Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Research Report 2016

December 2016 | 110 pages | ID: GAD9E616318EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)

Revenue, means the sales value of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)

This report studies Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with Production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Boston Scientific Corporation
• Cardiovascular Systems
• Medtronic
• Spectranetics
• Abbott Laboratories
• B. Braun Melsungen AG
• C.R. Bard
• Cordis Corporation (A Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.)
• St. Jude Medical, Inc
• Volcano Corporatio
• Spectranetics International BV
• Terumo Corporation

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Type I
• Type II
• Type III

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) in each application, can be divided into

• Application 1
• Application 2
• Application 3

Contents

Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Research Report 2016

1 VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)
1.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Type I
  1.2.3 Type II
  1.2.4 Type III
1.3 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Application
  1.3.3 Application
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2011-2016)

3.1 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.2 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.3 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.4 North America Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.5 Europe Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.6 China Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.7 Japan Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.8 Southeast Asia Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.9 India Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

4 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2011-2016)

4.1 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption by Regions (2011-2016)
4.2 North America Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.3 Europe Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.4 China Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.5 Japan Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.6 Southeast Asia Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.7 India Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)

5 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.2 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.3 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Price by Type (2011-2016)
5.4 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)

6 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
6.2 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 Boston Scientific Corporation
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Type I
    7.1.2.2 Type II
  7.1.3 Boston Scientific Corporation Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Cardiovascular Systems
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Type I
    7.2.2.2 Type II
  7.2.3 Cardiovascular Systems Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Medtronic
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Type I
    7.3.2.2 Type II
  7.3.3 Medtronic Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Spectranetics
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Type I
    7.4.2.2 Type II
  7.4.3 Spectranetics Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Abbott Laboratories
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Type I
    7.5.2.2 Type II
  7.5.3 Abbott Laboratories Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 B. Braun Melsungen AG
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Type I
    7.6.2.2 Type II
  7.6.3 B. Braun Melsungen AG Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 C.R. Bard
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Type I
    7.7.2.2 Type II
  7.7.3 C.R. Bard Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Cordis Corporation (A Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.)
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Type I
    7.8.2.2 Type II
  7.8.3 Cordis Corporation (A Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.) Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 St. Jude Medical, Inc
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Type I
    7.9.2.2 Type II
  7.9.3 St. Jude Medical, Inc Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Volcano Corporatio
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Type I
    7.10.2.2 Type II
  7.10.3 Volcano Corporatio Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.11 Spectranetics International BV
7.12 Terumo Corporation

8 VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES (VCDS) MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

12.1 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
12.2 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
12.3 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
12.4 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
12.5 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Price Forecast (2016-2021)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer


The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)
Figure Global Production Market Share of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of Type I
Table Major Manufacturers of Type I
Figure Product Picture of Type II
Table Major Manufacturers of Type II
Figure Product Picture of Type III
Table Major Manufacturers of Type III
Table Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Application 1 Examples
Figure Application 2 Examples
Figure Application 3 Examples
Figure North America Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Product Type
Figure Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table North America Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Europe Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table China Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Japan Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table India Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Europe Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table China Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Japan Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table India Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Market Share of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) by Type
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) by Type
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Price by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Table Boston Scientific Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Boston Scientific Corporation Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Boston Scientific Corporation Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Cardiovascular Systems Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Cardiovascular Systems Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Cardiovascular Systems Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Medtronic Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Medtronic Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Medtronic Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Spectranetics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Spectranetics Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Spectranetics Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Abbott Laboratories Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Abbott Laboratories Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Abbott Laboratories Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table B. Braun Melsungen AG Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table B. Braun Melsungen AG Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure B. Braun Melsungen AG Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table C.R. Bard Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table C.R. Bard Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure C.R. Bard Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Cordis Corporation (A Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.) Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Cordis Corporation (A Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.) Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Cordis Corporation (A Subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson Co.) Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table St. Jude Medical, Inc Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table St. Jude Medical, Inc Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure St. Jude Medical, Inc Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Volcano Corporatio Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Volcano Corporatio Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Volcano Corporatio Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)
Figure Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS)
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Vascular Closure Devices (VCDS) Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)