Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market - 2025-2033
Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Marketis is growing with a CAGR of 9.00% during the forecast period 2026-2035.
The Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market emerges as a key focus in DataM Intelligence latest in-depth analysis, where seasoned researchers harness advanced data analytics and strategic foresight to deliver unparalleled market intelligence. This insightful report meticulously explores the competitive landscape, profiling key players and their forward-thinking innovations in product development, pricing strategies, financial metrics, and global expansion initiatives. By uncovering the driving forces, market dynamics, and disruptive trends shaping the future, this research equips industry stakeholders with the actionable insights needed to make informed decisions in an increasingly dynamic and competitive environment.
A Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market is a data-driven software solution that collects, integrates, analyzes, and visualizes customer data across various touchpoints to generate actionable insights. These platforms help businesses understand customer behaviors, preferences, and purchasing patterns in real time, enabling personalized marketing, enhanced customer engagement, and data-driven decision-making.
By Product Type
Both primary and secondary data sources have been used in the global Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market research report. During the research process, a wide range of industry-affecting factors are examined, including governmental regulations, market conditions, competitive levels, historical data, market situation, technological advancements, upcoming developments, in related businesses, as well as market volatility, prospects, potential barriers, and challenges.
The Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market emerges as a key focus in DataM Intelligence latest in-depth analysis, where seasoned researchers harness advanced data analytics and strategic foresight to deliver unparalleled market intelligence. This insightful report meticulously explores the competitive landscape, profiling key players and their forward-thinking innovations in product development, pricing strategies, financial metrics, and global expansion initiatives. By uncovering the driving forces, market dynamics, and disruptive trends shaping the future, this research equips industry stakeholders with the actionable insights needed to make informed decisions in an increasingly dynamic and competitive environment.
A Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market is a data-driven software solution that collects, integrates, analyzes, and visualizes customer data across various touchpoints to generate actionable insights. These platforms help businesses understand customer behaviors, preferences, and purchasing patterns in real time, enabling personalized marketing, enhanced customer engagement, and data-driven decision-making.
By Product Type
- Single-Channel Systems*
- Dual-Channel Systems
- Rechargeable Systems*
- Non-Rechargeable Systems
- Constant Current Devices*
- Voltage-Controlled Devices
- Movement Disorders*
- Parkinson's Disease
- Dystonia
- Essential Tremor
- Others
- Psychiatric Disorders
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
- Depression
- Epilepsy
- Chronic Pain
- Alzheimer's Disease
- Tourette Syndrome
- Others
- Hospitals and Clinics*
- Neurological Centers
- Ambulatory Surgical Centers
- Others
- North America (U.S., Canada, Mexico)
- Europe (U.K., Italy, Germany, Russia, France, Spain, The Netherlands and Rest of Europe)
- Asia-Pacific (India, Japan, China, South Korea, Australia, Indonesia Rest of Asia Pacific)
- South America (Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America)
- Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., South Africa, Rest of Middle East & Africa)
- Go-to-market Strategy.
- Neutral perspective on the market performance.
- Development trends, competitive landscape analysis, supply side analysis, demand side analysis, year-on-year growth, competitive benchmarking, vendor identification, and other significant analysis, as well as development status.
- Customized regional/country reports as per request and country level analysis.
- Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered.
- Analysis of Market Size (historical and forecast), Total Addressable Market (TAM), Serviceable Available Market (SAM), Serviceable Obtainable Market (SOM), Market Growth, Technological Trends, Market Share, Market Dynamics, Competitive Landscape and Major Players (Innovators, Start-ups, Laggard, and Pioneer).
Both primary and secondary data sources have been used in the global Deep Brain Stimulation Devices Market research report. During the research process, a wide range of industry-affecting factors are examined, including governmental regulations, market conditions, competitive levels, historical data, market situation, technological advancements, upcoming developments, in related businesses, as well as market volatility, prospects, potential barriers, and challenges.
1. MARKET INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1. Objectives of the Report
1.2. Report Coverage & Definitions
1.3. Report Scope
2. EXECUTIVE INSIGHTS AND KEY TAKEAWAYS
3. MARKET HIGHLIGHTS AND STRATEGIC TAKEAWAYS
3.1. Key Trends and Future Projections
4. SNIPPET BY PRODUCT TYPE
4.1. Snippet by Battery Type
4.2. Snippet by Stimulation Type
4.3. Snippet by Application
4.4. Snippet by End-User
4.5. Snippet by Region
5. DYNAMICS
5.1. Impacting Factors
5.1.1. Drivers
5.1.1.1. Rising Prevalence of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
5.1.1.2. Rising Technological Advancements in DBS Devices
5.1.1.3. Integration of Real-Time Brain Sensing
5.1.2. Restraints
5.1.2.1. High Procedural and Device Cost
5.1.2.2. Invasiveness and Surgical Risks
5.1.2.3. Psychological and Cognitive Side Effects
5.1.3. Opportunity
5.1.3.1. Expansion into Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders
5.1.3.2. AI-Driven Personalization and Predictive Analytics
5.1.4. Impact Analysis
6. STRATEGIC INSIGHTS AND INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
6.1. Market Leaders and Pioneers
6.1.1. Emerging Pioneers and Prominent Players
6.1.2. Established Leaders with the Largest Marketing Brand
6.1.3. Market Leaders with Established Products
6.2. Latest Developments and Breakthroughs
6.3. Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape
6.3.1. North America
6.3.2. Europe
6.3.3. Asia Pacific
6.3.4. South America
6.3.5. Middle East & Africa
6.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
6.5. Supply Chain Analysis
6.6. Patent Analysis
6.7. SWOT Analysis
6.8. Unmet Needs and Gaps
6.9. Recommended Strategies for Market Entry and Expansion
6.10. Pricing Analysis and Price Dynamics
7. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
7.1. Introduction
7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Product Type
7.2. Single-Channel Systems*
7.2.1. Introduction
7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
7.3. Dual-Channel Systems
8. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE
8.1. Introduction
8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Battery Type
8.2. Rechargeable Systems*
8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
8.3. Non-Rechargeable Systems
9. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY STIMULATION TYPE
9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Stimulation Type
9.2. Constant Current Devices*
9.2.1. Introduction
9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
9.3. Voltage-Controlled Devices
10. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY APPLICATION
10.1. Introduction
10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
10.2. Movement Disorders*
10.2.1. Introduction
10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
10.2.3. Parkinson's Disease
10.2.4. Dystonia
10.2.5. Essential Tremor
10.2.6. Others
10.3. Psychiatric Disorders
10.3.1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
10.3.2. Depression
10.3.3. Others
10.4. Epilepsy
10.5. Chronic Pain
10.6. Alzheimer's Disease
10.7. Tourette Syndrome
10.8. Others
11. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY END-USER
11.1. Introduction
11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
11.2. Hospitals and Clinics*
11.2.1. Introduction
11.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
11.3. Neurological Centers
11.4. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
11.5. Others
12. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS AND GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
13. INTRODUCTION
13.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
13.1.1. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
13.2. North America
13.2.1. Introduction
13.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.2.8.1. U.S.
13.2.8.2. Canada
13.2.8.3. Mexico
13.3. Europe
13.3.1. Introduction
13.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.3.8.1. Germany
13.3.8.2. UK
13.3.8.3. France
13.3.8.4. Spain
13.3.8.5. Italy
13.3.8.6. Rest of Europe
13.4. Asia-Pacific
13.4.1. Introduction
13.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.4.8.1. China
13.4.8.2. India
13.4.8.3. Japan
13.4.8.4. South Korea
13.4.8.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
13.5. South America
13.5.1. Introduction
13.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.5.8.1. Brazil
13.5.8.2. Argentina
13.5.8.3. Rest of South America
13.6. Middle East and Africa
13.6.1. Introduction
13.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
14. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE AND MARKET POSITIONING
15. COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW AND KEY MARKET PLAYERS
15.1. Market Share Analysis and Positioning Matrix
15.2. Strategic Partnerships, Mergers & Acquisitions
15.3. Key Developments in Product Portfolios and Innovations
15.4. Company Benchmarking
16. COMPANY PROFILES
16.1. Medtronic plc*
16.1.1. Company Overview
16.1.2. Product Portfolio
16.1.2.1. Product Description
16.1.2.2. Product Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
16.2. Financial Overview
16.2.1. Company Revenue
16.2.1.1. Geographical Revenue Shares
16.2.1.1.1. Revenue Forecasts
16.2.1.2. Key Developments
16.2.1.2.1. Mergers & Acquisitions
16.2.1.2.2. Key Product Development Activities
16.2.1.2.3. Regulatory Approvals, etc.
16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
16.2.2. Boston Scientific Corporation
16.2.3. Abbott Laboratories
16.2.4. Aleva Neurotherapeutics
16.2.5. NeuroPace, Inc.
16.2.6. SceneRay Co., Ltd.
16.2.7. PINS Medical
16.2.8. Renishaw plc.
16.2.9. BrainsWay Ltd.
16.2.10. inomed Medizintechnik GmbHLIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE
17. ASSUMPTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
17.1. Data Collection Methods
17.2. Data Triangulation
17.3. Forecasting Techniques
17.4. Data Verification and Validation
18. APPENDIX
18.1. About Us and Services
18.2. Contact Us
1.1. Objectives of the Report
1.2. Report Coverage & Definitions
1.3. Report Scope
2. EXECUTIVE INSIGHTS AND KEY TAKEAWAYS
3. MARKET HIGHLIGHTS AND STRATEGIC TAKEAWAYS
3.1. Key Trends and Future Projections
4. SNIPPET BY PRODUCT TYPE
4.1. Snippet by Battery Type
4.2. Snippet by Stimulation Type
4.3. Snippet by Application
4.4. Snippet by End-User
4.5. Snippet by Region
5. DYNAMICS
5.1. Impacting Factors
5.1.1. Drivers
5.1.1.1. Rising Prevalence of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
5.1.1.2. Rising Technological Advancements in DBS Devices
5.1.1.3. Integration of Real-Time Brain Sensing
5.1.2. Restraints
5.1.2.1. High Procedural and Device Cost
5.1.2.2. Invasiveness and Surgical Risks
5.1.2.3. Psychological and Cognitive Side Effects
5.1.3. Opportunity
5.1.3.1. Expansion into Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders
5.1.3.2. AI-Driven Personalization and Predictive Analytics
5.1.4. Impact Analysis
6. STRATEGIC INSIGHTS AND INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
6.1. Market Leaders and Pioneers
6.1.1. Emerging Pioneers and Prominent Players
6.1.2. Established Leaders with the Largest Marketing Brand
6.1.3. Market Leaders with Established Products
6.2. Latest Developments and Breakthroughs
6.3. Regulatory and Reimbursement Landscape
6.3.1. North America
6.3.2. Europe
6.3.3. Asia Pacific
6.3.4. South America
6.3.5. Middle East & Africa
6.4. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
6.5. Supply Chain Analysis
6.6. Patent Analysis
6.7. SWOT Analysis
6.8. Unmet Needs and Gaps
6.9. Recommended Strategies for Market Entry and Expansion
6.10. Pricing Analysis and Price Dynamics
7. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
7.1. Introduction
7.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
7.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Product Type
7.2. Single-Channel Systems*
7.2.1. Introduction
7.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
7.3. Dual-Channel Systems
8. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY BATTERY TYPE
8.1. Introduction
8.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
8.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Battery Type
8.2. Rechargeable Systems*
8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
8.3. Non-Rechargeable Systems
9. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY STIMULATION TYPE
9.1. Introduction
9.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
9.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Stimulation Type
9.2. Constant Current Devices*
9.2.1. Introduction
9.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
9.3. Voltage-Controlled Devices
10. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY APPLICATION
10.1. Introduction
10.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
10.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By Application
10.2. Movement Disorders*
10.2.1. Introduction
10.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
10.2.3. Parkinson's Disease
10.2.4. Dystonia
10.2.5. Essential Tremor
10.2.6. Others
10.3. Psychiatric Disorders
10.3.1. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
10.3.2. Depression
10.3.3. Others
10.4. Epilepsy
10.5. Chronic Pain
10.6. Alzheimer's Disease
10.7. Tourette Syndrome
10.8. Others
11. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY END-USER
11.1. Introduction
11.1.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
11.1.2. Market Attractiveness Index, By End-User
11.2. Hospitals and Clinics*
11.2.1. Introduction
11.2.2. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%)
11.3. Neurological Centers
11.4. Ambulatory Surgical Centers
11.5. Others
12. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION DEVICES MARKET, BY REGIONAL MARKET ANALYSIS AND GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES
13. INTRODUCTION
13.1. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Region
13.1.1. Market Attractiveness Index, By Region
13.2. North America
13.2.1. Introduction
13.2.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.2.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.2.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.2.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.2.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.2.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.2.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.2.8.1. U.S.
13.2.8.2. Canada
13.2.8.3. Mexico
13.3. Europe
13.3.1. Introduction
13.3.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.3.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.3.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.3.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.3.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.3.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.3.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.3.8.1. Germany
13.3.8.2. UK
13.3.8.3. France
13.3.8.4. Spain
13.3.8.5. Italy
13.3.8.6. Rest of Europe
13.4. Asia-Pacific
13.4.1. Introduction
13.4.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.4.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.4.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.4.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.4.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.4.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.4.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.4.8.1. China
13.4.8.2. India
13.4.8.3. Japan
13.4.8.4. South Korea
13.4.8.5. Rest of Asia-Pacific
13.5. South America
13.5.1. Introduction
13.5.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.5.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.5.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.5.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.5.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.5.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
13.5.8. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Country
13.5.8.1. Brazil
13.5.8.2. Argentina
13.5.8.3. Rest of South America
13.6. Middle East and Africa
13.6.1. Introduction
13.6.2. Key Region-Specific Dynamics
13.6.3. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Product Type
13.6.4. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Battery Type
13.6.5. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Stimulation Type
13.6.6. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By Application
13.6.7. Market Size Analysis and Y-o-Y Growth Analysis (%), By End-User
14. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE AND MARKET POSITIONING
15. COMPETITIVE OVERVIEW AND KEY MARKET PLAYERS
15.1. Market Share Analysis and Positioning Matrix
15.2. Strategic Partnerships, Mergers & Acquisitions
15.3. Key Developments in Product Portfolios and Innovations
15.4. Company Benchmarking
16. COMPANY PROFILES
16.1. Medtronic plc*
16.1.1. Company Overview
16.1.2. Product Portfolio
16.1.2.1. Product Description
16.1.2.2. Product Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
16.2. Financial Overview
16.2.1. Company Revenue
16.2.1.1. Geographical Revenue Shares
16.2.1.1.1. Revenue Forecasts
16.2.1.2. Key Developments
16.2.1.2.1. Mergers & Acquisitions
16.2.1.2.2. Key Product Development Activities
16.2.1.2.3. Regulatory Approvals, etc.
16.2.1.3. SWOT Analysis
16.2.2. Boston Scientific Corporation
16.2.3. Abbott Laboratories
16.2.4. Aleva Neurotherapeutics
16.2.5. NeuroPace, Inc.
16.2.6. SceneRay Co., Ltd.
16.2.7. PINS Medical
16.2.8. Renishaw plc.
16.2.9. BrainsWay Ltd.
16.2.10. inomed Medizintechnik GmbHLIST NOT EXHAUSTIVE
17. ASSUMPTION AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
17.1. Data Collection Methods
17.2. Data Triangulation
17.3. Forecasting Techniques
17.4. Data Verification and Validation
18. APPENDIX
18.1. About Us and Services
18.2. Contact Us
