Global Amino Sugar Market Research Report 2017

July 2017 | 108 pages | ID: GD610ECB977EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

In this report, the global Amino Sugar market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2016 and 2022.

Geographically, this report is segmented into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue (million USD), market share and growth rate of Amino Sugar in these regions, from 2012 to 2022 (forecast), covering

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Global Amino Sugar market competition by top manufacturers, with production, price, revenue (value) and market share for each manufacturer; the top players including

• Sacchachem Biotechnology
• Apeloau
• Jieshi Kang Biotechnology
• Yaanda
• Jiushoutang

On the basis of product, this report displays the production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, primarily split into

• Amino-Galactose
• Glucosamine

On the basis on the end users/applications, this report focuses on the status and outlook for major applications/end users, consumption (sales), market share and growth rate of Amino Sugar for each application, including

• Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
• NAG

Contents

Global Amino Sugar Market Research Report 2017

1 AMINO SUGAR MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Amino Sugar
1.2 Amino Sugar Segment by Type (Product Category)
  1.2.1 Global Amino Sugar Production and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (Product Category) (2012-2022)
  1.2.2 Global Amino Sugar Production Market Share by Type (Product Category) in 2016
  1.2.3 Amino-Galactose
  1.2.4 Glucosamine
1.3 Global Amino Sugar Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Amino Sugar Consumption (Sales) Comparison by Application (2012-2022)
  1.3.2 Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
  1.3.3 NAG
1.4 Global Amino Sugar Market by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.1 Global Amino Sugar Market Size (Value) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 North America Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 Europe Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 China Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Japan Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 India Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Amino Sugar (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 Global Amino Sugar Revenue Status and Outlook (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production Status and Outlook (2012-2022)

2 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
  2.1.1 Global Amino Sugar Capacity and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
  2.1.2 Global Amino Sugar Production and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.2 Global Amino Sugar Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.3 Global Amino Sugar Average Price by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
2.4 Manufacturers Amino Sugar Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Amino Sugar Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Amino Sugar Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Amino Sugar Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR CAPACITY, PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2012-2017)

3.1 Global Amino Sugar Capacity and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.2 Global Amino Sugar Production and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.3 Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
3.4 Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.5 North America Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.6 Europe Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.7 China Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.8 Japan Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.9 Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
3.10 India Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)

4 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGION (2012-2017)

4.1 Global Amino Sugar Consumption by Region (2012-2017)
4.2 North America Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.3 Europe Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.4 China Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.5 Japan Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.6 Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)
4.7 India Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export, Import (2012-2017)

5 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Amino Sugar Production and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.2 Global Amino Sugar Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Global Amino Sugar Price by Type (2012-2017)
5.4 Global Amino Sugar Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)

6 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Amino Sugar Consumption and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
6.2 Global Amino Sugar Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 Sacchachem Biotechnology
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Amino Sugar Product Category, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Product A
    7.1.2.2 Product B
  7.1.3 Sacchachem Biotechnology Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Apeloau
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Amino Sugar Product Category, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Product A
    7.2.2.2 Product B
  7.2.3 Apeloau Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Jieshi Kang Biotechnology
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Amino Sugar Product Category, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Product A
    7.3.2.2 Product B
  7.3.3 Jieshi Kang Biotechnology Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Yaanda
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Amino Sugar Product Category, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Product A
    7.4.2.2 Product B
  7.4.3 Yaanda Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Jiushoutang
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Amino Sugar Product Category, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Product A
    7.5.2.2 Product B
  7.5.3 Jiushoutang Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview

8 AMINO SUGAR MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Amino Sugar Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Amino Sugar

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Amino Sugar Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Amino Sugar Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL AMINO SUGAR MARKET FORECAST (2017-2022)

12.1 Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production, Revenue Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.1 Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.2 Global Amino Sugar Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.1.3 Global Amino Sugar Price and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
12.2 Global Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import and Export Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
  12.2.1 North America Amino Sugar Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.2 Europe Amino Sugar Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.3 China Amino Sugar Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.4 Japan Amino Sugar Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.5 Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
  12.2.6 India Amino Sugar Production, Revenue, Consumption, Export and Import Forecast (2017-2022)
12.3 Global Amino Sugar Production, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
12.4 Global Amino Sugar Consumption Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

14.1 Methodology/Research Approach
  14.1.1 Research Programs/Design
  14.1.2 Market Size Estimation
  14.1.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
14.2 Data Source
  14.2.1 Secondary Sources
  14.2.2 Primary Sources
14.3 Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Amino Sugar
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Types (Product Category) (2012-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production Market Share by Types (Product Category) in 2016
Figure Product Picture of Amino-Galactose
Table Major Manufacturers of Amino-Galactose
Figure Product Picture of Glucosamine
Table Major Manufacturers of Glucosamine
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) by Applications (2012-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share by Applications in 2016
Figure Aminoglycoside Antibiotics Examples
Figure NAG Examples
Figure Global Amino Sugar Market Size (Million USD), Comparison (MT) and CAGR (%) by Regions (2012-2022)
Figure North America Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure China Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Japan Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure India Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) Status and Outlook (2012-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT) Status and Outlook (2012-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Major Players Product Capacity (MT) (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Capacity (MT) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity (MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity (MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2017
Figure Global Amino Sugar Major Players Product Production (MT) (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Production Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 Amino Sugar Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2017 Amino Sugar Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure Global Amino Sugar Major Players Product Revenue (Million USD) (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Table 2016 Global Amino Sugar Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2017 Global Amino Sugar Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Amino Sugar Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers (2012-2017)
Figure Global Market Amino Sugar Average Price (USD/MT) of Key Manufacturers in 2016
Table Manufacturers Amino Sugar Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Amino Sugar Product Category
Figure Amino Sugar Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Amino Sugar Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Amino Sugar Capacity (MT) by Region (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 Global Amino Sugar Capacity Market Share by Region
Table Global Amino Sugar Production by Region (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) by Region (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 Global Amino Sugar Production Market Share by Region
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) by Region (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Table 2016 Global Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share by Region
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT) and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table North America Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Europe Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table China Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Japan Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table India Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) Market by Region (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share by Region (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) Market Share by Region
Table North America Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import & Export (MT) (2012-2017)
Table Europe Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import & Export (MT) (2012-2017)
Table China Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import & Export (MT) (2012-2017)
Table Japan Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import & Export (MT) (2012-2017)
Table Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import & Export (MT) (2012-2017)
Table India Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Import & Export (MT) (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Production Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Production Market Share of Amino Sugar by Type (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 Production Market Share of Amino Sugar by Type
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Amino Sugar by Type (2012-2017)
Figure 2016 Revenue Market Share of Amino Sugar by Type
Table Global Amino Sugar Price (USD/MT) by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production Growth by Type (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) by Application (2012-2017)
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share by Applications (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share by Application in 2016
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2012-2017)
Table Sacchachem Biotechnology Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Sacchachem Biotechnology Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Sacchachem Biotechnology Amino Sugar Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Sacchachem Biotechnology Amino Sugar Production Market Share (2012-2017)
Figure Sacchachem Biotechnology Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Apeloau Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Apeloau Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Apeloau Amino Sugar Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Apeloau Amino Sugar Production Market Share (2012-2017)
Figure Apeloau Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Jieshi Kang Biotechnology Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Jieshi Kang Biotechnology Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Jieshi Kang Biotechnology Amino Sugar Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Jieshi Kang Biotechnology Amino Sugar Production Market Share (2012-2017)
Figure Jieshi Kang Biotechnology Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Yaanda Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Yaanda Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Yaanda Amino Sugar Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Yaanda Amino Sugar Production Market Share (2012-2017)
Figure Yaanda Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Jiushoutang Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Jiushoutang Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT), Revenue (Million USD), Price (USD/MT) and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Jiushoutang Amino Sugar Production Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Jiushoutang Amino Sugar Production Market Share (2012-2017)
Figure Jiushoutang Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Amino Sugar
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Amino Sugar
Figure Amino Sugar Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Amino Sugar Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Amino Sugar
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Amino Sugar Capacity, Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Price (Million USD) and Trend Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production Market Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption Market Share Forecast by Region (2017-2022)
Figure North America Amino Sugar Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure North America Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table North America Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export and Import (MT) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Amino Sugar Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Europe Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export and Import (MT) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Amino Sugar Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure China Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table China Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export and Import (MT) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Amino Sugar Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Japan Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Japan Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export and Import (MT) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export and Import (MT) Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure India Amino Sugar Production (MT) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure India Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table India Amino Sugar Production, Consumption, Export and Import (MT) Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Production (MT) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Amino Sugar Revenue (Million USD) Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Revenue Market Share Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Amino Sugar Price Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Figure Global Amino Sugar Consumption (MT) Forecast by Application (2017-2022)
Table Research Programs/Design for This Report
Figure Bottom-up and Top-down Approaches for This Report
Figure Data Triangulation
Table Key Data Information from Secondary Sources
Table Key Data Information from Primary Source