China Automotive Subwoofer Market Research Report 2018

February 2018 | 112 pages | ID: CF246D643D5EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

The global Automotive Subwoofer market is valued at XX million USD in 2016 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

China plays an important role in global market, with market size of xx million USD in 2016 and will be xx million USD in 2022, with a CAGR of xx%.

This report studies the Automotive Subwoofer development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Automotive Subwoofer by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast.

The major players in China market include

• Alpine
• Pioneer
• Harman
• Sony
• JVC Kenwood
• Polk Audio
• KICKER
• Rockford Fosgate
• JL Audio
• HiVi
• MTX Audio
• Dual
• Focal
• Rainbow
• Moral
• ZePro
• Edifier

Geographically, this report splits the China market into six regions,

• South China
• East China
• Southwest China
• Northeast China
• North China
• Central China
• Northwest China

On the basis of product, this report displays the sales volume (Units), revenue (Million USD), product price (K USD/Unit), market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Powered Subwoofers
• Passive Subwoofers

On the basis of the end users/application, this report covers

• Passenger Car
• Commercial Car

If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

Contents

China Automotive Subwoofer Market Research Report 2017

1 AUTOMOTIVE SUBWOOFER OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Automotive Subwoofer
1.2 Classification of Automotive Subwoofer by Product Category
  1.2.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Comparison by Type (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Market Share by Type in 2016
  1.2.3 Powered Subwoofers
  1.2.4 Passive Subwoofers
1.3 China Automotive Subwoofer Market by Application/End Users
  1.3.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Market Share Comparison by Applications (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Passenger Car
  1.3.3 Commercial Car
1.4 China Automotive Subwoofer Market by Region
  1.4.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Market Size (Million USD) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 South China Automotive Subwoofer Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 East China Automotive Subwoofer Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Southwest China Automotive Subwoofer Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Northeast China Automotive Subwoofer Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 North China Automotive Subwoofer Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 Central China Automotive Subwoofer Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 China Market Size (Sales and Revenue) of Automotive Subwoofer (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
  1.5.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)

2 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SUBWOOFER MARKET COMPETITION BY PLAYERS/MANUFACTURERS

2.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales and Market Share of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue and Share by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.3 China Automotive Subwoofer Average Price (K USD/Unit) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.4 China Automotive Subwoofer Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.4.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Market Concentration Rate
  2.4.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
  2.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion in China Market
2.5 China Players/Manufacturers Automotive Subwoofer Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area, Product Types

3 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SUBWOOFER SALES AND REVENUE BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 China Automotive Subwoofer Price (K USD/Unit) by Regions (2012-2017)

4 CHINA '&B1&' SALES AND REVENUE BY TYPE/ PRODUCT CATEGORY (2012-2017)'

4.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Market Share by Type/ Product Category (2012-2017)
4.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
4.3 China Automotive Subwoofer Price (K USD/Unit) by Type (2012-2017)
4.4 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)

5 CHINA '&B1&' SALES BY APPLICATION (2012-2017)'

5.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
5.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
5.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities

6 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SUBWOOFER PLAYERS/SUPPLIERS PROFILES AND SALES DATA

6.1 Alpine
  6.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.1.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.1.2.1 Product A
    6.1.2.2 Product B
  6.1.3 Alpine Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.2 Pioneer
  6.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.2.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.2.2.1 Product A
    6.2.2.2 Product B
  6.2.3 Pioneer Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.3 Harman
  6.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.3.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.3.2.1 Product A
    6.3.2.2 Product B
  6.3.3 Harman Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.4 Sony
  6.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.4.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.4.2.1 Product A
    6.4.2.2 Product B
  6.4.3 Sony Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.5 JVC Kenwood
  6.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.5.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.5.2.1 Product A
    6.5.2.2 Product B
  6.5.3 JVC Kenwood Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.6 Polk Audio
  6.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.6.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.6.2.1 Product A
    6.6.2.2 Product B
  6.6.3 Polk Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.7 KICKER
  6.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.7.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.7.2.1 Product A
    6.7.2.2 Product B
  6.7.3 KICKER Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.8 Rockford Fosgate
  6.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.8.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.8.2.1 Product A
    6.8.2.2 Product B
  6.8.3 Rockford Fosgate Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.9 JL Audio
  6.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.9.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.9.2.1 Product A
    6.9.2.2 Product B
  6.9.3 JL Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.10 HiVi
  6.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  6.10.2 Automotive Subwoofer Product Category, Application and Specification
    6.10.2.1 Product A
    6.10.2.2 Product B
  6.10.3 HiVi Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
  6.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
6.11 MTX Audio
6.12 Dual
6.13 Focal
6.14 Rainbow
6.15 Moral
6.16 ZePro
6.17 Edifier

7 AUTOMOTIVE SUBWOOFER MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

7.1 Automotive Subwoofer Key Raw Materials Analysis
  7.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  7.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  7.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  7.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
7.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  7.2.1 Raw Materials
  7.2.2 Labor Cost
  7.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
7.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Subwoofer

8 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

8.1 Automotive Subwoofer Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
8.3 Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Subwoofer Major Manufacturers in 2016
8.4 Downstream Buyers

9 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

9.1 Marketing Channel
  9.1.1 Direct Marketing
  9.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  9.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
9.2 Market Positioning
  9.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  9.2.2 Brand Strategy
  9.2.3 Target Client
9.3 Distributors/Traders List

10 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

10.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  10.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  10.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
10.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
10.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

11 CHINA AUTOMOTIVE SUBWOOFER MARKET SIZE (SALES AND REVENUE) FORECAST (2017-2022)

11.1 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD) Forecast (2017-2022)
11.2 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
11.3 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
11.4 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)

12 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

13 METHODOLOGY AND DATA SOURCE

13.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  13.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  13.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  13.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
13.2 Data Source
  13.2.1 Secondary Sources
  13.2.2 Primary Sources
13.3 Disclaimer
13.4 Author List

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Global and China Market Size (Million USD) Comparison (2012-2022)
Table Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Revenue (Million USD) Market Split by Product Type
Table Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) by Application (2016-2022)
Figure Product Picture of Automotive Subwoofer
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2012-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Market Share by Types in 2016
Figure Powered Subwoofers Product Picture
Figure Passive Subwoofers Product Picture
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
Figure China Sales Market Share (%) of Automotive Subwoofer by Application in 2016
Figure Passenger Car Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Passenger Car
Figure Commercial Car Examples
Table Key Downstream Customer in Commercial Car
Figure South China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure East China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southwest China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Northeast China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure North China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Central China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2022)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Figure 2017 China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Players/Manufacturers
Table China Market Automotive Subwoofer Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure China Market Automotive Subwoofer Average Price of Key Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Market Share of Top 3 Players/Manufacturers
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Market Share of Top 5 Players/Manufacturers
Table China Players/Manufacturers Automotive Subwoofer Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table China Players/Manufacturers Automotive Subwoofer Product Category
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Regions in 2016
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Price (K USD/Unit) by Regions (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) by Type in 2016
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive Subwoofer by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Automotive Subwoofer by Type in 2016
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Price (K USD/Unit) by Types (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Growth Rate (%) by Type (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) by Applications (2012-2017)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) by Applications (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) by Application in 2016
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Growth Rate (%) by Application (2012-2017)
Table Alpine Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Alpine Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Alpine Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Alpine Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Alpine Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Pioneer Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Pioneer Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Pioneer Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Pioneer Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Pioneer Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Harman Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Harman Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Harman Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Harman Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Harman Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Sony Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Sony Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Sony Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Sony Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Sony Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table JVC Kenwood Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table JVC Kenwood Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure JVC Kenwood Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure JVC Kenwood Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure JVC Kenwood Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Polk Audio Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Polk Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Polk Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Polk Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Polk Audio Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table KICKER Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table KICKER Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure KICKER Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure KICKER Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure KICKER Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table Rockford Fosgate Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Rockford Fosgate Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Rockford Fosgate Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure Rockford Fosgate Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure Rockford Fosgate Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table JL Audio Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table JL Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure JL Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure JL Audio Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure JL Audio Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table HiVi Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table HiVi Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units), Revenue (Million USD), Price (K USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (%)(2012-2017)
Figure HiVi Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%)(2012-2017)
Figure HiVi Automotive Subwoofer Sales Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Figure HiVi Automotive Subwoofer Revenue Market Share (%) in China (2012-2017)
Table MTX Audio Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Dual Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Focal Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Rainbow Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Moral Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table ZePro Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Edifier Automotive Subwoofer Basic Information List
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Automotive Subwoofer
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Automotive Subwoofer
Figure Automotive Subwoofer Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Automotive Subwoofer Major Players/Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Automotive Subwoofer
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) and Growth Rate (%) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Price (K USD/Unit) Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Type in 2022
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Application in 2022
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales (Units) Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Table China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions (2017-2022)
Figure China Automotive Subwoofer Sales Volume Share Forecast by Regions in 2022
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Sources