Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Research Report 2016

November 2016 | 109 pages | ID: G357D691E28EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Production, means the output of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring

Revenue, means the sales value of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring

This report studies Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring in Global market, especially in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia and India, focuses on top manufacturers in global market, with Production, price, revenue and market share for each manufacturer, covering

• Landauer, Inc.
• Mirion Technologies, Inc.
• Thermo Fisher Scientific
• Ludlum Instruments, Inc.
• Radiation Detection Company
• Biodex Medical Systems, Inc.
• Arrow-Tech, Inc.
• Unfors Raysafe
• Amray Medical
• Infab Corporation

Market Segment by Regions, this report splits Global into several key Regions, with production, consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring in these regions, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• North America
• Europe
• China
• Japan
• Southeast Asia
• India

Split by product type, with production, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Gas-Filled Detectors
• Scintillators
• Solid-State Detectors

Split by application, this report focuses on consumption, market share and growth rate of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring in each application, can be divided into

• Hospitals
• Non-Hospitals
• Application 3

Contents

Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Research Report 2016

1 MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING MARKET OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring
1.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Segment by Type
  1.2.1 Global Production Market Share of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring by Type in 2015
  1.2.2 Gas-Filled Detectors
  1.2.3 Scintillators
  1.2.4 Solid-State Detectors
1.3 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Segment by Application
  1.3.1 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
  1.3.2 Hospitals
  1.3.3 Non-Hospitals
  1.3.4 Application
1.4 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market by Region
  1.4.1 North America Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.2 Europe Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.3 China Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.4 Japan Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.5 Southeast Asia Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
  1.4.6 India Status and Prospect (2011-2021)
1.5 Global Market Size (Value) of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring (2011-2021)

2 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING MARKET COMPETITION BY MANUFACTURERS

2.1 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.3 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Average Price by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.4 Manufacturers Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Manufacturing Base Distribution, Sales Area and Product Type
2.5 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Competitive Situation and Trends
  2.5.1 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Concentration Rate
  2.5.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share of Top 3 and Top 5 Manufacturers
  2.5.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion

3 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE) BY REGION (2011-2016)

3.1 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.2 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Value) and Market Share by Region (2011-2016)
3.3 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.4 North America Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.5 Europe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.6 China Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.7 Japan Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.8 Southeast Asia Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
3.9 India Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)

4 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING SUPPLY (PRODUCTION), CONSUMPTION, EXPORT, IMPORT BY REGIONS (2011-2016)

4.1 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption by Regions (2011-2016)
4.2 North America Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.3 Europe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.4 China Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.5 Japan Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.6 Southeast Asia Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)
4.7 India Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Export, Import by Regions (2011-2016)

5 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING PRODUCTION, REVENUE (VALUE), PRICE TREND BY TYPE

5.1 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.2 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue and Market Share by Type (2011-2016)
5.3 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Price by Type (2011-2016)
5.4 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)

6 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING MARKET ANALYSIS BY APPLICATION

6.1 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption and Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
6.2 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
6.3 Market Drivers and Opportunities
  6.3.1 Potential Applications
  6.3.2 Emerging Markets/Countries

7 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING MANUFACTURERS PROFILES/ANALYSIS

7.1 Landauer, Inc.
  7.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.1.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.1.2.1 Type I
    7.1.2.2 Type II
  7.1.3 Landauer, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.2 Mirion Technologies, Inc.
  7.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.2.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.2.2.1 Type I
    7.2.2.2 Type II
  7.2.3 Mirion Technologies, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific
  7.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.3.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.3.2.1 Type I
    7.3.2.2 Type II
  7.3.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.4 Ludlum Instruments, Inc.
  7.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.4.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.4.2.1 Type I
    7.4.2.2 Type II
  7.4.3 Ludlum Instruments, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.5 Radiation Detection Company
  7.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.5.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.5.2.1 Type I
    7.5.2.2 Type II
  7.5.3 Radiation Detection Company Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.6 Biodex Medical Systems, Inc.
  7.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.6.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.6.2.1 Type I
    7.6.2.2 Type II
  7.6.3 Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.7 Arrow-Tech, Inc.
  7.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.7.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.7.2.1 Type I
    7.7.2.2 Type II
  7.7.3 Arrow-Tech, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.8 Unfors Raysafe
  7.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.8.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.8.2.1 Type I
    7.8.2.2 Type II
  7.8.3 Unfors Raysafe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.9 Amray Medical
  7.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.9.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.9.2.1 Type I
    7.9.2.2 Type II
  7.9.3 Amray Medical Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview
7.10 Infab Corporation
  7.10.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Its Competitors
  7.10.2 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type, Application and Specification
    7.10.2.1 Type I
    7.10.2.2 Type II
  7.10.3 Infab Corporation Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015 and 2016)
  7.10.4 Main Business/Business Overview

8 MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

8.1 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Key Raw Materials Analysis
  8.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  8.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  8.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  8.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
8.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  8.2.1 Raw Materials
  8.2.2 Labor Cost
  8.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
8.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring

9 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

9.1 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Industrial Chain Analysis
9.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
9.3 Raw Materials Sources of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Major Manufacturers in 2015
9.4 Downstream Buyers

10 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

10.1 Marketing Channel
  10.1.1 Direct Marketing
  10.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  10.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
10.2 Market Positioning
  10.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  10.2.2 Brand Strategy
  10.2.3 Target Client
10.3 Distributors/Traders List

11 MARKET EFFECT FACTORS ANALYSIS

11.1 Technology Progress/Risk
  11.1.1 Substitutes Threat
  11.1.2 Technology Progress in Related Industry
11.2 Consumer Needs/Customer Preference Change
11.3 Economic/Political Environmental Change

12 GLOBAL MEDICAL RADIATION DETECTION & MONITORING MARKET FORECAST (2016-2021)

12.1 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue Forecast (2016-2021)
12.2 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
12.3 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
12.4 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)
12.5 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Price Forecast (2016-2021)

13 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

14 APPENDIX

Disclosure Section
Research Methodology
Data Source
China Disclaimer

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring
Figure Global Production Market Share of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring by Type in 2015
Figure Product Picture of Gas-Filled Detectors
Table Major Manufacturers of Gas-Filled Detectors
Figure Product Picture of Scintillators
Table Major Manufacturers of Scintillators
Figure Product Picture of Solid-State Detectors
Table Major Manufacturers of Solid-State Detectors
Table Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Figure Hospitals Examples
Figure Non-Hospitals Examples
Figure Application 3 Examples
Figure North America Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Europe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure China Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Japan Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Southeast Asia Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure India Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million UDS) and Growth Rate (2011-2021)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue (Million USD) by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Global Market Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Average Price of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure Global Market Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Average Price of Key Manufacturers in 2015
Table Manufacturers Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Manufacturing Base Distribution and Sales Area
Table Manufacturers Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Product Type
Figure Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share of Top 3 Manufacturers
Figure Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share of Top 5 Manufacturers
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production and Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Market Share by Regions
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Table 2015 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue Market Share by Regions
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table North America Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Europe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table China Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Japan Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table India Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market by Regions (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Regions (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Regions
Table North America Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Europe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table China Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Japan Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Southeast Asia Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table India Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Consumption, Import & Export (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Market Share of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Production Market Share of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring by Type
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue Share by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Production Revenue Share of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring by Type (2011-2016)
Figure 2015 Revenue Market Share of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring by Type
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Price by Type (2011-2016)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Growth by Type (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption by Application (2011-2016)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Market Share by Application in 2015
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Growth Rate by Application (2011-2016)
Table Landauer, Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Landauer, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Landauer, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Mirion Technologies, Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Mirion Technologies, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Mirion Technologies, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Thermo Fisher Scientific Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Thermo Fisher Scientific Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Ludlum Instruments, Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Ludlum Instruments, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Ludlum Instruments, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Radiation Detection Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Radiation Detection Company Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Radiation Detection Company Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Biodex Medical Systems, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Arrow-Tech, Inc. Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Arrow-Tech, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Arrow-Tech, Inc. Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Unfors Raysafe Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Unfors Raysafe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Unfors Raysafe Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Amray Medical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Amray Medical Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Amray Medical Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Infab Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base, Sales Area and Its Competitors
Table Infab Corporation Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2011-2016)
Figure Infab Corporation Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Market Share (2011-2016)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring
Figure Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Figure Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2016-2021)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Forecast by Regions (2016-2021)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Production Forecast by Type (2016-2021)
Table Global Medical Radiation Detection & Monitoring Consumption Forecast by Application (2016-2021)