Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Market Report 2017

January 2017 | 105 pages | ID: E91F2D7C756EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Hard Intraocular Lens

Revenue, means the sales value of Hard Intraocular Lens

This report studies sales (consumption) of Hard Intraocular Lens in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering

• Bausch & Lomb Incorporated
• Hoya Corporation
• Carl Zeiss AG
• Alcon, Inc
• Abbott Medical Optics, Inc.

Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Hard Intraocular Lens in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• Germany
• France
• UK
• Russia
• Italy
• Spain
• Benelux

Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Multifocal intraocular lens
• Adjustable artificial crystal

Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Hard Intraocular Lens in each application, can be divided into

• Hospital
• Medical Center

Contents

Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Market Report 2017

1 HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Hard Intraocular Lens
1.2 Classification of Hard Intraocular Lens
  1.2.1 Multifocal intraocular lens
  1.2.2 Adjustable artificial crystal
1.3 Application of Hard Intraocular Lens
  1.3.1 Hospital
  1.3.2 Medical Center
1.4 Hard Intraocular Lens Market by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Hard Intraocular Lens (2011-2021)
  1.5.1 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
  1.5.2 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)

2 EUROPE HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  2.1.2 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
  2.2.2 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
2.3 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens (Volume and Value) by Countries
  2.3.1 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
  2.3.2 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
2.4 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens (Volume) by Application

3 GERMANY HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  3.1.1 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.2 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  3.1.3 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
3.2 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

4 FRANCE HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  4.1.1 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.2 France Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  4.1.4 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
4.2 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

5 UK HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  5.1.1 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.2 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  5.1.5 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
5.2 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

6 RUSSIA HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  6.1.1 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.2 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  6.1.6 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
6.2 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

7 ITALY HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  7.1.1 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.2 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  7.1.7 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
7.2 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

8 SPAIN HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  8.1.1 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.2 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  8.1.8 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
8.2 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

9 BENELUX HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Value (2011-2016)
  9.1.1 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.2 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
  9.1.9 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
9.2 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application

10 EUROPE HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

10.1 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated
  10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.1.2 Hard Intraocular Lens Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.1.2.1 Multifocal intraocular lens
    10.1.2.2 Adjustable artificial crystal
  10.1.3 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 Hoya Corporation
  10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.2.2 Hard Intraocular Lens Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.2.2.1 Multifocal intraocular lens
    10.2.2.2 Adjustable artificial crystal
  10.2.3 Hoya Corporation Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Carl Zeiss AG
  10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.3.2 Hard Intraocular Lens Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.3.2.1 Multifocal intraocular lens
    10.3.2.2 Adjustable artificial crystal
  10.3.3 Carl Zeiss AG Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Alcon, Inc
  10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.4.2 Hard Intraocular Lens Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.4.2.1 Multifocal intraocular lens
    10.4.2.2 Adjustable artificial crystal
  10.4.3 Alcon, Inc Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Abbott Medical Optics, Inc.
  10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.5.2 Hard Intraocular Lens Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.5.2.1 Multifocal intraocular lens
    10.5.2.2 Adjustable artificial crystal
  10.5.3 Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
  10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

11 HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

11.1 Hard Intraocular Lens Key Raw Materials Analysis
  11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  11.2.1 Raw Materials
  11.2.2 Labor Cost
  11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hard Intraocular Lens

12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

12.1 Hard Intraocular Lens Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Hard Intraocular Lens Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 EUROPE HARD INTRAOCULAR LENS MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

14.1 Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.2 France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.3 UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.4 Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.5 Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.6 Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.7 Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast (2016-2021)
14.8 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
14.9 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)

15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

16 APPENDIX

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Hard Intraocular Lens
Table Classification of Hard Intraocular Lens
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Type in 2015
Figure Multifocal intraocular lens Picture
Figure Adjustable artificial crystal Picture
Table Application of Hard Intraocular Lens
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Application in 2015
Figure Hospital Examples
Figure Medical Center Examples
Figure Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure France Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure UK Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue Share by Countries (2011-2016)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Countries (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Sales Market Share of Hard Intraocular Lens by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate (2011-2016)
Figure Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Price Trend (2011-2016)
Table Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Hard Intraocular Lens Basic Information List
Table Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Hoya Corporation Basic Information List
Table Hoya Corporation Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Hoya Corporation Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Carl Zeiss AG Basic Information List
Table Carl Zeiss AG Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Carl Zeiss AG Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Alcon, Inc Basic Information List
Table Alcon, Inc Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Alcon, Inc Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. Basic Information List
Table Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. Hard Intraocular Lens Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Abbott Medical Optics, Inc. Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Hard Intraocular Lens
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Hard Intraocular Lens
Figure Hard Intraocular Lens Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Hard Intraocular Lens Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Hard Intraocular Lens
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Germany Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure France Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure UK Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Russia Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Italy Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Spain Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Benelux Hard Intraocular Lens Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Europe Hard Intraocular Lens Sales Forecast by Application (2016-2021)