Pandemic Outbreaks in the Past Decade: A BCC Research Overview
REPORT INCLUDES:
- An overview of the pandemic outbreaks occurred over the last decade (2010-2020)
- Discussion of several serious epidemiological outbreaks, their socioeconomic impact, R&D efforts, treatment and diagnostics, clinical trial landscape, and regulatory and reimbursement landscape
- Data corresponding to number of confirmed cases and reported deaths (globally and country wise) due to various pandemics, including novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), SARS, MERS, HIV/AIDS, H1N1, Ebola virus etc.
- Correlation of coronavirus (Covid-19) outbreak to previous epidemiological outbreaks in terms of policies and measures of prevention and control, and the lessons learned thereafter
- Insight into key scientific breakthroughs and pipeline products targeting infectious disease treatments, including the novel coronavirus disease and its antibody-based clinical program (antibody to MERS-CoV infection)
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Study Goals and Objectives
Reasons for Doing This Study
Scope of Report
Information Sources
Methodology
Analyst's Credentials
Related BCC Research Reports
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO PANDEMICS
Pathogenic Microbes and Infectious Diseases: 1973-2019
Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Infectious Diseases
Human Demographics and Behavior
Technology
The Role of Needles
Economic Development and Land Use
International Travel
Microbial Adaptation
Antibiotic Development
Classifying Viral Outbreaks, Epidemics and Pandemics
Current and Potential Epidemics with Pandemic Potential
Current and Potential Pandemics
Current Technologies for Addressing Potential Pandemic Threats
Biological Weapons for Terrorism
The Next Pandemic
Types of Zoonotic Viruses
A Brief History of Global Pandemics
Bubonic Plague (1300 to the Present)
Cholera (1916-1966)
The Spanish Influenza Pandemic (1918)
Asian Flu Pandemic (1957-1958)
HIV/AIDS Pandemic (1980 to the Present)
Influenza A-H1N1 (2009 to the Present)
Malaria (2700 BC to the Present)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (2002-2003)
Tuberculosis (4000 BC to the Present)
Treatments for Infectious Diseases
Prevention
Vaccination
Pharmaceutical Treatments
CHAPTER 3 H1N1 INFLUENZA (SWINE INFLUENZA)
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Types of Influenza Viruses
Influenza Virus A
Influenza Virus B
Influenza Virus C
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Nucleotide Sequencing
Phylogenetic Analysis
Treatment and Management
Prevention of Swine to Human Viral Transmission
Prevention of Human-to-Human Transmission
Vaccines
Antiviral Treatments
The WHO and Containment for Pandemic Influenza
International Influenza Vaccine Stockpile Orders
Pre-pandemic Vaccination
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
Antiviral Resistance
Recreated Viruses
Immaterialized Market Risk
Media Coverage and Vaccinations
Pandemic Preparedness Plans
United States
Japan
China
Brazil
United Kingdom
CHAPTER 4 EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Supportive Care
Therapeutics
Vaccines and Prevention
CHAPTER 5 MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
Etiology
Epidemiology
Geographical Distribution
Sources of Infection
Risk Factors and Transmission
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Molecular Diagnostics
Serological Assays
Treatment and Management
Antiviral Agents
Convalescent Plasma
Antibiotic Therapy
Intensive Care Management
New Treatments
Prevention
Advances in Vaccine Development
Priorities: MERS Research, Surveillance, Management, and Control
Establishing a One Health Global Consortium
Priority Studies at the Animal-Human-Environmental Interface
Priority Studies in Human Populations
Priority Studies for Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Rapid Diagnostics
CHAPTER 6 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (SARS-COV-2)
Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19 Progression
Incubation Period
Epidemiology
Case Fatality Rate (CFR)
Global Confirmed Cases and Confirmed Deaths Due to COVID-19
COVID-19 Research and Development
Diagnostics and Medtech
The Need to Reinvent Ventilators
Clinical Trials on COVID-19
CHAPTER 7 LESSONS LEARNED FROM HISTORY
Maintaining Essential Healthcare Services
Access to Prevention, Safety Measures, Testing and Treatment
Quarantine and Isolation
International Efforts to Strengthen the Global Outbreak Response System
Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
European Medical Corps
Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Program
The WHO Global Health Emergency Workforce
The WHO R&D Blueprint
World Bank Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility
CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX
Acronyms
Study Goals and Objectives
Reasons for Doing This Study
Scope of Report
Information Sources
Methodology
Analyst's Credentials
Related BCC Research Reports
CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO PANDEMICS
Pathogenic Microbes and Infectious Diseases: 1973-2019
Factors Contributing to the Emergence of Infectious Diseases
Human Demographics and Behavior
Technology
The Role of Needles
Economic Development and Land Use
International Travel
Microbial Adaptation
Antibiotic Development
Classifying Viral Outbreaks, Epidemics and Pandemics
Current and Potential Epidemics with Pandemic Potential
Current and Potential Pandemics
Current Technologies for Addressing Potential Pandemic Threats
Biological Weapons for Terrorism
The Next Pandemic
Types of Zoonotic Viruses
A Brief History of Global Pandemics
Bubonic Plague (1300 to the Present)
Cholera (1916-1966)
The Spanish Influenza Pandemic (1918)
Asian Flu Pandemic (1957-1958)
HIV/AIDS Pandemic (1980 to the Present)
Influenza A-H1N1 (2009 to the Present)
Malaria (2700 BC to the Present)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (2002-2003)
Tuberculosis (4000 BC to the Present)
Treatments for Infectious Diseases
Prevention
Vaccination
Pharmaceutical Treatments
CHAPTER 3 H1N1 INFLUENZA (SWINE INFLUENZA)
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathophysiology
Types of Influenza Viruses
Influenza Virus A
Influenza Virus B
Influenza Virus C
Diagnosis and Evaluation
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Nucleotide Sequencing
Phylogenetic Analysis
Treatment and Management
Prevention of Swine to Human Viral Transmission
Prevention of Human-to-Human Transmission
Vaccines
Antiviral Treatments
The WHO and Containment for Pandemic Influenza
International Influenza Vaccine Stockpile Orders
Pre-pandemic Vaccination
Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA)
Antiviral Resistance
Recreated Viruses
Immaterialized Market Risk
Media Coverage and Vaccinations
Pandemic Preparedness Plans
United States
Japan
China
Brazil
United Kingdom
CHAPTER 4 EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE
Etiology
Epidemiology
Clinical Manifestations
Diagnosis
Treatment/Management
Supportive Care
Therapeutics
Vaccines and Prevention
CHAPTER 5 MIDDLE EAST RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
Etiology
Epidemiology
Geographical Distribution
Sources of Infection
Risk Factors and Transmission
Pathophysiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Molecular Diagnostics
Serological Assays
Treatment and Management
Antiviral Agents
Convalescent Plasma
Antibiotic Therapy
Intensive Care Management
New Treatments
Prevention
Advances in Vaccine Development
Priorities: MERS Research, Surveillance, Management, and Control
Establishing a One Health Global Consortium
Priority Studies at the Animal-Human-Environmental Interface
Priority Studies in Human Populations
Priority Studies for Vaccines, Therapeutics, and Rapid Diagnostics
CHAPTER 6 CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (SARS-COV-2)
Symptoms of COVID-19
COVID-19 Progression
Incubation Period
Epidemiology
Case Fatality Rate (CFR)
Global Confirmed Cases and Confirmed Deaths Due to COVID-19
COVID-19 Research and Development
Diagnostics and Medtech
The Need to Reinvent Ventilators
Clinical Trials on COVID-19
CHAPTER 7 LESSONS LEARNED FROM HISTORY
Maintaining Essential Healthcare Services
Access to Prevention, Safety Measures, Testing and Treatment
Quarantine and Isolation
International Efforts to Strengthen the Global Outbreak Response System
Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations
European Medical Corps
Regional Disease Surveillance Systems Enhancement Program
The WHO Global Health Emergency Workforce
The WHO R&D Blueprint
World Bank Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility
CHAPTER 8 APPENDIX
Acronyms
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Pathogenic Bacteria, Parasites and Viruses, 1973-2019
Table 2: History of Antibiotic Discovery and Approval, 1935-2013
Table 3: CDC: Six Phases of Classification of Viral Pandemics
Table 4: Technologies for Addressing Potential Pandemic Threats
Table 5: Diseases That Have Been or Can Be Weaponized
Table 6: Commercial Products of H1N1 Influenzas Diagnostics
Table 7: Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance Testing Results on Samples Collected Since October 1, 2017
Table 8: Essential and Desirable Elements of the WHO Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan
Table 9: Japan’s Action Plan for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness
Table 10: China’s Influenza Pandemic Warning Levels
Table 11: Brazil’s Influenza Pandemic Warning Levels and Action
Table 12: Ebola Outbreaks Between 1976 and 2014
Table 13: Clinical Features of Ebola Virus Disease, by Stage
Table 14: Overview of Investigational Therapeutics Evaluated in Clinical Trials on Ebola Virus Disease During the 2013-2016 West African Outbreak
Table 15: Key Vaccines with Accelerated Clinical Development During the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak
Table 16: Molecular Diagnostic Tests for MERS-CoV Diagnosis, Single Assays
Table 17: Molecular Diagnostic Tests for MERS-CoV Diagnosis, Multiplex Assays
Table 18: Serology Tests for MERS-CoV Diagnosis
Table 19: Potential Therapies for MERS-CoV Infection
Table 20: Vaccines in the Pipeline for the Prevention of MERS-CoV Infection
Table 21: COVID-19 Symptoms by Percentage of Patients
Table 22: Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19, by Region, March 2020
Table 23: Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19, by Selected Country
Table 24: COVID-19: Confirmed Cases and Deaths, by Country, May 14, 2020
Table 25: COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Companies in Collaboration
Table 26: COVID-19 Therapeutics in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Company
Table 27: COVID-19 Vaccines in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Companies in Collaboration
Table 28: COVID-19 Vaccines in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Company
Table 29: Modifiable Breathing Devices Eligible for EUAs, by Company
Table 30: Number of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Phase
Table 31: Number of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Intervention
Table 32: Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Country
Table 33: High-Level Initiatives Established Since the Ebola Crisis
Table 34: List of Acronyms
Table 1: Pathogenic Bacteria, Parasites and Viruses, 1973-2019
Table 2: History of Antibiotic Discovery and Approval, 1935-2013
Table 3: CDC: Six Phases of Classification of Viral Pandemics
Table 4: Technologies for Addressing Potential Pandemic Threats
Table 5: Diseases That Have Been or Can Be Weaponized
Table 6: Commercial Products of H1N1 Influenzas Diagnostics
Table 7: Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance Testing Results on Samples Collected Since October 1, 2017
Table 8: Essential and Desirable Elements of the WHO Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Plan
Table 9: Japan’s Action Plan for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness
Table 10: China’s Influenza Pandemic Warning Levels
Table 11: Brazil’s Influenza Pandemic Warning Levels and Action
Table 12: Ebola Outbreaks Between 1976 and 2014
Table 13: Clinical Features of Ebola Virus Disease, by Stage
Table 14: Overview of Investigational Therapeutics Evaluated in Clinical Trials on Ebola Virus Disease During the 2013-2016 West African Outbreak
Table 15: Key Vaccines with Accelerated Clinical Development During the 2013-2016 Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak
Table 16: Molecular Diagnostic Tests for MERS-CoV Diagnosis, Single Assays
Table 17: Molecular Diagnostic Tests for MERS-CoV Diagnosis, Multiplex Assays
Table 18: Serology Tests for MERS-CoV Diagnosis
Table 19: Potential Therapies for MERS-CoV Infection
Table 20: Vaccines in the Pipeline for the Prevention of MERS-CoV Infection
Table 21: COVID-19 Symptoms by Percentage of Patients
Table 22: Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19, by Region, March 2020
Table 23: Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19, by Selected Country
Table 24: COVID-19: Confirmed Cases and Deaths, by Country, May 14, 2020
Table 25: COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Companies in Collaboration
Table 26: COVID-19 Therapeutics in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Company
Table 27: COVID-19 Vaccines in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Companies in Collaboration
Table 28: COVID-19 Vaccines in Development, by Biopharmaceutical Company
Table 29: Modifiable Breathing Devices Eligible for EUAs, by Company
Table 30: Number of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Phase
Table 31: Number of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Intervention
Table 32: Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Country
Table 33: High-Level Initiatives Established Since the Ebola Crisis
Table 34: List of Acronyms
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Number of Approved WHO Influenza Centers, by WHO Dedignated Region
Figure 2: Targeted Pre-pandemic Influenza Vaccine Stockpiles Based on Population Demand for Selected Countries
Figure 3: Geographical Distribution of Reported Human Infections of MERS-CoV
Figure 4: Infographic Comparison of CFR and Cases of the Three Major Beta Coronaviruses: MERS, SARS, and COVID-19
Figure 5: Distribution of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Phase
Figure 6: Distribution of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Intervention
Figure 7: Distribution of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Country
Figure 8: The Role of High-Level Initiatives in Enhancing the Three Main Phases of Global Outbreak Preparedness
Figure 1: Number of Approved WHO Influenza Centers, by WHO Dedignated Region
Figure 2: Targeted Pre-pandemic Influenza Vaccine Stockpiles Based on Population Demand for Selected Countries
Figure 3: Geographical Distribution of Reported Human Infections of MERS-CoV
Figure 4: Infographic Comparison of CFR and Cases of the Three Major Beta Coronaviruses: MERS, SARS, and COVID-19
Figure 5: Distribution of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Phase
Figure 6: Distribution of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Intervention
Figure 7: Distribution of Clinical Trials on COVID-19, by Country
Figure 8: The Role of High-Level Initiatives in Enhancing the Three Main Phases of Global Outbreak Preparedness
