Global Crown Cap Industry Research Report, Competitive Landscape, Market Size, Regional Status and Prospect
The report combines extensive quantitative analysis and exhaustive qualitative analysis, ranges from a macro overview of the total market size, industry chain, and market dynamics to micro details of segment markets by type, application and region, and, as a result, provides a holistic view of, as well as a deep insight into the Crown Cap market covering all its essential aspects.For the competitive landscape, the report also introduces players in the industry from the perspective of the market share, concentration ratio, etc., and describes the leading companies in detail, with which the readers can get a better idea of their competitors and acquire an in-depth understanding of the competitive situation. Further, mergers & acquisitions, emerging market trends, the impact of COVID-19, and regional conflicts will all be considered.In a nutshell, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the market in any manner.Key players in the global Crown Cap market are covered in Chapter 9:Crown Holdings Inc.
Nippon Closures Co. Ltd
Finn-Korkki Oy
PELLICONI & C. SPA
Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA
In Chapter 5 and Chapter 7.3, based on types, the Crown Cap market from 2017 to 2027 is primarily split into:Aluminium
Steel and Tin-plated
In Chapter 6 and Chapter 7.4, based on applications, the Crown Cap market from 2017 to 2027 covers:Food Packaging
Beverage Packaging
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historical data and forecast (2017-2027) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 4 and Chapter 7:United StatesEuropeChinaJapanIndiaSoutheast AsiaLatin AmericaMiddle East and AfricaClient Focus1. Does this report consider the impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Crown Cap market? Yes. As the COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war are profoundly affecting the global supply chain relationship and raw material price system, we have definitely taken them into consideration throughout the research, and in Chapters 1.7, 2.7, 4.X.1, 7.5, 8.7, we elaborate at full length on the impact of the pandemic and the war on the Crown Cap Industry. 2. How do you determine the list of the key players included in the report? With the aim of clearly revealing the competitive situation of the industry, we concretely analyze not only the leading enterprises that have a voice on a global scale, but also the regional small and medium-sized companies that play key roles and have plenty of potential growth. Please find the key player list in Summary.3. What are your main data sources?Both Primary and Secondary data sources are being used while compiling the report.Primary sources include extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts (such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs, and marketing executives), downstream distributors, as well as end-users.Secondary sources include the research of the annual and financial reports of the top companies, public files, new journals, etc. We also cooperate with some third-party databases.Please find a more complete list of data sources in Chapters 11.2.1 & 11.2.2.4. Can I modify the scope of the report and customize it to suit my requirements? Yes. Customized requirements of multi-dimensional, deep-level and high-quality can help our customers precisely grasp market opportunities, effortlessly confront market challenges, properly formulate market strategies and act promptly, thus to win them sufficient time and space for market competition.OutlineChapter 1 mainly defines the market scope and introduces the macro overview of the industry, with an executive summary of different market segments ((by type, application, region, etc.), including the definition, market size, and trend of each market segment.Chapter 2 provides a qualitative analysis of the current status and future trends of the market. Industry Entry Barriers, market drivers, market challenges, emerging markets, consumer preference analysis, together with the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak will all be thoroughly explained. Chapter 3 analyzes the current competitive situation of the market by providing data regarding the players, including their sales volume and revenue with corresponding market shares, price and gross margin. In addition, information about market concentration ratio, mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans will also be covered.Chapter 4 focuses on the regional market, presenting detailed data (i.e., sales volume, revenue, price, gross margin) of the most representative regions and countries in the world.Chapter 5 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering sales volume, revenue along with market share and growth rate, plus the price analysis of each type.Chapter 6 shows the breakdown data of different applications, including the consumption and revenue with market share and growth rate, with the aim of helping the readers to take a close-up look at the downstream market.Chapter 7 provides a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the market size and development trends in the next five years. The forecast information of the whole, as well as the breakdown market, offers the readers a chance to look into the future of the industry.Chapter 8 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, covering key raw materials suppliers and price analysis, manufacturing cost structure analysis, alternative product analysis, also providing information on major distributors, downstream buyers, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.Chapter 9 shares a list of the key players in the market, together with their basic information, product profiles, market performance (i.e., sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin), recent development, SWOT analysis, etc.Chapter 10 is the conclusion of the report which helps the readers to sum up the main findings and points. Chapter 11 introduces the market research methods and data sources.Years considered for this report:Historical Years: 2017-2021Base Year: 2021Estimated Year: 2022Forecast Period: 2022-2027
Nippon Closures Co. Ltd
Finn-Korkki Oy
PELLICONI & C. SPA
Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA
In Chapter 5 and Chapter 7.3, based on types, the Crown Cap market from 2017 to 2027 is primarily split into:Aluminium
Steel and Tin-plated
In Chapter 6 and Chapter 7.4, based on applications, the Crown Cap market from 2017 to 2027 covers:Food Packaging
Beverage Packaging
Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historical data and forecast (2017-2027) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 4 and Chapter 7:United StatesEuropeChinaJapanIndiaSoutheast AsiaLatin AmericaMiddle East and AfricaClient Focus1. Does this report consider the impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Crown Cap market? Yes. As the COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war are profoundly affecting the global supply chain relationship and raw material price system, we have definitely taken them into consideration throughout the research, and in Chapters 1.7, 2.7, 4.X.1, 7.5, 8.7, we elaborate at full length on the impact of the pandemic and the war on the Crown Cap Industry. 2. How do you determine the list of the key players included in the report? With the aim of clearly revealing the competitive situation of the industry, we concretely analyze not only the leading enterprises that have a voice on a global scale, but also the regional small and medium-sized companies that play key roles and have plenty of potential growth. Please find the key player list in Summary.3. What are your main data sources?Both Primary and Secondary data sources are being used while compiling the report.Primary sources include extensive interviews of key opinion leaders and industry experts (such as experienced front-line staff, directors, CEOs, and marketing executives), downstream distributors, as well as end-users.Secondary sources include the research of the annual and financial reports of the top companies, public files, new journals, etc. We also cooperate with some third-party databases.Please find a more complete list of data sources in Chapters 11.2.1 & 11.2.2.4. Can I modify the scope of the report and customize it to suit my requirements? Yes. Customized requirements of multi-dimensional, deep-level and high-quality can help our customers precisely grasp market opportunities, effortlessly confront market challenges, properly formulate market strategies and act promptly, thus to win them sufficient time and space for market competition.OutlineChapter 1 mainly defines the market scope and introduces the macro overview of the industry, with an executive summary of different market segments ((by type, application, region, etc.), including the definition, market size, and trend of each market segment.Chapter 2 provides a qualitative analysis of the current status and future trends of the market. Industry Entry Barriers, market drivers, market challenges, emerging markets, consumer preference analysis, together with the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak will all be thoroughly explained. Chapter 3 analyzes the current competitive situation of the market by providing data regarding the players, including their sales volume and revenue with corresponding market shares, price and gross margin. In addition, information about market concentration ratio, mergers, acquisitions, and expansion plans will also be covered.Chapter 4 focuses on the regional market, presenting detailed data (i.e., sales volume, revenue, price, gross margin) of the most representative regions and countries in the world.Chapter 5 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering sales volume, revenue along with market share and growth rate, plus the price analysis of each type.Chapter 6 shows the breakdown data of different applications, including the consumption and revenue with market share and growth rate, with the aim of helping the readers to take a close-up look at the downstream market.Chapter 7 provides a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses of the market size and development trends in the next five years. The forecast information of the whole, as well as the breakdown market, offers the readers a chance to look into the future of the industry.Chapter 8 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, covering key raw materials suppliers and price analysis, manufacturing cost structure analysis, alternative product analysis, also providing information on major distributors, downstream buyers, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.Chapter 9 shares a list of the key players in the market, together with their basic information, product profiles, market performance (i.e., sales volume, price, revenue, gross margin), recent development, SWOT analysis, etc.Chapter 10 is the conclusion of the report which helps the readers to sum up the main findings and points. Chapter 11 introduces the market research methods and data sources.Years considered for this report:Historical Years: 2017-2021Base Year: 2021Estimated Year: 2022Forecast Period: 2022-2027
1 CROWN CAP MARKET OVERVIEW
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Crown Cap Market
1.2 Crown Cap Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2017-2027)
1.3 Global Crown Cap Market Segment by Application
1.3.1 Crown Cap Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
1.4 Global Crown Cap Market, Region Wise (2017-2027)
1.4.1 Global Crown Cap Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2017-2027)
1.4.2 United States Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.3 Europe Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.4 China Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.5 Japan Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.6 India Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.8 Latin America Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.5 Global Market Size of Crown Cap (2017-2027)
1.5.1 Global Crown Cap Market Revenue Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.5.2 Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.6 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.7 The impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Crown Cap Market
2 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
2.1 Crown Cap Industry Technology Status and Trends
2.2 Industry Entry Barriers
2.2.1 Analysis of Financial Barriers
2.2.2 Analysis of Technical Barriers
2.2.3 Analysis of Talent Barriers
2.2.4 Analysis of Brand Barrier
2.3 Crown Cap Market Drivers Analysis
2.4 Crown Cap Market Challenges Analysis
2.5 Emerging Market Trends
2.6 Consumer Preference Analysis
2.7 Crown Cap Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak
2.7.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview
2.7.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Crown Cap Industry Development
3 GLOBAL CROWN CAP MARKET LANDSCAPE BY PLAYER
3.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Crown Cap Average Price by Player (2017-2022)
3.4 Global Crown Cap Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
3.5 Crown Cap Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.5.1 Crown Cap Market Concentration Rate
3.5.2 Crown Cap Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players
3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 GLOBAL CROWN CAP SALES VOLUME AND REVENUE REGION WISE (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.3 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4 United States Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4.1 United States Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.5 Europe Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.5.1 Europe Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.6 China Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.6.1 China Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.7 Japan Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.7.1 Japan Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.8 India Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.8.1 India Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.9 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.9.1 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.10 Latin America Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.10.1 Latin America Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.11 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.11.1 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
5 GLOBAL CROWN CAP SALES VOLUME, REVENUE, PRICE TREND BY TYPE
5.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.3 Global Crown Cap Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.4 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
5.4.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2017-2022)
6 GLOBAL CROWN CAP MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION
6.1 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Global Crown Cap Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.3 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.1 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Packaging (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging (2017-2022)
7 GLOBAL CROWN CAP MARKET FORECAST (2022-2027)
7.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.3 Global Crown Cap Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2022-2027)
7.2.1 United States Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 India Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.7 Latin America Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.8 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2022-2027)
7.4 Global Crown Cap Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Crown Cap Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Food Packaging(2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Crown Cap Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging(2022-2027)
7.5 Crown Cap Market Forecast Under COVID-19
8 CROWN CAP MARKET UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM ANALYSIS
8.1 Crown Cap Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
8.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
8.3.1 Labor Cost Analysis
8.3.2 Energy Costs Analysis
8.3.3 R&D Costs Analysis
8.4 Alternative Product Analysis
8.5 Major Distributors of Crown Cap Analysis
8.6 Major Downstream Buyers of Crown Cap Analysis
8.7 Impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Upstream and Downstream in the Crown Cap Industry
9 PLAYERS PROFILES
9.1 Crown Holdings Inc.
9.1.1 Crown Holdings Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.1.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.1.3 Crown Holdings Inc. Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.1.4 Recent Development
9.1.5 SWOT Analysis
9.2 Nippon Closures Co. Ltd
9.2.1 Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.2.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.2.3 Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.2.4 Recent Development
9.2.5 SWOT Analysis
9.3 Finn-Korkki Oy
9.3.1 Finn-Korkki Oy Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.3.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.3.3 Finn-Korkki Oy Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.3.4 Recent Development
9.3.5 SWOT Analysis
9.4 PELLICONI & C. SPA
9.4.1 PELLICONI & C. SPA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.4.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.4.3 PELLICONI & C. SPA Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.4.4 Recent Development
9.4.5 SWOT Analysis
9.5 Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA
9.5.1 Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.5.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.5.3 Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.5.4 Recent Development
9.5.5 SWOT Analysis
10 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Methodology
11.2 Research Data Source
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Crown Cap Market
1.2 Crown Cap Market Segment by Type
1.2.1 Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type (2017-2027)
1.3 Global Crown Cap Market Segment by Application
1.3.1 Crown Cap Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
1.4 Global Crown Cap Market, Region Wise (2017-2027)
1.4.1 Global Crown Cap Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2017-2027)
1.4.2 United States Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.3 Europe Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.4 China Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.5 Japan Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.6 India Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.8 Latin America Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Status and Prospect (2017-2027)
1.5 Global Market Size of Crown Cap (2017-2027)
1.5.1 Global Crown Cap Market Revenue Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.5.2 Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
1.6 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.7 The impact of the Russia-Ukraine war on the Crown Cap Market
2 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK
2.1 Crown Cap Industry Technology Status and Trends
2.2 Industry Entry Barriers
2.2.1 Analysis of Financial Barriers
2.2.2 Analysis of Technical Barriers
2.2.3 Analysis of Talent Barriers
2.2.4 Analysis of Brand Barrier
2.3 Crown Cap Market Drivers Analysis
2.4 Crown Cap Market Challenges Analysis
2.5 Emerging Market Trends
2.6 Consumer Preference Analysis
2.7 Crown Cap Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak
2.7.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview
2.7.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Crown Cap Industry Development
3 GLOBAL CROWN CAP MARKET LANDSCAPE BY PLAYER
3.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
3.3 Global Crown Cap Average Price by Player (2017-2022)
3.4 Global Crown Cap Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
3.5 Crown Cap Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.5.1 Crown Cap Market Concentration Rate
3.5.2 Crown Cap Market Share of Top 3 and Top 6 Players
3.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 GLOBAL CROWN CAP SALES VOLUME AND REVENUE REGION WISE (2017-2022)
4.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
4.3 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4 United States Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.4.1 United States Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.5 Europe Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.5.1 Europe Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.6 China Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.6.1 China Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.7 Japan Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.7.1 Japan Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.8 India Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.8.1 India Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.9 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.9.1 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.10 Latin America Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.10.1 Latin America Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
4.11 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
4.11.1 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Under COVID-19
5 GLOBAL CROWN CAP SALES VOLUME, REVENUE, PRICE TREND BY TYPE
5.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
5.3 Global Crown Cap Price by Type (2017-2022)
5.4 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate by Type (2017-2022)
5.4.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2017-2022)
5.4.2 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2017-2022)
6 GLOBAL CROWN CAP MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION
6.1 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.2 Global Crown Cap Consumption Revenue and Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
6.3 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate by Application (2017-2022)
6.3.1 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Packaging (2017-2022)
6.3.2 Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging (2017-2022)
7 GLOBAL CROWN CAP MARKET FORECAST (2022-2027)
7.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.1 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
7.1.3 Global Crown Cap Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast, Region Wise (2022-2027)
7.2.1 United States Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.2 Europe Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.3 China Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.4 Japan Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.5 India Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.6 Southeast Asia Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.7 Latin America Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.2.8 Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Sales Volume and Revenue Forecast (2022-2027)
7.3 Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue and Price Forecast by Type (2022-2027)
7.3.1 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2022-2027)
7.3.2 Global Crown Cap Revenue and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2022-2027)
7.4 Global Crown Cap Consumption Forecast by Application (2022-2027)
7.4.1 Global Crown Cap Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Food Packaging(2022-2027)
7.4.2 Global Crown Cap Consumption Value and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging(2022-2027)
7.5 Crown Cap Market Forecast Under COVID-19
8 CROWN CAP MARKET UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM ANALYSIS
8.1 Crown Cap Industrial Chain Analysis
8.2 Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
8.3 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
8.3.1 Labor Cost Analysis
8.3.2 Energy Costs Analysis
8.3.3 R&D Costs Analysis
8.4 Alternative Product Analysis
8.5 Major Distributors of Crown Cap Analysis
8.6 Major Downstream Buyers of Crown Cap Analysis
8.7 Impact of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine war on the Upstream and Downstream in the Crown Cap Industry
9 PLAYERS PROFILES
9.1 Crown Holdings Inc.
9.1.1 Crown Holdings Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.1.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.1.3 Crown Holdings Inc. Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.1.4 Recent Development
9.1.5 SWOT Analysis
9.2 Nippon Closures Co. Ltd
9.2.1 Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.2.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.2.3 Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.2.4 Recent Development
9.2.5 SWOT Analysis
9.3 Finn-Korkki Oy
9.3.1 Finn-Korkki Oy Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.3.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.3.3 Finn-Korkki Oy Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.3.4 Recent Development
9.3.5 SWOT Analysis
9.4 PELLICONI & C. SPA
9.4.1 PELLICONI & C. SPA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.4.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.4.3 PELLICONI & C. SPA Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.4.4 Recent Development
9.4.5 SWOT Analysis
9.5 Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA
9.5.1 Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Region and Competitors
9.5.2 Crown Cap Product Profiles, Application and Specification
9.5.3 Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Market Performance (2017-2022)
9.5.4 Recent Development
9.5.5 SWOT Analysis
10 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION
11 APPENDIX
11.1 Methodology
11.2 Research Data Source
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Figure Crown Cap Product Picture
Table Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type
Table Crown Cap Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Market Size (Revenue, Million USD) and CAGR (%) (2017-2027)
Figure United States Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure India Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Latin America Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
Table Global Macroeconomic Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview
Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Crown Cap Industry Development
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume by Player (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Share by Player (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Share by Player in 2021
Table Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) by Player (2017-2022)
Table Crown Cap Revenue Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
Table Crown Cap Price by Player (2017-2022)
Table Crown Cap Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD), Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table United States Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Latin America Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Crown Cap Price by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Revenue (Million USD) by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Packaging (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure USA Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure USA Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Table Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Price Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2022-2027)
Table Global Crown Cap Market Consumption Forecast, by Application
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Market Share Forecast, by Application
Table Global Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Application
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application
Figure Global Crown Cap Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Food Packaging (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging (2022-2027)
Figure Crown Cap Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
Table Alternative Product Analysis
Table Downstream Distributors
Table Downstream Buyers
Table Crown Holdings Inc. Profile
Table Crown Holdings Inc. Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Crown Holdings Inc. Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Crown Holdings Inc. Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Profile
Table Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Finn-Korkki Oy Profile
Table Finn-Korkki Oy Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Finn-Korkki Oy Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Finn-Korkki Oy Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table PELLICONI & C. SPA Profile
Table PELLICONI & C. SPA Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure PELLICONI & C. SPA Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure PELLICONI & C. SPA Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Profile
Table Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Figure Crown Cap Product Picture
Table Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and CAGR (%) Comparison by Type
Table Crown Cap Market Consumption (Sales Volume) Comparison by Application (2017-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Market Size (Revenue, Million USD) and CAGR (%) (2017-2027)
Figure United States Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Europe Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure China Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Japan Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure India Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Latin America Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2017-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume Status and Outlook (2017-2027)
Table Global Macroeconomic Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview
Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Crown Cap Industry Development
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume by Player (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Share by Player (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Share by Player in 2021
Table Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) by Player (2017-2022)
Table Crown Cap Revenue Market Share by Player (2017-2022)
Table Crown Cap Price by Player (2017-2022)
Table Crown Cap Gross Margin by Player (2017-2022)
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD), Region Wise (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share, Region Wise (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share, Region Wise in 2021
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table United States Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Europe Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table China Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Japan Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table India Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Southeast Asia Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Latin America Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) by Type (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share by Type in 2021
Table Crown Cap Price by Type (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Revenue (Million USD) by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Food Packaging (2017-2022)
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging (2017-2022)
Figure Global Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Price and Trend Forecast (2022-2027)
Figure USA Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure USA Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Europe Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure China Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Japan Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure India Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Southeast Asia Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Latin America Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Sales Volume and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Figure Middle East and Africa Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast Analysis (2022-2027)
Table Global Crown Cap Market Sales Volume Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Sales Volume Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Type
Table Global Crown Cap Price Forecast, by Type
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Aluminium (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Steel and Tin-plated (2022-2027)
Table Global Crown Cap Market Consumption Forecast, by Application
Table Global Crown Cap Consumption Market Share Forecast, by Application
Table Global Crown Cap Market Revenue (Million USD) Forecast, by Application
Table Global Crown Cap Revenue Market Share Forecast, by Application
Figure Global Crown Cap Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Food Packaging (2022-2027)
Figure Global Crown Cap Consumption Value (Million USD) and Growth Rate of Beverage Packaging (2022-2027)
Figure Crown Cap Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Key Raw Materials Suppliers and Price Analysis
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
Table Alternative Product Analysis
Table Downstream Distributors
Table Downstream Buyers
Table Crown Holdings Inc. Profile
Table Crown Holdings Inc. Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Crown Holdings Inc. Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Crown Holdings Inc. Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Profile
Table Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Nippon Closures Co. Ltd Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Finn-Korkki Oy Profile
Table Finn-Korkki Oy Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Finn-Korkki Oy Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Finn-Korkki Oy Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table PELLICONI & C. SPA Profile
Table PELLICONI & C. SPA Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure PELLICONI & C. SPA Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure PELLICONI & C. SPA Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
Table Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Profile
Table Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Crown Cap Sales Volume, Revenue (Million USD), Price and Gross Margin (2017-2022)
Figure Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Crown Cap Sales Volume and Growth Rate
Figure Astir Vitogiannis Bros SA Revenue (Million USD) Market Share 2017-2022
