Europe Immunomodulators Market Report 2017

March 2017 | 126 pages | ID: E80DF210AA1EN
QYResearch

Abstracts

Notes:

Sales, means the sales volume of Immunomodulators

Revenue, means the sales value of Immunomodulators

This report studies sales (consumption) of Immunomodulators in Europe market, especially in Germany, France, UK, Russia, Italy, Spain and Benelux, focuses on top players in these countries, with sales, price, revenue and market share for each player in these Countries, covering

• Hoffman La Roche
• Amgen
• Abbott
• Johnson＆Johnson
• Novartis
• Biogen Idec
• Merck
• Bristol-Myers Squibb
• Eli Lilly?

Market Segment by Countries, this report splits Europe into several key Countries, with sales (consumption), revenue, market share and growth rate of Immunomodulators in these countries, from 2011 to 2021 (forecast), like

• Germany
• France
• UK
• Russia
• Italy
• Spain
• Benelux

Split by product type, with sales, revenue, price, market share and growth rate of each type, can be divided into

• Immunosuppressant
• Immunostimulants
• Others

Split by application, this report focuses on sales, market share and growth rate of Immunomodulators in each application, can be divided into

• Oncology
• Respiratory
• HIV
• Others

Contents

Europe Immunomodulators Market Report 2017

1 IMMUNOMODULATORS OVERVIEW

1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Immunomodulators
1.2 Classification of Immunomodulators
  1.2.1 Immunosuppressant
  1.2.2 Immunostimulants
  1.2.3 Others
1.3 Application of Immunomodulators
  1.3.1 Oncology
  1.3.2 Respiratory
  1.3.3 HIV
  1.3.4 Others
1.4 Immunomodulators Market by Countries
  1.4.1 Germany Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.2 France Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.3 UK Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.4 Russia Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.5 Italy Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.6 Spain Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
  1.4.7 Benelux Status and Prospect (2012-2022)
1.5 Europe Market Size (Value and Volume) of Immunomodulators (2012-2022)
  1.5.1 Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
  1.5.2 Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)

2 EUROPE IMMUNOMODULATORS BY MANUFACTURERS, TYPE AND APPLICATION

2.1 Europe Immunomodulators Market Competition by Manufacturers
  2.1.1 Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
  2.1.2 Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
2.2 Europe Immunomodulators (Volume and Value) by Type
  2.2.1 Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
  2.2.2 Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
2.3 Europe Immunomodulators (Volume and Value) by Countries
  2.3.1 Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
  2.3.2 Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
2.4 Europe Immunomodulators (Volume) by Application

3 GERMANY IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

3.1 Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  3.1.1 Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  3.1.2 Germany Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  3.1.3 Germany Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
3.2 Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
3.3 Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
3.4 Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

4 FRANCE IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

4.1 France Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  4.1.1 France Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  4.1.2 France Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  4.1.4 France Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
4.2 France Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
4.3 France Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
4.4 France Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

5 UK IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

5.1 UK Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  5.1.1 UK Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  5.1.2 UK Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  5.1.5 UK Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
5.2 UK Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
5.3 UK Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
5.4 UK Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

6 RUSSIA IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

6.1 Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  6.1.1 Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.2 Russia Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  6.1.6 Russia Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
6.2 Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
6.3 Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
6.4 Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

7 ITALY IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

7.1 Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  7.1.1 Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.2 Italy Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  7.1.7 Italy Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
7.2 Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
7.3 Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
7.4 Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

8 SPAIN IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

8.1 Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  8.1.1 Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.2 Spain Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  8.1.8 Spain Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
8.2 Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
8.3 Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
8.4 Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

9 BENELUX IMMUNOMODULATORS (VOLUME, VALUE AND SALES PRICE)

9.1 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Value (2012-2017)
  9.1.1 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.2 Benelux Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
  9.1.9 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
9.2 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Manufacturers
9.3 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type
9.4 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application

10 EUROPE IMMUNOMODULATORS MANUFACTURERS ANALYSIS

10.1 Hoffman La Roche
  10.1.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.1.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.1.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.1.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.1.3 Hoffman La Roche Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.1.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.2 Amgen
  10.2.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.2.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.2.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.2.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.2.3 Amgen Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.2.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.3 Abbott
  10.3.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.3.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.3.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.3.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.3.3 Abbott Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.3.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.4 Johnson＆Johnson
  10.4.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.4.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.4.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.4.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.4.3 Johnson＆Johnson Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.4.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.5 Novartis
  10.5.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.5.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.5.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.5.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.5.3 Novartis Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.5.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.6 Biogen Idec
  10.6.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.6.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.6.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.6.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.6.3 Biogen Idec Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.6.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.7 Merck
  10.7.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.7.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.7.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.7.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.7.3 Merck Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.7.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.8 Bristol-Myers Squibb
  10.8.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.8.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.8.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.8.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.8.3 Bristol-Myers Squibb Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.8.4 Main Business/Business Overview
10.9 Eli Lilly?
  10.9.1 Company Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
  10.9.2 Immunomodulators Product Type, Application and Specification
    10.9.2.1 Immunosuppressant
    10.9.2.2 Immunostimulants
  10.9.3 Eli Lilly? Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
  10.9.4 Main Business/Business Overview

11 IMMUNOMODULATORS MANUFACTURING COST ANALYSIS

11.1 Immunomodulators Key Raw Materials Analysis
  11.1.1 Key Raw Materials
  11.1.2 Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
  11.1.3 Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
  11.1.4 Market Concentration Rate of Raw Materials
11.2 Proportion of Manufacturing Cost Structure
  11.2.1 Raw Materials
  11.2.2 Labor Cost
  11.2.3 Manufacturing Expenses
11.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Immunomodulators

12 INDUSTRIAL CHAIN, SOURCING STRATEGY AND DOWNSTREAM BUYERS

12.1 Immunomodulators Industrial Chain Analysis
12.2 Upstream Raw Materials Sourcing
12.3 Raw Materials Sources of Immunomodulators Major Manufacturers in 2015
12.4 Downstream Buyers

13 MARKETING STRATEGY ANALYSIS, DISTRIBUTORS/TRADERS

13.1 Marketing Channel
  13.1.1 Direct Marketing
  13.1.2 Indirect Marketing
  13.1.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
13.2 Market Positioning
  13.2.1 Pricing Strategy
  13.2.2 Brand Strategy
  13.2.3 Target Client
13.3 Distributors/Traders List

14 EUROPE IMMUNOMODULATORS MARKET FORECAST (2017-2022)

14.1 Germany Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.2 France Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.3 UK Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.4 Russia Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.5 Italy Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.6 Spain Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.7 Benelux Immunomodulators Sales Forecast (2017-2022)
14.8 Europe Immunomodulators Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
14.9 Europe Immunomodulators Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)

15 RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION

16 APPENDIX

Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source

The report requires updating with new data and is sent in 2-3 business days after order is placed.

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure Picture of Immunomodulators
Table Classification of Immunomodulators
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Immunomodulators by Type in 2015
Figure Immunosuppressant Picture
Figure Immunostimulants Picture
Figure Others Picture
Table Application of Immunomodulators
Figure Europe Sales Market Share of Immunomodulators by Application in 2015
Figure Oncology Examples
Figure Respiratory Examples
Figure HIV Examples
Figure Others Examples
Figure Germany Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure France Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure UK Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Russia Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Italy Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Spain Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Benelux Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Figure Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2022)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales of Key Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Figure 2015 Immunomodulators Sales Share by Manufacturers
Figure 2016 Immunomodulators Sales Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Immunomodulators Revenue by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table 2015 Europe Immunomodulators Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table 2016 Europe Immunomodulators Revenue Share by Manufacturers
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Immunomodulators by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Immunomodulators Sales Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Market Share by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Revenue Share by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Immunomodulators by Type (2012-2017)
Figure Europe Immunomodulators Revenue Growth Rate by Type (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Immunomodulators by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Revenue and Market Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Revenue Share by Countries (2012-2017)
Figure Revenue Market Share of Immunomodulators by Countries (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales and Market Share by Application (2012-2017)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales Share by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Sales Market Share of Immunomodulators by Application (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Germany Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Germany Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Germany Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure France Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure France Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table France Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table France Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table France Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table France Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure UK Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure UK Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table UK Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table UK Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Russia Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Russia Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Russia Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Italy Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Italy Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Italy Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Spain Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Spain Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Spain Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Figure Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate (2012-2017)
Figure Benelux Immunomodulators Sales Price Trend (2012-2017)
Table Benelux Immunomodulators Sales by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Immunomodulators Market Share by Manufacturers (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Immunomodulators Sales by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Immunomodulators Market Share by Type (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Immunomodulators Sales by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Benelux Immunomodulators Market Share by Application (2015 and 2016)
Table Immunomodulators Basic Information List
Table Hoffman La Roche Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Figure Hoffman La Roche Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Amgen Basic Information List
Table Amgen Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Amgen Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Abbott Basic Information List
Table Abbott Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Abbott Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Johnson＆Johnson Basic Information List
Table Johnson＆Johnson Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Johnson＆Johnson Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Novartis Basic Information List
Table Novartis Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Novartis Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Biogen Idec Basic Information List
Table Biogen Idec Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Biogen Idec Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Merck Basic Information List
Table Merck Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Merck Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Bristol-Myers Squibb Basic Information List
Table Bristol-Myers Squibb Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Bristol-Myers Squibb Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Eli Lilly? Basic Information List
Table Eli Lilly? Immunomodulators Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2012-2017)
Table Eli Lilly? Immunomodulators Sales Market Share (2012-2017)
Table Production Base and Market Concentration Rate of Raw Material
Figure Price Trend of Key Raw Materials
Table Key Suppliers of Raw Materials
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Immunomodulators
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Immunomodulators
Figure Immunomodulators Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Raw Materials Sources of Immunomodulators Major Manufacturers in 2015
Table Major Buyers of Immunomodulators
Table Distributors/Traders List
Figure Germany Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Germany Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure France Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure UK Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Russia Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Italy Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Spain Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Immunomodulators Sales and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Figure Benelux Immunomodulators Revenue and Growth Rate Forecast (2017-2022)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales Forecast by Type (2017-2022)
Table Europe Immunomodulators Sales Forecast by Application (2017-2022)