Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Research Report Forecast 2017-2021

March 2017 | 120 pages | ID: E14DF6ED21CEN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

The Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Research Report Forecast 2017-2021 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the Automotive Fasteners industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Automotive Fasteners market study provides comprehensive data which enhances the understanding, scope and application of this report.

This report provides comprehensive analysis of

• Key market segments and sub-segments
• Evolving market trends and dynamics
• Changing supply and demand scenarios
• Quantifying market opportunities through market sizing and market forecasting
• Tracking current trends/opportunities/challenges
• Competitive insights
• Opportunity mapping in terms of technological breakthroughs

Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Analysis by Countries :

• Germany
• France
• UK
• Russia
• Italy
• Spain
• Benelux

The Major players reported in the market include:
Würth
Araymond
ITW
KAMAX
STANLEY
Aoyama Seisakusho
Meidoh
LISI
NORMA
Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Analysis by Product :
Threaded Fasteners
Non-Threaded Fasteners

• Type 3

Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Analysis by Application:
By Market
Automotive OEM
Aftermarket

REASONS FOR BUYING THIS REPORT

This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics

• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Contents

1 AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Automotive Fasteners
1.2 Classification of Automotive Fasteners
  1.2.1 Threaded Fasteners
  1.2.2 Non-Threaded Fasteners
  1.2.3 Type
1.3 Application of Automotive Fasteners
  1.3.2 By Market
  1.3.3 Automotive OEM
  1.3.4 Aftermarket
1.4 Automotive Fasteners Market States Status and Prospect (2012-2021) by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany
  1.4.2 France
  1.4.3 UK
  1.4.4 Russia
  1.4.5 Italy
  1.4.6 Spain
  1.4.7 Benelux
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Automotive Fasteners (2012-2021)
  1.5.1 Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
  1.5.2 Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)

2 EUROPE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS INDUSTRY

2.1 Europe Macroeconomic Analysis
2.2 Europe Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend

3 AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

3.1 Automotive Fasteners Key Raw Materials Analysis
  3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  3.2.1 Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Labor Cost
  3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Fasteners

4 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

4.1 Automotive Fasteners Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Fasteners Major Manufacturers in 2015
4.4 Downstream Buyers

5 EUROPE AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS MARKET ANALYSIS BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

5.1 Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Competition by Manufacturers
  5.1.1 Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  5.1.2 Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
5.2 Europe Automotive Fasteners (Volume and Value) by Type
  5.2.1 Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
  5.2.2 Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Europe Automotive Fasteners (Volume and Value) by Countries
  5.3.1 Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
  5.3.2 Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
5.4 Europe Automotive Fasteners (Volume) by Application

6 GERMANY AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  6.1.1 Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.2 Germany Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.3 Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

7 FRANCE AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  7.1.1 France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.2 France Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.3 France Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

8 UK AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  8.1.1 UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.2 UK Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.3 UK Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

9 RUSSIA AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  9.1.1 Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.2 Russia Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.3 Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

10 ITALY AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

10.1 Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  10.1.1 Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  10.1.2 Italy Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  10.1.3 Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
10.2 Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
10.3 Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
10.4 Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

11 SPAIN AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

11.1 Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  11.1.1 Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  11.1.2 Spain Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  11.1.3 Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
11.2 Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
11.3 Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
11.4 Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

12 BENELUX AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

12.1 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  12.1.1 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  12.1.2 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  12.1.3 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
12.2 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
12.3 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type
12.4 Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application

13 EUROPE AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

13.1 Würth
  13.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.1.4 Business Overview
13.2 Araymond
  13.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.2.4 Business Overview
13.3 ITW
  13.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.3.4 Business Overview
13.4 KAMAX
  13.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.4.4 Business Overview
13.5 STANLEY
  13.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.5.4 Business Overview
13.6 Aoyama Seisakusho
  13.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.6.4 Business Overview
13.7 Meidoh
  13.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.7.4 Business Overview
13.8 LISI
  13.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.8.4 Business Overview
13.9 NORMA
  13.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.9.4 Business Overview
…

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

14.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  14.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  14.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
14.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
14.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

15 EUROPE AUTOMOTIVE FASTENERS MARKET FORECAST (2017-2021)

15.1 Germany Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.2 France Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.3 UK Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.4 Russia Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.5 Italy Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.6 Spain Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.7 Benelux Market Forecast (2017-2021)
15.8 Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
15.9 Europe Automotive Fasteners Market Forecast by Application (2017-2021)

16 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Automotive Fasteners
Table Classification of Automotive Fasteners
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Type in 2015
Table Application of Automotive Fasteners
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Application in 2015
Figure Germany Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure France Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure UK Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Russia Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Italy Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Spain Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Benelux Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Figure Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2021)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Automotive Fasteners Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Automotive Fasteners Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Automotive Fasteners by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Automotive Fasteners Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Würth Basic Information List
Table Würth Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Würth Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Araymond Basic Information List
Table Araymond Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Araymond Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table ITW Basic Information List
Table ITW Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure ITW Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table KAMAX Basic Information List
Table KAMAX Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table KAMAX Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table STANLEY Basic Information List
Table STANLEY Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure STANLEY Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Aoyama Seisakusho Basic Information List
Table Aoyama Seisakusho Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Aoyama Seisakusho Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Meidoh Basic Information List
Table Meidoh Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Meidoh Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table LISI Basic Information List
Table LISI Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table LISI Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table NORMA Basic Information List
Table NORMA Automotive Fasteners Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure NORMA Automotive Fasteners Sales Market Share (2012-2017).
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Automotive Fasteners
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Fasteners
Figure Automotive Fasteners Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Fasteners Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Automotive Fasteners
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Germany Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure France Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure France Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure UK Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure UK Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Russia Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Russia Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Italy Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Italy Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Spain Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Spain Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Benelux Automotive Fasteners Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Figure Benelux Automotive Fasteners Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2021)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2021)
Table Europe Automotive Fasteners Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2021)