Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023

January 2019 | 100 pages | ID: G3354A484F3EN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

In the Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Industry Market Analysis & Forecast 2018-2023, the revenue is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2023. The production is estimated at XX million in 2017 and is forecasted to reach XX million by the end of 2023, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2018 and 2023.

It covers Regional Segment Analysis, Type, Appliction, Major Manufactures, Industry Chain Analysis, Competitive Insights and Macroeconomic Analysis.

Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market: Regional Segment Analysis

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

The Major players reported in the market include:

• company 1
• company 2
• company 3
• company 4
• company 5
• company 6
• company 7
• company 8
• company 9

Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market: Product Segment Analysis

• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3

Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market: Application Segment Analysis

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Contents

CHAPTER 1 AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator
1.2 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Segmentation by Type in 2016
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator by Type in 2016
  1.2.1 Type
  1.2.2 Type
  1.2.3 Type
1.3 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Segmentation by Application in 2016
  1.3.1 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Segmentation by Regions
  1.4.1 North America
  1.4.2 China
  1.4.3 Europe
  1.4.4 Southeast Asia
  1.4.5 Japan
  1.4.6 India
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator (2013-2023)
  1.5.1 Global Product Sales and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
  1.5.2 Global Product Revenue and Growth Rate (2013-2023)

CHAPTER 2 GLOBAL ECONOMIC IMPACT ON AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR INDUSTRY

2.1 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis
  2.1.1 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
  2.1.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend
2.2 Global Macroeconomic Environment Analysis by Regions

CHAPTER 3 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

3.1 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
3.2 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
3.3 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Average Price by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
3.4 Manufacturers Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Manufacturing Base Distribution, Production Area and Product Type
3.5 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  3.5.1 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Concentration Rate
  3.5.2 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

CHAPTER 4 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2013-2018)

4.1 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production by Region (2013-2018)
4.2 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
4.3 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2013-2018)
4.4 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
4.5 North America Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.5.1 North AmericaAutomotive Pyrotechnic InflatorProduction and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.5.2 North AmericaAutomotive Pyrotechnic InflatorProduction and Market Share by Type
  4.5.3 North AmericaAutomotive Pyrotechnic InflatorProduction and Market Share by Application
4.6 Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.6.1 EuropeAutomotive Pyrotechnic InflatorProduction and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.6.2 Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Type
  4.6.3 Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Application
4.7 China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.7.1 ChinaAutomotive Pyrotechnic InflatorProduction and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.7.2 China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Type
  4.7.3 China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Application
4.8 Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.8.1 Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.8.2 Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Type
  4.8.3 Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Application
4.9 Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.9.1 Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.9.2 Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Type
  4.9.3 Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Application
4.10 India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  4.10.1 India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Manufacturers
  4.10.2 India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Type
  4.10.3 India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Application

CHAPTER 5 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2013-2018)

5.1 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption by Regions (2013-2018)
5.2 North America Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.3 Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.4 China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.5 Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.6 Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)
5.7 India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2013-2018)

CHAPTER 6 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

6.1 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.2 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
6.3 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Price by Type (2013-2018)
6.4 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Growth by Type (2013-2018)

CHAPTER 7 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

7.1 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption and Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
7.2 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue and Market Share by Type (2013-2018)
7.3 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
7.4 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  7.4.1 Potential Applications
  7.4.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

CHAPTER 8 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

8.1 company
  8.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.1.4 Business Overview
8.2 company
  8.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.2.4 Business Overview
8.3 company
  8.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.3.4 Business Overview
8.4 company
  8.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.4.4 Business Overview
8.5 company
  8.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.5.4 Business Overview
8.6 company
  8.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.6.4 Business Overview
8.7 company
  8.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.7.4 Business Overview
8.8 company
  8.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.8.4 Business Overview
8.9 company
  8.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  8.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  8.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
  8.9.4 Business Overview

CHAPTER 9 AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

9.1 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Key Raw Materials Analysis
  9.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  9.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  9.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  9.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
9.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  9.2.1 Raw Materials
  9.2.2 Labor Cost
  9.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
9.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator

CHAPTER 10 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

10.1 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Industrial Chain Analysis
10.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
10.3 Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Major Manufacturers in 2016
10.4 Downstream Buyers

CHAPTER 11 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

11.1 Marketing Channel
  11.1.1 Direct Marketing
  11.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  11.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
11.2 Market Positioning
  11.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  11.2.2 Brand Strategy
  11.2.3 Target Client
11.3 Distributors/Traders List

CHAPTER 12 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

12.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  12.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  12.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
12.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
12.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

CHAPTER 13 GLOBAL AUTOMOTIVE PYROTECHNIC INFLATOR MARKET FORECAST (2018-2023)

13.1 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue Forecast (2018-2023)
13.2 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
13.3 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
13.4 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Forecast by Application (2018-2023)
13.5 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Price Forecast (2018-2023)

CHAPTER 14 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURE
Figure Picture of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator
Figure Global Production Market Share of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator by Type 2016
Figure Product Picture of Type I
Table Major Manufacturers of Type I
Figure Product Picture of Type II
Table Major Manufacturers of Type II
Figure Product Picture of Type III
Table Major Manufacturers of Type III
Table Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure Application 3 Examples
Figure North America Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2013-2023)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity of Key Manufacturers in 2017
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure 2015 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Table 2015 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2016 and 2017)
Figure Global Market Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Manufacturers Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Product Type
Figure Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Capacity Market Share by Regions
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue by Regions (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Table 2015 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table North America Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market by Regions (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Regions (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Europe Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table China Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Japan Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Southeast Asia Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table India Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Production Market Share of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator by Type (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator by Type
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue Share by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator by Type (2013-2018)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator by Type
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Price by Type (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Growth by Type (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption by Application (2013-2018)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2013-2018)
Table company 1 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 1 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 1 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 2 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 2 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 2 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 3 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 3 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 3 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 4 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 4 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 4 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 5 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 5 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 5 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 6 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 6 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 6 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 7 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 7 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 7 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 8 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 8 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 8 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table company 9 Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Production Area and Its Competitors
Table company 9 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2013-2018)
Table company 9 Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Market Share (2013-2018)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator
Figure Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Figure Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2018-2023)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Forecast by Regions (2018-2023)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Production Forecast by Type (2018-2023)
Table Global Automotive Pyrotechnic Inflator Consumption Forecast by Application (2018-2023)