Global Veterinary Software Market Size study, by Product (Practice Management Software, Imaging Software, Telehealth Software, Others), by Delivery Mode (Cloud/Web-Based, On-premise), by Practice Type (Small Animals, Mixed Animals, Equine, Food-producing Animals, Others), by End Use (Veterinary Hospitals/Clinics, Others) and Regional Forecasts 2022-2032
Global Veterinary Software Market is valued approximately at USD 1292.03 million in 2023 and is anticipated to grow with a healthy growth rate of more than 12.66% over the forecast period 2024-2032. Veterinary software, an advanced application-based solution, is increasingly recognized for its ability to streamline daily operations within veterinary practices. This software suite enhances efficiency through features such as patient management, appointment scheduling, billing, and meticulous medical record-keeping. Furthermore, its integrated tools for inventory management and client communication allow veterinary practices to maintain an optimal workflow while simultaneously improving patient care. The inclusion of analytics and reporting capabilities within many platforms also empowers veterinarians to make data-driven decisions, reinforcing the software's essential role in modern veterinary practices to meet the evolving needs of pets and their owners.
The Global Veterinary Software Market is primarily driven by the growing adoption of software integrators within veterinary practices, the increasing number of veterinary hospitals and clinics, and the rising prevalence of animal diseases, which subsequently increases veterinary patient volume. The ongoing digital transformation within the veterinary industry underscores the shift from traditional paper documentation to software-based solutions, fostering greater efficiency and improved patient care. As veterinary practices aim to streamline their operations, the transition to software solutions is becoming an industry norm, driven by the desire to enhance workflow management and patient outcomes. However, high costs associated with veterinary software is going to impede the overall demand for the market during forecast period 2022-2032.
The key regions considered for the market study includes Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Rest of the World. In 2023, North America held the largest revenue share of 35.85% in the global veterinary software market attributed to the presence of well-established competitors, coupled with the increasing need for software maintenance to support the daily operations of veterinary clinics. The United States, in particular, stands out as the largest market within the region, driven by the concentration of leading animal healthcare companies. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is poised to experience the fastest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by the rising number of pets, growing demand for livestock products, and the increasing incidence of zoonotic diseases. Veterinary practices in emerging markets such as China and India are progressively adopting veterinary software to save time and focus more on patient care, further propelling market expansion in the region.
Major market players included in this report are:
Idexx Laboratories
Covetrus Inc
Hippo Manager
Shepherd Veterinary Software
DaySmart Software
Carestream Health
Heska Corporation
Oehm und Rehbein GmbH
Instinct Science, LLC
Planmeca OY
The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:
By Product
North America
The Global Veterinary Software Market is primarily driven by the growing adoption of software integrators within veterinary practices, the increasing number of veterinary hospitals and clinics, and the rising prevalence of animal diseases, which subsequently increases veterinary patient volume. The ongoing digital transformation within the veterinary industry underscores the shift from traditional paper documentation to software-based solutions, fostering greater efficiency and improved patient care. As veterinary practices aim to streamline their operations, the transition to software solutions is becoming an industry norm, driven by the desire to enhance workflow management and patient outcomes. However, high costs associated with veterinary software is going to impede the overall demand for the market during forecast period 2022-2032.
The key regions considered for the market study includes Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and Rest of the World. In 2023, North America held the largest revenue share of 35.85% in the global veterinary software market attributed to the presence of well-established competitors, coupled with the increasing need for software maintenance to support the daily operations of veterinary clinics. The United States, in particular, stands out as the largest market within the region, driven by the concentration of leading animal healthcare companies. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is poised to experience the fastest growth rate during the forecast period, fueled by the rising number of pets, growing demand for livestock products, and the increasing incidence of zoonotic diseases. Veterinary practices in emerging markets such as China and India are progressively adopting veterinary software to save time and focus more on patient care, further propelling market expansion in the region.
Major market players included in this report are:
Idexx Laboratories
Covetrus Inc
Hippo Manager
Shepherd Veterinary Software
DaySmart Software
Carestream Health
Heska Corporation
Oehm und Rehbein GmbH
Instinct Science, LLC
Planmeca OY
The detailed segments and sub-segment of the market are explained below:
By Product
- Practice Management Software
- Imaging Software
- Telehealth Software
- Others
- Cloud/Web-Based
- On-premise
- Small Animals
- Mixed Animals
- Equine
- Food-producing Animals
- Others
- Veterinary Hospitals/Clinics
- Others
North America
- U.S.
- Canada
- UK
- Germany
- France
- Spain
- Italy
- ROE
- China
- India
- Japan
- Australia
- South Korea
- RoAPAC
- Brazil
- Mexico
- RoLA
- Saudi Arabia
- South Africa
- RoMEA
- Historical year – 2022
- Base year – 2023
- Forecast period – 2024 to 2032
- Market Estimates & Forecast for 10 years from 2022 to 2032.
- Annualized revenues and regional-level analysis for each market segment.
- Detailed analysis of geographical landscape with Country-level analysis of major regions.
- Competitive landscape with information on major players in the market.
- Analysis of key business strategies and recommendations on future market approach.
- Analysis of competitive structure of the market.
- Demand-side and supply-side analysis of the market
CHAPTER 1. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1. Global Veterinary Software Market Size & Forecast (2022-2032)
1.2. Regional Summary
1.3. Segmental Summary
1.3.1. By Product
1.3.2. By Delivery Mode
1.3.3. By Practice Type
1.3.4. By End Use
1.4. Key Trends
1.5. Recession Impact
1.6. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 2. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET DEFINITION AND RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
2.1. Research Objective
2.2. Market Definition
2.3. Research Assumptions
2.3.1. Inclusion & Exclusion
2.3.2. Limitations
2.3.3. Supply Side Analysis
2.3.3.1. Availability
2.3.3.2. Infrastructure
2.3.3.3. Regulatory Environment
2.3.3.4. Market Competition
2.3.3.5. Economic Viability (Consumer’s Perspective)
2.3.4. Demand Side Analysis
2.3.4.1. Regulatory frameworks
2.3.4.2. Technological Advancements
2.3.4.3. Environmental Considerations
2.3.4.4. Consumer Awareness & Acceptance
2.4. Estimation Methodology
2.5. Years Considered for the Study
2.6. Currency Conversion Rates
CHAPTER 3. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Growing adoption of veterinary software integrators
3.1.2. Increase in veterinary hospitals/clinics
3.1.3. Rising prevalence of animal diseases
3.2. Market Challenges
3.2.1. High costs associated with veterinary software
3.2.2. Technical challenges in implementation
3.3. Market Opportunities
3.3.1. Rising adoption of telehealth software
3.3.2. Expansion in emerging markets
CHAPTER 4. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
4.1. Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
4.1.6. Futuristic Approach to Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.7. Porter’s 5 Force Impact Analysis
4.2. PESTEL Analysis
4.2.1. Political
4.2.2. Economical
4.2.3. Social
4.2.4. Technological
4.2.5. Environmental
4.2.6. Legal
4.3. Top investment opportunity
4.4. Top winning strategies
4.5. Disruptive Trends
4.6. Industry Expert Perspective
4.7. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 5. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY PRODUCT 2022-2032
5.1. Segment Dashboard
5.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: Product Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
5.2.1. Practice Management Software
5.2.2. Imaging Software
5.2.3. Telehealth Software
5.2.4. Others
CHAPTER 6. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY DELIVERY MODE 2022-2032
6.1. Segment Dashboard
6.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: Delivery Mode Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
6.2.1. Cloud/Web-Based
6.2.2. On-premise
CHAPTER 7. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY PRACTICE TYPE 2022-2032
7.1. Segment Dashboard
7.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: Practice Type Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
7.2.1. Small Animals
7.2.2. Mixed Animals
7.2.3. Equine
7.2.4. Food-producing Animals
7.2.5. Others
CHAPTER 8. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY END USE 2022-2032
8.1. Segment Dashboard
8.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: End Use Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
8.2.1. Veterinary Hospitals/Clinics
8.2.2. Others
CHAPTER 9. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY REGION 2022-2032
9.1. North America Veterinary Software Market
9.1.1. U.S. Veterinary Software Market
9.1.1.1. Product breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.1.2. Delivery Mode breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.1.3. Practice Type breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.1.4. End Use breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.2. Canada Veterinary Software Market
9.2. Europe Veterinary Software Market
9.2.1. U.K. Veterinary Software Market
9.2.2. Germany Veterinary Software Market
9.2.3. France Veterinary Software Market
9.2.4. Spain Veterinary Software Market
9.2.5. Italy Veterinary Software Market
9.2.6. Rest of Europe Veterinary Software Market
9.3. Asia-Pacific Veterinary Software Market
9.3.1. China Veterinary Software Market
9.3.2. India Veterinary Software Market
9.3.3. Japan Veterinary Software Market
9.3.4. Australia Veterinary Software Market
9.3.5. South Korea Veterinary Software Market
9.3.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Veterinary Software Market
9.4. Latin America Veterinary Software Market
9.4.1. Brazil Veterinary Software Market
9.4.2. Mexico Veterinary Software Market
9.4.3. Rest of Latin America Veterinary Software Market
9.5. Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market
9.5.1. Saudi Arabia Veterinary Software Market
9.5.2. South Africa Veterinary Software Market
9.5.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market
CHAPTER 10. COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE
10.1. Key Company SWOT Analysis
10.1.1. Company
10.1.2. Company
10.1.3. Company
10.2. Top Market Strategies
10.3. Company Profiles
10.3.1. Idexx Laboratories
10.3.1.1. Key Information
10.3.1.2. Overview
10.3.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
10.3.1.4. Product Summary
10.3.1.5. Market Strategies
10.3.2. Covetrus Inc
10.3.3. Hippo Manager
10.3.4. Shepherd Veterinary Software
10.3.5. DaySmart Software
10.3.6. Carestream Health
10.3.7. Heska Corporation
10.3.8. Oehm und Rehbein GmbH
10.3.9. Instinct Science, LLC
10.3.10. Planmeca OY
CHAPTER 11. RESEARCH PROCESS
11.1. Research Process
11.1.1. Data Mining
11.1.2. Analysis
11.1.3. Market Estimation
11.1.4. Validation
11.1.5. Publishing
11.2. Research Attributes
1.1. Global Veterinary Software Market Size & Forecast (2022-2032)
1.2. Regional Summary
1.3. Segmental Summary
1.3.1. By Product
1.3.2. By Delivery Mode
1.3.3. By Practice Type
1.3.4. By End Use
1.4. Key Trends
1.5. Recession Impact
1.6. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 2. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET DEFINITION AND RESEARCH ASSUMPTIONS
2.1. Research Objective
2.2. Market Definition
2.3. Research Assumptions
2.3.1. Inclusion & Exclusion
2.3.2. Limitations
2.3.3. Supply Side Analysis
2.3.3.1. Availability
2.3.3.2. Infrastructure
2.3.3.3. Regulatory Environment
2.3.3.4. Market Competition
2.3.3.5. Economic Viability (Consumer’s Perspective)
2.3.4. Demand Side Analysis
2.3.4.1. Regulatory frameworks
2.3.4.2. Technological Advancements
2.3.4.3. Environmental Considerations
2.3.4.4. Consumer Awareness & Acceptance
2.4. Estimation Methodology
2.5. Years Considered for the Study
2.6. Currency Conversion Rates
CHAPTER 3. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET DYNAMICS
3.1. Market Drivers
3.1.1. Growing adoption of veterinary software integrators
3.1.2. Increase in veterinary hospitals/clinics
3.1.3. Rising prevalence of animal diseases
3.2. Market Challenges
3.2.1. High costs associated with veterinary software
3.2.2. Technical challenges in implementation
3.3. Market Opportunities
3.3.1. Rising adoption of telehealth software
3.3.2. Expansion in emerging markets
CHAPTER 4. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET INDUSTRY ANALYSIS
4.1. Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.1. Bargaining Power of Suppliers
4.1.2. Bargaining Power of Buyers
4.1.3. Threat of New Entrants
4.1.4. Threat of Substitutes
4.1.5. Competitive Rivalry
4.1.6. Futuristic Approach to Porter’s 5 Force Model
4.1.7. Porter’s 5 Force Impact Analysis
4.2. PESTEL Analysis
4.2.1. Political
4.2.2. Economical
4.2.3. Social
4.2.4. Technological
4.2.5. Environmental
4.2.6. Legal
4.3. Top investment opportunity
4.4. Top winning strategies
4.5. Disruptive Trends
4.6. Industry Expert Perspective
4.7. Analyst Recommendation & Conclusion
CHAPTER 5. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY PRODUCT 2022-2032
5.1. Segment Dashboard
5.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: Product Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
5.2.1. Practice Management Software
5.2.2. Imaging Software
5.2.3. Telehealth Software
5.2.4. Others
CHAPTER 6. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY DELIVERY MODE 2022-2032
6.1. Segment Dashboard
6.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: Delivery Mode Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
6.2.1. Cloud/Web-Based
6.2.2. On-premise
CHAPTER 7. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY PRACTICE TYPE 2022-2032
7.1. Segment Dashboard
7.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: Practice Type Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
7.2.1. Small Animals
7.2.2. Mixed Animals
7.2.3. Equine
7.2.4. Food-producing Animals
7.2.5. Others
CHAPTER 8. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY END USE 2022-2032
8.1. Segment Dashboard
8.2. Global Veterinary Software Market: End Use Revenue Trend Analysis, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
8.2.1. Veterinary Hospitals/Clinics
8.2.2. Others
CHAPTER 9. GLOBAL VETERINARY SOFTWARE MARKET SIZE & FORECASTS BY REGION 2022-2032
9.1. North America Veterinary Software Market
9.1.1. U.S. Veterinary Software Market
9.1.1.1. Product breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.1.2. Delivery Mode breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.1.3. Practice Type breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.1.4. End Use breakdown size & forecasts, 2022-2032
9.1.2. Canada Veterinary Software Market
9.2. Europe Veterinary Software Market
9.2.1. U.K. Veterinary Software Market
9.2.2. Germany Veterinary Software Market
9.2.3. France Veterinary Software Market
9.2.4. Spain Veterinary Software Market
9.2.5. Italy Veterinary Software Market
9.2.6. Rest of Europe Veterinary Software Market
9.3. Asia-Pacific Veterinary Software Market
9.3.1. China Veterinary Software Market
9.3.2. India Veterinary Software Market
9.3.3. Japan Veterinary Software Market
9.3.4. Australia Veterinary Software Market
9.3.5. South Korea Veterinary Software Market
9.3.6. Rest of Asia Pacific Veterinary Software Market
9.4. Latin America Veterinary Software Market
9.4.1. Brazil Veterinary Software Market
9.4.2. Mexico Veterinary Software Market
9.4.3. Rest of Latin America Veterinary Software Market
9.5. Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market
9.5.1. Saudi Arabia Veterinary Software Market
9.5.2. South Africa Veterinary Software Market
9.5.3. Rest of Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market
CHAPTER 10. COMPETITIVE INTELLIGENCE
10.1. Key Company SWOT Analysis
10.1.1. Company
10.1.2. Company
10.1.3. Company
10.2. Top Market Strategies
10.3. Company Profiles
10.3.1. Idexx Laboratories
10.3.1.1. Key Information
10.3.1.2. Overview
10.3.1.3. Financial (Subject to Data Availability)
10.3.1.4. Product Summary
10.3.1.5. Market Strategies
10.3.2. Covetrus Inc
10.3.3. Hippo Manager
10.3.4. Shepherd Veterinary Software
10.3.5. DaySmart Software
10.3.6. Carestream Health
10.3.7. Heska Corporation
10.3.8. Oehm und Rehbein GmbH
10.3.9. Instinct Science, LLC
10.3.10. Planmeca OY
CHAPTER 11. RESEARCH PROCESS
11.1. Research Process
11.1.1. Data Mining
11.1.2. Analysis
11.1.3. Market Estimation
11.1.4. Validation
11.1.5. Publishing
11.2. Research Attributes
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1. Global Veterinary Software Market, Report Scope
TABLE 2. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Region 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 3. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Product 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 4. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Delivery Mode 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 5. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Practice Type 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 6. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by End Use 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 7. U.S. Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 8. Europe Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 9. Asia-Pacific Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 10. Latin America Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 11. Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
This list is not complete, final report does contain more than 100 tables. The list may be updated in the final deliverable
TABLE 1. Global Veterinary Software Market, Report Scope
TABLE 2. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Region 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 3. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Product 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 4. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Delivery Mode 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 5. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by Practice Type 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 6. Global Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts by End Use 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 7. U.S. Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 8. Europe Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 9. Asia-Pacific Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 10. Latin America Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
TABLE 11. Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market Estimates & Forecasts, 2022-2032 (USD Million)
This list is not complete, final report does contain more than 100 tables. The list may be updated in the final deliverable
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG 1. Global Veterinary Software Market, Research Methodology
FIG 2. Global Veterinary Software Market, Market Estimation Techniques
FIG 3. Global Market Size Estimates & Forecast Methods.
FIG 4. Global Veterinary Software Market, Key Trends 2023
FIG 5. Global Veterinary Software Market, Growth Prospects 2022-2032
FIG 6. Global Veterinary Software Market, Porter’s 5 Force Model
FIG 7. Global Veterinary Software Market, PESTEL Analysis
FIG 8. Global Veterinary Software Market, Value Chain Analysis
FIG 9. Global Veterinary Software Market by Product, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 10. Global Veterinary Software Market by Delivery Mode, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 11. Global Veterinary Software Market by Practice Type, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 12. Global Veterinary Software Market by End Use, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 13. Global Veterinary Software Market, Regional Snapshot 2022 & 2032
FIG 14. North America Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 15. Europe Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 16. Asia Pacific Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 17. Latin America Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 18. Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 19. Global Veterinary Software Market, Company Market Share Analysis (2023)
This list is not complete, final report does contain more than 50 figures. The list may be updated in the final deliverable
FIG 1. Global Veterinary Software Market, Research Methodology
FIG 2. Global Veterinary Software Market, Market Estimation Techniques
FIG 3. Global Market Size Estimates & Forecast Methods.
FIG 4. Global Veterinary Software Market, Key Trends 2023
FIG 5. Global Veterinary Software Market, Growth Prospects 2022-2032
FIG 6. Global Veterinary Software Market, Porter’s 5 Force Model
FIG 7. Global Veterinary Software Market, PESTEL Analysis
FIG 8. Global Veterinary Software Market, Value Chain Analysis
FIG 9. Global Veterinary Software Market by Product, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 10. Global Veterinary Software Market by Delivery Mode, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 11. Global Veterinary Software Market by Practice Type, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 12. Global Veterinary Software Market by End Use, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 13. Global Veterinary Software Market, Regional Snapshot 2022 & 2032
FIG 14. North America Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 15. Europe Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 16. Asia Pacific Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 17. Latin America Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 18. Middle East & Africa Veterinary Software Market, 2022 & 2032 (USD Million)
FIG 19. Global Veterinary Software Market, Company Market Share Analysis (2023)
This list is not complete, final report does contain more than 50 figures. The list may be updated in the final deliverable
