ENT Laser Devices Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 70 pages | ID: EE1DB4704187EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

Laser medicine consists in the use of lasers in medical diagnosis, treatments, or therapies, such as laser photodynamic therapy,photorejuvenation, and laser surgery.

This report contains market size and forecasts of ENT Laser Devices in global, including the following market information:

Global ENT Laser Devices Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global ENT Laser Devices Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five ENT Laser Devices companies in 2021 (%)

The global ENT Laser Devices market was valued at 81 million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ 122.6 million by 2028, at a CAGR of 6.1% during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Gas Lasers Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of ENT Laser Devices include A.R.C. Laser GmbH, Boston Scientific Corp., El.En. Spa, Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. and XIO Group, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the ENT Laser Devices manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global ENT Laser Devices Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global ENT Laser Devices Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Gas Lasers
• Solid and Semiconductor-based Lasers

Global ENT Laser Devices Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global ENT Laser Devices Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Sinusitis
• Tonsillitis
• Throat and Mouth Cancer
• Other

Global ENT Laser Devices Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global ENT Laser Devices Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies ENT Laser Devices revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies ENT Laser Devices revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies ENT Laser Devices sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies ENT Laser Devices sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• A.R.C. Laser GmbH
• Boston Scientific Corp.
• El.En. Spa
• Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd.
• XIO Group

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 ENT Laser Devices Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global ENT Laser Devices Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL ENT LASER DEVICES OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global ENT Laser Devices Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global ENT Laser Devices Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top ENT Laser Devices Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global ENT Laser Devices Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global ENT Laser Devices Sales by Companies
3.5 Global ENT Laser Devices Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 ENT Laser Devices Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers ENT Laser Devices Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 ENT Laser Devices Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 ENT Laser Devices Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 ENT Laser Devices Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Gas Lasers
  4.1.3 Solid and Semiconductor-based Lasers
4.2 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Sinusitis
  5.1.3 Tonsillitis
  5.1.4 Throat and Mouth Cancer
  5.1.5 Other
5.2 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE ENT Laser Devices Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 A.R.C. Laser GmbH
  7.1.1 A.R.C. Laser GmbH Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 A.R.C. Laser GmbH Business Overview
  7.1.3 A.R.C. Laser GmbH ENT Laser Devices Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 A.R.C. Laser GmbH ENT Laser Devices Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 A.R.C. Laser GmbH Key News
7.2 Boston Scientific Corp.
  7.2.1 Boston Scientific Corp. Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Boston Scientific Corp. Business Overview
  7.2.3 Boston Scientific Corp. ENT Laser Devices Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Boston Scientific Corp. ENT Laser Devices Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Boston Scientific Corp. Key News
7.3 El.En. Spa
  7.3.1 El.En. Spa Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 El.En. Spa Business Overview
  7.3.3 El.En. Spa ENT Laser Devices Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 El.En. Spa ENT Laser Devices Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 El.En. Spa Key News
7.4 Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd.
  7.4.1 Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. Business Overview
  7.4.3 Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. ENT Laser Devices Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. ENT Laser Devices Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. Key News
7.5 XIO Group
  7.5.1 XIO Group Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 XIO Group Business Overview
  7.5.3 XIO Group ENT Laser Devices Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 XIO Group ENT Laser Devices Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 XIO Group Key News

8 GLOBAL ENT LASER DEVICES PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global ENT Laser Devices Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 ENT Laser Devices Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global ENT Laser Devices Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 ENT LASER DEVICES SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 ENT Laser Devices Industry Value Chain
10.2 ENT Laser Devices Upstream Market
10.3 ENT Laser Devices Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 ENT Laser Devices Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of ENT Laser Devices in Global Market
Table 2. Top ENT Laser Devices Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global ENT Laser Devices Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers ENT Laser Devices Price (2017-2022) & (USD/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers ENT Laser Devices Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 ENT Laser Devices Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 ENT Laser Devices Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. A.R.C. Laser GmbH Corporate Summary
Table 47. A.R.C. Laser GmbH ENT Laser Devices Product Offerings
Table 48. A.R.C. Laser GmbH ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Boston Scientific Corp. Corporate Summary
Table 50. Boston Scientific Corp. ENT Laser Devices Product Offerings
Table 51. Boston Scientific Corp. ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. El.En. Spa Corporate Summary
Table 53. El.En. Spa ENT Laser Devices Product Offerings
Table 54. El.En. Spa ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. Corporate Summary
Table 56. Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. ENT Laser Devices Product Offerings
Table 57. Shanghai Fosun Pharmaceutical (Group) Co. Ltd. ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. XIO Group Corporate Summary
Table 59. XIO Group ENT Laser Devices Product Offerings
Table 60. XIO Group ENT Laser Devices Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (USD/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. ENT Laser Devices Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 62. Global ENT Laser Devices Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 63. Global ENT Laser Devices Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 64. Global ENT Laser Devices Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 65. ENT Laser Devices Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 66. ENT Laser Devices Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 67. ENT Laser Devices Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 68. ENT Laser Devices Raw Materials
Table 69. ENT Laser Devices Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 70. Typical ENT Laser Devices Downstream
Table 71. ENT Laser Devices Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 72. ENT Laser Devices Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. ENT Laser Devices Segment by Type
Figure 2. ENT Laser Devices Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global ENT Laser Devices Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global ENT Laser Devices Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. ENT Laser Devices Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by ENT Laser Devices Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global ENT Laser Devices Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global ENT Laser Devices Price (USD/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa ENT Laser Devices Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE ENT Laser Devices Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global ENT Laser Devices Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production ENT Laser Devices by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. ENT Laser Devices Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels