healthcare
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Type I
    7.8.2.2 Type II
  7.8.3 Siemens Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Sorin
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Type I
    7.9.2.2 Type II
  7.9.3 Sorin Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Spacelabs Healthcare
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Type I
    7.10.2.2 Type II
  7.10.3 Spacelabs Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 St Jude
7.12 Welch Allyn

8 CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

12.1 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
12.2 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
12.3 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
12.4 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
12.5 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Price Forecast (2016-2021)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
14 APPENDIX

Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device
Figure Global Production Market Share of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of Type I
Table Major Manufacturers of Type I
Figure Product Picture of Type II
Table Major Manufacturers of Type II
Figure Product Picture of Type III
Table Major Manufacturers of Type III
Table Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure Application 3 Examples
Figure North America Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Product Type
Figure Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table North America Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Europe Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table China Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Japan Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table India Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Europe Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table China Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Japan Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table India Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Market Share of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device by Type
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device by Type
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Price by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Table Boston Scientific Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Boston Scientific Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Boston Scientific Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Medtronic Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Medtronic Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Medtronic Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Fukuda Denshi Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Fukuda Denshi Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Fukuda Denshi Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table GE Healthcare Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table GE Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure GE Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Johnson & Johnson Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Johnson & Johnson Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Johnson & Johnson Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Nihon Kohden Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Nihon Kohden Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Nihon Kohden Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Philips Healthcare Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Philips Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Philips Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Siemens Healthcare Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Siemens Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Siemens Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Sorin Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Sorin Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Sorin Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Spacelabs Healthcare Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Spacelabs Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Spacelabs Healthcare Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device
Figure Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Cardiovascular Diagnostic Device Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)