Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Supply, Demand and Key Producers, 2023-2029
The global Elderly Traditional Tonic market size is expected to reach $ 2878.4 million by 2029, rising at a market growth of 4.0% CAGR during the forecast period (2023-2029).
Elderly traditional tonics are natural remedies that have been used for generations in many cultures around the world to support the health and well-being of older adults. These tonics are typically made from natural ingredients, such as herbs, roots. The specific ingredients used in traditional tonics can vary depending on the culture and region. For example, traditional Chinese tonics may include ginseng, goji berries, and deer antler, while traditional Indian tonics may contain turmeric, ashwagandha, and holy basil.
This report studies the global Elderly Traditional Tonic demand, key companies, and key regions.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Elderly Traditional Tonic, and provides market size (US$ million) and Year-over-Year (YoY) growth, considering 2022 as the base year. This report explores demand trends and competition, as well as details the characteristics of Elderly Traditional Tonic that contribute to its increasing demand across many markets.
Highlights and key features of the study
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market by region & country, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
U.S. VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic total market, key domestic companies and share, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic revenue by player and market share 2018-2023, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market by Type, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market by Channel, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
This reports profiles major players in the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market based on the following parameters – company overview, revenue, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Renhe Group, Xxdun, LaoJin MoFang, YAN PALACE, Zhengguanzhuang, Tong Ren Tang, QILI XIANG, Comvita and Lei Yunshang Group, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the World Elderly Traditional Tonic market
Detailed Segmentation:
Each section contains quantitative market data including market by value (US$ Millions), by player, by regions, by Type, and by Channel. Data is given for the years 2018-2029 by year with 2022 as the base year, 2023 as the estimate year, and 2024-2029 as the forecast year.
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Market, By Region:
1. How big is the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
2. What is the demand of the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
3. What is the year over year growth of the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
4. What is the total value of the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
5. Who are the major players in the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
6. What are the growth factors driving the market demand?
Elderly traditional tonics are natural remedies that have been used for generations in many cultures around the world to support the health and well-being of older adults. These tonics are typically made from natural ingredients, such as herbs, roots. The specific ingredients used in traditional tonics can vary depending on the culture and region. For example, traditional Chinese tonics may include ginseng, goji berries, and deer antler, while traditional Indian tonics may contain turmeric, ashwagandha, and holy basil.
This report studies the global Elderly Traditional Tonic demand, key companies, and key regions.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the world market for Elderly Traditional Tonic, and provides market size (US$ million) and Year-over-Year (YoY) growth, considering 2022 as the base year. This report explores demand trends and competition, as well as details the characteristics of Elderly Traditional Tonic that contribute to its increasing demand across many markets.
Highlights and key features of the study
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market by region & country, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
U.S. VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic total market, key domestic companies and share, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic revenue by player and market share 2018-2023, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market by Type, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic total market by Channel, CAGR, 2018-2029, (USD Million)
This reports profiles major players in the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market based on the following parameters – company overview, revenue, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments. Key companies covered as a part of this study include Renhe Group, Xxdun, LaoJin MoFang, YAN PALACE, Zhengguanzhuang, Tong Ren Tang, QILI XIANG, Comvita and Lei Yunshang Group, etc.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Stakeholders would have ease in decision-making through various strategy matrices used in analyzing the World Elderly Traditional Tonic market
Detailed Segmentation:
Each section contains quantitative market data including market by value (US$ Millions), by player, by regions, by Type, and by Channel. Data is given for the years 2018-2029 by year with 2022 as the base year, 2023 as the estimate year, and 2024-2029 as the forecast year.
Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Market, By Region:
- United States
- China
- Europe
- Japan
- South Korea
- ASEAN
- India
- Rest of World
- Medicine and Food Homologous Products
- Instant Bird’s Nest
- Ginseng Product
- Bee Products
- Health Tea
- Peach Gum
- Other
- Online Sales
- Offline Sales
- Renhe Group
- Xxdun
- LaoJin MoFang
- YAN PALACE
- Zhengguanzhuang
- Tong Ren Tang
- QILI XIANG
- Comvita
- Lei Yunshang Group
1. How big is the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
2. What is the demand of the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
3. What is the year over year growth of the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
4. What is the total value of the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
5. Who are the major players in the global Elderly Traditional Tonic market?
6. What are the growth factors driving the market demand?
1 SUPPLY SUMMARY
1.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Introduction
1.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size & Forecast (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.3 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Total Market by Region (by Headquarter Location)
1.3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Region (2018-2029), (by Headquarter Location)
1.3.2 United States Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.3 China Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.4 Europe Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.5 Japan Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.6 South Korea Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.7 ASEAN Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.8 India Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.4.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Drivers
1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
1.4.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Major Market Trends
1.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
1.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
1.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
2 DEMAND SUMMARY
2.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value by Region
2.2.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
2.3 United States Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.4 China Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.5 Europe Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.6 Japan Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.7 South Korea Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.8 ASEAN Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.9 India Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
3 WORLD ELDERLY TRADITIONAL TONIC COMPANIES COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Player (2018-2023)
3.2 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
3.2.1 Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Industry Rank of Major Players
3.2.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Elderly Traditional Tonic in 2022
3.2.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Elderly Traditional Tonic in 2022
3.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Company Evaluation Quadrant
3.4 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.4.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Region Footprint
3.4.2 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.4.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.5 Competitive Environment
3.5.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
3.5.2 Barriers of Market Entry
3.5.3 Factors of Competition
3.6 Mergers, Acquisitions Activity
4 UNITED STATES VS CHINA VS REST OF THE WORLD (BY HEADQUARTER LOCATION)
4.1 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Comparison (by Headquarter Location)
4.1.1 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029) (by Headquarter Location)
4.1.2 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2 United States Based Companies VS China Based Companies: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Comparison
4.2.1 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2.2 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.3 United States Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.3.1 United States Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
4.3.2 United States Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023)
4.4 China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.4.1 China Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Company Headquarters (Province, Country)
4.4.2 China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023)
4.5 Rest of World Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.5.1 Rest of World Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
4.5.2 Rest of World Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023)
5 MARKET ANALYSIS BY TYPE
5.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Overview by Type: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.2 Segment Introduction by Type
5.2.1 Medicine and Food Homologous Products
5.2.2 Instant Bird’s Nest
5.2.3 Ginseng Product
5.2.4 Bee Products
5.2.5 Health Tea
5.2.6 Peach Gum
5.2.7 Other
5.3 Market Segment by Type
5.3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2018-2023)
5.3.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2024-2029)
5.3.3 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
6 MARKET ANALYSIS BY CHANNEL
6.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Overview by Channel: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.2 Segment Introduction by Channel
6.2.1 Online Sales
6.2.2 Offline Sales
6.3 Market Segment by Channel
6.3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2018-2023)
6.3.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2024-2029)
6.3.3 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2018-2029)
7 COMPANY PROFILES
7.1 Renhe Group
7.1.1 Renhe Group Details
7.1.2 Renhe Group Major Business
7.1.3 Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.1.4 Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Renhe Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.1.6 Renhe Group Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.2 Xxdun
7.2.1 Xxdun Details
7.2.2 Xxdun Major Business
7.2.3 Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.2.4 Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Xxdun Recent Developments/Updates
7.2.6 Xxdun Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.3 LaoJin MoFang
7.3.1 LaoJin MoFang Details
7.3.2 LaoJin MoFang Major Business
7.3.3 LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.3.4 LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.3.5 LaoJin MoFang Recent Developments/Updates
7.3.6 LaoJin MoFang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.4 YAN PALACE
7.4.1 YAN PALACE Details
7.4.2 YAN PALACE Major Business
7.4.3 YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.4.4 YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.4.5 YAN PALACE Recent Developments/Updates
7.4.6 YAN PALACE Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.5 Zhengguanzhuang
7.5.1 Zhengguanzhuang Details
7.5.2 Zhengguanzhuang Major Business
7.5.3 Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.5.4 Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Zhengguanzhuang Recent Developments/Updates
7.5.6 Zhengguanzhuang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.6 Tong Ren Tang
7.6.1 Tong Ren Tang Details
7.6.2 Tong Ren Tang Major Business
7.6.3 Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.6.4 Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Tong Ren Tang Recent Developments/Updates
7.6.6 Tong Ren Tang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.7 QILI XIANG
7.7.1 QILI XIANG Details
7.7.2 QILI XIANG Major Business
7.7.3 QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.7.4 QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.7.5 QILI XIANG Recent Developments/Updates
7.7.6 QILI XIANG Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.8 Comvita
7.8.1 Comvita Details
7.8.2 Comvita Major Business
7.8.3 Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.8.4 Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Comvita Recent Developments/Updates
7.8.6 Comvita Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.9 Lei Yunshang Group
7.9.1 Lei Yunshang Group Details
7.9.2 Lei Yunshang Group Major Business
7.9.3 Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.9.4 Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Lei Yunshang Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.9.6 Lei Yunshang Group Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
8 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
8.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Industry Chain
8.2 Elderly Traditional Tonic Upstream Analysis
8.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Midstream Analysis
8.4 Elderly Traditional Tonic Downstream Analysis
9 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
10 APPENDIX
10.1 Methodology
10.2 Research Process and Data Source
10.3 Disclaimer
1.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Introduction
1.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size & Forecast (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.3 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Total Market by Region (by Headquarter Location)
1.3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Region (2018-2029), (by Headquarter Location)
1.3.2 United States Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.3 China Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.4 Europe Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.5 Japan Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.6 South Korea Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.7 ASEAN Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.3.8 India Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size (2018-2029)
1.4 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends
1.4.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Drivers
1.4.2 Factors Affecting Demand
1.4.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Major Market Trends
1.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
1.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
1.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
2 DEMAND SUMMARY
2.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value by Region
2.2.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023)
2.2.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Forecast by Region (2024-2029)
2.3 United States Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.4 China Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.5 Europe Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.6 Japan Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.7 South Korea Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.8 ASEAN Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
2.9 India Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029)
3 WORLD ELDERLY TRADITIONAL TONIC COMPANIES COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Player (2018-2023)
3.2 Industry Rank and Concentration Rate (CR)
3.2.1 Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Industry Rank of Major Players
3.2.2 Global Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Elderly Traditional Tonic in 2022
3.2.3 Global Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Elderly Traditional Tonic in 2022
3.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Company Evaluation Quadrant
3.4 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.4.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Region Footprint
3.4.2 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.4.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.5 Competitive Environment
3.5.1 Historical Structure of the Industry
3.5.2 Barriers of Market Entry
3.5.3 Factors of Competition
3.6 Mergers, Acquisitions Activity
4 UNITED STATES VS CHINA VS REST OF THE WORLD (BY HEADQUARTER LOCATION)
4.1 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Comparison (by Headquarter Location)
4.1.1 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029) (by Headquarter Location)
4.1.2 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2 United States Based Companies VS China Based Companies: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Comparison
4.2.1 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.2.2 United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
4.3 United States Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.3.1 United States Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
4.3.2 United States Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023)
4.4 China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.4.1 China Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Company Headquarters (Province, Country)
4.4.2 China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023)
4.5 Rest of World Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies and Market Share, 2018-2023
4.5.1 Rest of World Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
4.5.2 Rest of World Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023)
5 MARKET ANALYSIS BY TYPE
5.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Overview by Type: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
5.2 Segment Introduction by Type
5.2.1 Medicine and Food Homologous Products
5.2.2 Instant Bird’s Nest
5.2.3 Ginseng Product
5.2.4 Bee Products
5.2.5 Health Tea
5.2.6 Peach Gum
5.2.7 Other
5.3 Market Segment by Type
5.3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2018-2023)
5.3.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2024-2029)
5.3.3 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
6 MARKET ANALYSIS BY CHANNEL
6.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Overview by Channel: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029
6.2 Segment Introduction by Channel
6.2.1 Online Sales
6.2.2 Offline Sales
6.3 Market Segment by Channel
6.3.1 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2018-2023)
6.3.2 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2024-2029)
6.3.3 World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2018-2029)
7 COMPANY PROFILES
7.1 Renhe Group
7.1.1 Renhe Group Details
7.1.2 Renhe Group Major Business
7.1.3 Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.1.4 Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.1.5 Renhe Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.1.6 Renhe Group Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.2 Xxdun
7.2.1 Xxdun Details
7.2.2 Xxdun Major Business
7.2.3 Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.2.4 Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.2.5 Xxdun Recent Developments/Updates
7.2.6 Xxdun Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.3 LaoJin MoFang
7.3.1 LaoJin MoFang Details
7.3.2 LaoJin MoFang Major Business
7.3.3 LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.3.4 LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.3.5 LaoJin MoFang Recent Developments/Updates
7.3.6 LaoJin MoFang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.4 YAN PALACE
7.4.1 YAN PALACE Details
7.4.2 YAN PALACE Major Business
7.4.3 YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.4.4 YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.4.5 YAN PALACE Recent Developments/Updates
7.4.6 YAN PALACE Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.5 Zhengguanzhuang
7.5.1 Zhengguanzhuang Details
7.5.2 Zhengguanzhuang Major Business
7.5.3 Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.5.4 Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.5.5 Zhengguanzhuang Recent Developments/Updates
7.5.6 Zhengguanzhuang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.6 Tong Ren Tang
7.6.1 Tong Ren Tang Details
7.6.2 Tong Ren Tang Major Business
7.6.3 Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.6.4 Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.6.5 Tong Ren Tang Recent Developments/Updates
7.6.6 Tong Ren Tang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.7 QILI XIANG
7.7.1 QILI XIANG Details
7.7.2 QILI XIANG Major Business
7.7.3 QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.7.4 QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.7.5 QILI XIANG Recent Developments/Updates
7.7.6 QILI XIANG Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.8 Comvita
7.8.1 Comvita Details
7.8.2 Comvita Major Business
7.8.3 Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.8.4 Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.8.5 Comvita Recent Developments/Updates
7.8.6 Comvita Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
7.9 Lei Yunshang Group
7.9.1 Lei Yunshang Group Details
7.9.2 Lei Yunshang Group Major Business
7.9.3 Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
7.9.4 Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
7.9.5 Lei Yunshang Group Recent Developments/Updates
7.9.6 Lei Yunshang Group Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
8 INDUSTRY CHAIN ANALYSIS
8.1 Elderly Traditional Tonic Industry Chain
8.2 Elderly Traditional Tonic Upstream Analysis
8.3 Elderly Traditional Tonic Midstream Analysis
8.4 Elderly Traditional Tonic Downstream Analysis
9 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
10 APPENDIX
10.1 Methodology
10.2 Research Process and Data Source
10.3 Disclaimer
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 2. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 3. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 4. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2023), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 5. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2024-2029), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 6. Major Market Trends
Table 7. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 8. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 9. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 10. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Player (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 11. Revenue Market Share of Key Elderly Traditional Tonic Players in 2022
Table 12. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Industry Rank of Major Player, Based on Revenue in 2022
Table 13. Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Company Evaluation Quadrant
Table 14. Head Office of Key Elderly Traditional Tonic Player
Table 15. Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 16. Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 17. Elderly Traditional Tonic Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
Table 18. United States VS China Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 19. United States VS China Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 20. United States Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 21. United States Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 22. United States Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 23. China Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (Province, Country)
Table 24. China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 25. China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 26. Rest of World Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 27. Rest of World Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 28. Rest of World Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 29. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 30. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 31. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 32. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 33. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 34. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 35. Renhe Group Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 36. Renhe Group Major Business
Table 37. Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 38. Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 39. Renhe Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 40. Renhe Group Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 41. Xxdun Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 42. Xxdun Major Business
Table 43. Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 44. Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Xxdun Recent Developments/Updates
Table 46. Xxdun Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 47. LaoJin MoFang Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 48. LaoJin MoFang Major Business
Table 49. LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 50. LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 51. LaoJin MoFang Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. LaoJin MoFang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 53. YAN PALACE Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 54. YAN PALACE Major Business
Table 55. YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 56. YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 57. YAN PALACE Recent Developments/Updates
Table 58. YAN PALACE Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 59. Zhengguanzhuang Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 60. Zhengguanzhuang Major Business
Table 61. Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 62. Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 63. Zhengguanzhuang Recent Developments/Updates
Table 64. Zhengguanzhuang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 65. Tong Ren Tang Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 66. Tong Ren Tang Major Business
Table 67. Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 68. Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Tong Ren Tang Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Tong Ren Tang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 71. QILI XIANG Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 72. QILI XIANG Major Business
Table 73. QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 74. QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 75. QILI XIANG Recent Developments/Updates
Table 76. QILI XIANG Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 77. Comvita Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 78. Comvita Major Business
Table 79. Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 80. Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 81. Comvita Recent Developments/Updates
Table 82. Lei Yunshang Group Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 83. Lei Yunshang Group Major Business
Table 84. Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 85. Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 86. Global Key Players of Elderly Traditional Tonic Upstream (Raw Materials)
Table 87. Elderly Traditional Tonic Typical Customers
Table 1. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 2. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 3. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 4. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2023), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 5. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2024-2029), (by Headquarter Location)
Table 6. Major Market Trends
Table 7. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Growth Rate Forecast by Region (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 8. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 9. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Forecast by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 10. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue by Player (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 11. Revenue Market Share of Key Elderly Traditional Tonic Players in 2022
Table 12. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Industry Rank of Major Player, Based on Revenue in 2022
Table 13. Global Elderly Traditional Tonic Company Evaluation Quadrant
Table 14. Head Office of Key Elderly Traditional Tonic Player
Table 15. Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 16. Elderly Traditional Tonic Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 17. Elderly Traditional Tonic Mergers & Acquisitions Activity
Table 18. United States VS China Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 19. United States VS China Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Comparison, (2018 & 2022 & 2029) & (USD Million)
Table 20. United States Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 21. United States Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 22. United States Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 23. China Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (Province, Country)
Table 24. China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 25. China Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 26. Rest of World Based Elderly Traditional Tonic Companies, Headquarters (States, Country)
Table 27. Rest of World Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 28. Rest of World Based Companies Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 29. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 30. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 31. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 32. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 33. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 34. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 35. Renhe Group Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 36. Renhe Group Major Business
Table 37. Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 38. Renhe Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 39. Renhe Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 40. Renhe Group Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 41. Xxdun Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 42. Xxdun Major Business
Table 43. Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 44. Xxdun Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 45. Xxdun Recent Developments/Updates
Table 46. Xxdun Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 47. LaoJin MoFang Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 48. LaoJin MoFang Major Business
Table 49. LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 50. LaoJin MoFang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 51. LaoJin MoFang Recent Developments/Updates
Table 52. LaoJin MoFang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 53. YAN PALACE Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 54. YAN PALACE Major Business
Table 55. YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 56. YAN PALACE Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 57. YAN PALACE Recent Developments/Updates
Table 58. YAN PALACE Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 59. Zhengguanzhuang Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 60. Zhengguanzhuang Major Business
Table 61. Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 62. Zhengguanzhuang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 63. Zhengguanzhuang Recent Developments/Updates
Table 64. Zhengguanzhuang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 65. Tong Ren Tang Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 66. Tong Ren Tang Major Business
Table 67. Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 68. Tong Ren Tang Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 69. Tong Ren Tang Recent Developments/Updates
Table 70. Tong Ren Tang Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 71. QILI XIANG Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 72. QILI XIANG Major Business
Table 73. QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 74. QILI XIANG Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 75. QILI XIANG Recent Developments/Updates
Table 76. QILI XIANG Competitive Strengths & Weaknesses
Table 77. Comvita Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 78. Comvita Major Business
Table 79. Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 80. Comvita Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 81. Comvita Recent Developments/Updates
Table 82. Lei Yunshang Group Basic Information, Area Served and Competitors
Table 83. Lei Yunshang Group Major Business
Table 84. Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Product and Services
Table 85. Lei Yunshang Group Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 86. Global Key Players of Elderly Traditional Tonic Upstream (Raw Materials)
Table 87. Elderly Traditional Tonic Typical Customers
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Elderly Traditional Tonic Picture
Figure 2. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Total Market Size: 2018 & 2022 & 2029, (USD Million)
Figure 3. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Total Market Size (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 4. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million) , (by Headquarter Location)
Figure 5. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2029), (by Headquarter Location)
Figure 6. United States Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 7. China Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 8. Europe Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 9. Japan Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. South Korea Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. ASEAN Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 12. India Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 13. Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Drivers
Figure 14. Factors Affecting Demand
Figure 15. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 16. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 17. United States Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 18. China Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 19. Europe Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 20. Japan Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 21. South Korea Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 22. ASEAN Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 23. India Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 24. Producer Shipments of Elderly Traditional Tonic by Player Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
Figure 25. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Elderly Traditional Tonic Markets in 2022
Figure 26. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Elderly Traditional Tonic Markets in 2022
Figure 27. United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 28. United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 29. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 30. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 31. Medicine and Food Homologous Products
Figure 32. Instant Bird’s Nest
Figure 33. Ginseng Product
Figure 34. Bee Products
Figure 35. Health Tea
Figure 36. Peach Gum
Figure 37. Other
Figure 38. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 39. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 40. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Channel in 2022
Figure 41. Online Sales
Figure 42. Offline Sales
Figure 43. Elderly Traditional Tonic Industrial Chain
Figure 44. Methodology
Figure 45. Research Process and Data Source
Figure 1. Elderly Traditional Tonic Picture
Figure 2. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Total Market Size: 2018 & 2022 & 2029, (USD Million)
Figure 3. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Total Market Size (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 4. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2018, 2022 and 2029) & (USD Million) , (by Headquarter Location)
Figure 5. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share by Region (2018-2029), (by Headquarter Location)
Figure 6. United States Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 7. China Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 8. Europe Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 9. Japan Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 10. South Korea Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 11. ASEAN Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 12. India Based Company Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 13. Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Drivers
Figure 14. Factors Affecting Demand
Figure 15. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 16. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 17. United States Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 18. China Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 19. Europe Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 20. Japan Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 21. South Korea Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 22. ASEAN Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 23. India Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 24. Producer Shipments of Elderly Traditional Tonic by Player Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
Figure 25. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR4) for Elderly Traditional Tonic Markets in 2022
Figure 26. Global Four-firm Concentration Ratios (CR8) for Elderly Traditional Tonic Markets in 2022
Figure 27. United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Revenue Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 28. United States VS China: Elderly Traditional Tonic Consumption Value Market Share Comparison (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
Figure 29. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 30. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 31. Medicine and Food Homologous Products
Figure 32. Instant Bird’s Nest
Figure 33. Ginseng Product
Figure 34. Bee Products
Figure 35. Health Tea
Figure 36. Peach Gum
Figure 37. Other
Figure 38. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 39. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size by Channel, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 40. World Elderly Traditional Tonic Market Size Market Share by Channel in 2022
Figure 41. Online Sales
Figure 42. Offline Sales
Figure 43. Elderly Traditional Tonic Industrial Chain
Figure 44. Methodology
Figure 45. Research Process and Data Source
