Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Research Report Forecast 2017 to 2022

July 2017 | 135 pages | ID: E5E9D0979A8EN
S&P Consulting

Abstracts

Delivery of the Report will take 2-3 working days once order is placed.

The Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Research Report Forecast 2017-2022 is a valuable source of insightful data for business strategists. It provides the Biosimilar Drug industry overview with growth analysis and historical & futuristic cost, revenue, demand and supply data (as applicable). The research analysts provide an elaborate description of the value chain and its distributor analysis. This Biosimilar Drug market study provides comprehensive data which enhances the understanding, scope and application of this report.

This report provides comprehensive analysis of

• Key market segments and sub-segments
• Evolving market trends and dynamics
• Changing supply and demand scenarios
• Quantifying market opportunities through market sizing and market forecasting
• Tracking current trends/opportunities/challenges
• Competitive insights
• Opportunity mapping in terms of technological breakthroughs

Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Analysis by Countries :
Germany
France
UK
Russia
Italy
Spain
Benelux

The Major players reported in the market include:
CP Guojian Pharma
Biotech Pharma
Celgen Pharma
Henlius
company 5
company 6
company 7
company 8
company 9

Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Analysis by Product :
Injection
Tablets
Others

Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Analysis by Application:
Application 1
Application 2
Application 3

Reasons for Buying this Report

• This report provides pin-point analysis for changing competitive dynamics
• It provides a forward looking perspective on different factors driving or restraining market growth
• It provides a six-year forecast assessed on the basis of how the market is predicted to grow
• It helps in understanding the key product segments and their future
• It provides pin point analysis of changing competition dynamics and keeps you ahead of competitors
• It helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Contents

1 BIOSIMILAR DRUG MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Biosimilar Drug
1.2 Classification of Biosimilar Drug
  1.2.1 Injection
  1.2.2 Tablets
  1.2.3 Others
1.3 Application of Biosimilar Drug
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Biosimilar Drug Market States Status and Prospect (2012-2022) by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany
  1.4.2 France
  1.4.3 UK
  1.4.4 Russia
  1.4.5 Italy
  1.4.6 Spain
  1.4.7 Benelux
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Biosimilar Drug (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 EUROPE ECONOMIC IMPACT ON BIOSIMILAR DRUG INDUSTRY

2.1 Europe Macroeconomic Analysis
2.2 Europe Macroeconomic Environment Development Trend

3 BIOSIMILAR DRUG MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

3.1 Biosimilar Drug Key Raw Materials Analysis
  3.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  3.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  3.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  3.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
3.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  3.2.1 Raw Materials
  3.2.2 Labor Cost
  3.2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Biosimilar Drug

4 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

4.1 Biosimilar Drug Industrial Chain Analysis
4.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
4.3 Raw Materials Sources of Biosimilar Drug Major Manufacturers in 2016
4.4 Downstream Buyers

5 EUROPE BIOSIMILAR DRUG MARKET ANALYSIS BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

5.1 Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Competition by Manufacturers
  5.1.1 Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  5.1.2 Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
5.2 Europe Biosimilar Drug (Volume and Value) by Type
  5.2.1 Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
  5.2.2 Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
5.3 Europe Biosimilar Drug (Volume and Value) by Countries
  5.3.1 Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
  5.3.2 Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
5.4 Europe Biosimilar Drug (Volume) by Application

6 GERMANY BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  6.1.1 Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.2 Germany Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.3 Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

7 FRANCE BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  7.1.1 France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.2 France Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.3 France Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

8 UK BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  8.1.1 UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.2 UK Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.3 UK Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

9 RUSSIA BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  9.1.1 Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.2 Russia Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.3 Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

10 ITALY BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

10.1 Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  10.1.1 Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  10.1.2 Italy Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  10.1.3 Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
10.2 Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
10.3 Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
10.4 Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

11 SPAIN BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

11.1 Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  11.1.1 Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  11.1.2 Spain Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  11.1.3 Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
11.2 Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
11.3 Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
11.4 Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

12 BENELUX BIOSIMILAR DRUG (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

12.1 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  12.1.1 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  12.1.2 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  12.1.3 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
12.2 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
12.3 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type
12.4 Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application

13 EUROPE BIOSIMILAR DRUG MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

13.1 CP Guojian Pharma
  13.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.1.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.1.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.1.4 Business Overview
13.2 Biotech Pharma
  13.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.2.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.2.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.2.4 Business Overview
13.3 Celgen Pharma
  13.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.3.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.3.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.3.4 Business Overview
13.4 Henlius
  13.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.4.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.4.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.4.4 Business Overview
13.5 company
  13.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.5.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.5.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.5.4 Business Overview
13.6 company
  13.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.6.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.6.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.6.4 Business Overview
13.7 company
  13.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.7.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.7.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.7.4 Business Overview
13.8 company
  13.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.8.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.8.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.8.4 Business Overview
13.9 company
  13.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  13.9.2 Product Type, Application and Specification
  13.9.3 Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  13.9.4 Business Overview

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

14.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  14.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  14.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
14.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
14.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

15 EUROPE BIOSIMILAR DRUG MARKET FORECAST (2017-2022)

15.1 Germany Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.2 France Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.3 UK Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.4 Russia Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.5 Italy Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.6 Spain Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.7 Benelux Market Forecast (2017-2022)
15.8 Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
15.9 Europe Biosimilar Drug Market Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

16 APPENDIX

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Biosimilar Drug
Table Classification of Biosimilar Drug
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Type in 2016
Table Application of Biosimilar Drug
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Application in 2016
Figure Germany Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure France Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure UK Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Russia Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Italy Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Spain Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Benelux Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Biosimilar Drug Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Biosimilar Drug Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Biosimilar Drug by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Biosimilar Drug Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table CP Guojian Pharma Basic Information List
Table CP Guojian Pharma Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure CP Guojian Pharma Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Biotech Pharma Basic Information List
Table Biotech Pharma Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Biotech Pharma Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Celgen Pharma Basic Information List
Table Celgen Pharma Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Celgen Pharma Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Henlius Basic Information List
Table Henlius Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Henlius Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table company 5 Basic Information List
Table company 5 Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure company 5 Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table company 6 Basic Information List
Table company 6 Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table company 6 Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table company 7 Basic Information List
Table company 7 Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure company 7 Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table company 8 Basic Information List
Table company 8 Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table company 8 Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table company 9 Basic Information List
Table company 9 Biosimilar Drug Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure company 9 Biosimilar Drug Sales Market Share (2012-2017).
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Biosimilar Drug
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Biosimilar Drug
Figure Biosimilar Drug Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Biosimilar Drug Major Manufacturers in 2016
Table Major Buyers of Biosimilar Drug
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Germany Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Biosimilar Drug Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Biosimilar Drug Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Europe Biosimilar Drug Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

COMPANIES MENTIONED

CP Guojian Pharma
Biotech Pharma
Celgen Pharma
Henlius