Epiomic Epidemiology Series: Refractive Errors Forecast in 18 Major Markets 2018–2028
Black Swan Analysis Epiomic Epidemiology Forecast Report on Refractive Errors in 18 Major Markets
The main role of the optical components of the eye is focusing rays of light on the retina. Situation in which parallel rays are focused properly is known as emmetropia. Various defects caused by the inability of the eye to converge the refracted rays on the retina are known as refractive errors (ametropias). The report covers the features and epidemiology facts of hyperopia, myopia and presbyopia.
This report provides the current prevalent population for refractive errors across 18 Major Markets (USA, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, Poland, Netherlands, Turkey, Japan, China, South Korea, India, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina) split by gender and 5-year age cohort. In addition to the current prevalence, the report provides an overview of the risk factors, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, along with specific variations by geography and ethnicity.
Providing a value-added level of insight from the analysis team at Black Swan, several features of refractive errors patients, as well as the main comorbidities of the covered conditions have been quantified and presented alongside the overall prevalence figures. These sub-populations within the main disease are also included at a country level across the 10-year forecast snapshot.
Main symptoms and co-morbidities of refractive errors include:
Reason to buy
The main role of the optical components of the eye is focusing rays of light on the retina. Situation in which parallel rays are focused properly is known as emmetropia. Various defects caused by the inability of the eye to converge the refracted rays on the retina are known as refractive errors (ametropias). The report covers the features and epidemiology facts of hyperopia, myopia and presbyopia.
This report provides the current prevalent population for refractive errors across 18 Major Markets (USA, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, Poland, Netherlands, Turkey, Japan, China, South Korea, India, Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina) split by gender and 5-year age cohort. In addition to the current prevalence, the report provides an overview of the risk factors, diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, along with specific variations by geography and ethnicity.
Providing a value-added level of insight from the analysis team at Black Swan, several features of refractive errors patients, as well as the main comorbidities of the covered conditions have been quantified and presented alongside the overall prevalence figures. These sub-populations within the main disease are also included at a country level across the 10-year forecast snapshot.
Main symptoms and co-morbidities of refractive errors include:
- Eye strain
- Headaches
- Glaucoma
- Cataracts
- Amblyopia
- Anisometropia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Arterial hypertension
Reason to buy
- Ability to quantify patient populations in global refractive errors market to target the development of future products, pricing strategies and launch plans.
- Further insight into the prevalence of the subdivided types of refractive errors and identification of patient segments with high potential.
- Delivery of more accurate information for clinical trials in study sizing and realistic patient recruitment for various countries.
- Better understanding of the impact of specific co-morbid conditions on the prevalent population of refractive errors patients.
- Identification of refractive errors patient sub-populations that require treatment.
- Better understanding of the specific markets that have the largest number of refractive errors patients.
INTRODUCTION
CAUSE OF THE DISEASE
RISK FACTORS & PREVENTION
DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE
VARIATION BY GEOGRAPHY/ETHNICITY
DISEASE PROGNOSIS & CLINICAL COURSE
KEY COMORBID CONDITIONS / FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE
METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF PATIENT NUMBERS
TOP-LINE PREVALENCE FOR REFRACTIVE ERRORS
HYPEROPIA
MYOPIA
PRESBYOPIA
FEATURES OF REFRACTIVE ERROR PATIENTS
HYPEROPIA
MYOPIA
PRESBYOBIA
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT
OTHER BLACK SWAN SERVICES & SOLUTIONS
REPORTS & PUBLICATIONS
ONLINE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATABASES
ONLINE PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING DATABASE
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
CAUSE OF THE DISEASE
RISK FACTORS & PREVENTION
DIAGNOSIS OF THE DISEASE
VARIATION BY GEOGRAPHY/ETHNICITY
DISEASE PROGNOSIS & CLINICAL COURSE
KEY COMORBID CONDITIONS / FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DISEASE
METHODOLOGY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF PATIENT NUMBERS
TOP-LINE PREVALENCE FOR REFRACTIVE ERRORS
HYPEROPIA
MYOPIA
PRESBYOPIA
FEATURES OF REFRACTIVE ERROR PATIENTS
HYPEROPIA
MYOPIA
PRESBYOBIA
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE REPORT
OTHER BLACK SWAN SERVICES & SOLUTIONS
REPORTS & PUBLICATIONS
ONLINE EPIDEMIOLOGY DATABASES
ONLINE PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING DATABASE
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
Table 1. Types and severity categories of refractive errors
Table 2. Prevalence of refractive errors, total (000s)
Table 3. Prevalence of refractive errors, males (000s)
Table 4. Prevalence of refractive errors, females (000s)
Table 5. Prevalence of hyperopia, total (000s)
Table 6. Prevalence of hyperopia, males (000s)
Table 7. Prevalence of hyperopia, females (000s)
Table 8. Prevalence of myopia, total (000s)
Table 9. Prevalence of myopia, males (000s)
Table 10. Prevalence of myopia, females (000s)
Table 11. Prevalence of presbyopia, total (000s)
Table 12. Prevalence of presbyopia, males (000s)
Table 13. Prevalence of presbyopia, females (000s)
Table 14. Patients with hyperopia by severity, total (000s)
Table 15. Patients with hyperopia > 3 dioptres, total (000s)
Table 16. Patients with anisometropia by difference in dioptres [D], total (000s)
Table 17. Patients with hyperopia by smoking status, total (000s)
Table 18. Hyperopia patients with diabetes, total (000s)
Table 19. Hyperopia patients with glaucoma, total (000s)
Table 20. Hyperopia patients with hypertension, total (000s)
Table 21. Patients with myopia by severity, total (000s)
Table 22. Myopia patients with glaucoma, total (000s)
Table 23. Patients with presbyopia by type, total (000s)
Table 24. Presbyopia patients earlier diagnosed with hyperopia, total (000s)
Table 25. Abbreviations and acronyms used in the report
Table 26. USA prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 27. USA prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 28. Canada prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 29. Canada prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 30. France prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 31. France prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 32. Germany prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 33. Germany prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 34. Italy prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 35. Italy prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 36. Spain prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 37. Spain prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 38. UK prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 39. UK prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 40. Poland prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 41. Poland prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 42. Netherlands prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 43. Netherlands prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 44. Turkey prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 45. Turkey prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 46. Japan prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 47. Japan prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 48. China prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 49. China prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 50. South Korea prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 51. South Korea prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 52. India prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 53. India prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 54. Australia prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 55. Australia prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 56. Brazil prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 57. Brazil prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 58. Mexico prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 59. Mexico prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 60. Argentina prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 61. Argentina prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 62. USA prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 63. USA prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 64. Canada prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 65. Canada prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 66. France prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 67. France prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 68. Germany prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 69. Germany prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 70. Italy prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 71. Italy prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 72. Spain prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 73. Spain prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 74. UK prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 75. UK prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 76. Poland prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 77. Poland prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 78. Netherlands prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 79. Netherlands prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 80. Turkey prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 81. Turkey prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 82. Japan prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 83. Japan prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 84. China prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 85. China prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 86. South Korea prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 87. South Korea prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 88. India prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 89. India prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 90. Australia prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 91. Australia prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 92. Brazil prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 93. Brazil prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 94. Mexico prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 95. Mexico prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 96. Argentina prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 97. Argentina prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 98. USA prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 99. USA prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 100. Canada prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 101. Canada prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 102. France prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 103. France prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 104. Germany prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 105. Germany prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 106. Italy prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 107. Italy prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 108. Spain prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 109. Spain prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 110. UK prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 111. UK prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 112. Poland prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 113. Poland prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 114. Netherlands prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 115. Netherlands prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 116. Turkey prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 117. Turkey prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 118. Japan prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 119. Japan prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 120. China prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 121. China prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 122. South Korea prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 123. South Korea prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 124. India prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 125. India prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 126. Australia prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 127. Australia prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 128. Brazil prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 129. Brazil prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 130. Mexico prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 131. Mexico prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 132. Argentina prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 133. Argentina prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Figure 1. Differences in the prevalence of hyperopia in the current adult smoking and non-smoking US populations according to 2015 data
Figure 2. Differences in the prevalence of myopia in East Asian and Western European countries
Table 1. Types and severity categories of refractive errors
Table 2. Prevalence of refractive errors, total (000s)
Table 3. Prevalence of refractive errors, males (000s)
Table 4. Prevalence of refractive errors, females (000s)
Table 5. Prevalence of hyperopia, total (000s)
Table 6. Prevalence of hyperopia, males (000s)
Table 7. Prevalence of hyperopia, females (000s)
Table 8. Prevalence of myopia, total (000s)
Table 9. Prevalence of myopia, males (000s)
Table 10. Prevalence of myopia, females (000s)
Table 11. Prevalence of presbyopia, total (000s)
Table 12. Prevalence of presbyopia, males (000s)
Table 13. Prevalence of presbyopia, females (000s)
Table 14. Patients with hyperopia by severity, total (000s)
Table 15. Patients with hyperopia > 3 dioptres, total (000s)
Table 16. Patients with anisometropia by difference in dioptres [D], total (000s)
Table 17. Patients with hyperopia by smoking status, total (000s)
Table 18. Hyperopia patients with diabetes, total (000s)
Table 19. Hyperopia patients with glaucoma, total (000s)
Table 20. Hyperopia patients with hypertension, total (000s)
Table 21. Patients with myopia by severity, total (000s)
Table 22. Myopia patients with glaucoma, total (000s)
Table 23. Patients with presbyopia by type, total (000s)
Table 24. Presbyopia patients earlier diagnosed with hyperopia, total (000s)
Table 25. Abbreviations and acronyms used in the report
Table 26. USA prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 27. USA prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 28. Canada prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 29. Canada prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 30. France prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 31. France prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 32. Germany prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 33. Germany prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 34. Italy prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 35. Italy prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 36. Spain prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 37. Spain prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 38. UK prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 39. UK prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 40. Poland prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 41. Poland prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 42. Netherlands prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 43. Netherlands prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 44. Turkey prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 45. Turkey prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 46. Japan prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 47. Japan prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 48. China prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 49. China prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 50. South Korea prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 51. South Korea prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 52. India prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 53. India prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 54. Australia prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 55. Australia prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 56. Brazil prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 57. Brazil prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 58. Mexico prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 59. Mexico prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 60. Argentina prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 61. Argentina prevalence of hyperopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 62. USA prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 63. USA prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 64. Canada prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 65. Canada prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 66. France prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 67. France prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 68. Germany prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 69. Germany prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 70. Italy prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 71. Italy prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 72. Spain prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 73. Spain prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 74. UK prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 75. UK prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 76. Poland prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 77. Poland prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 78. Netherlands prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 79. Netherlands prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 80. Turkey prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 81. Turkey prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 82. Japan prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 83. Japan prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 84. China prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 85. China prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 86. South Korea prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 87. South Korea prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 88. India prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 89. India prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 90. Australia prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 91. Australia prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 92. Brazil prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 93. Brazil prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 94. Mexico prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 95. Mexico prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 96. Argentina prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 97. Argentina prevalence of myopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 98. USA prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 99. USA prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 100. Canada prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 101. Canada prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 102. France prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 103. France prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 104. Germany prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 105. Germany prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 106. Italy prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 107. Italy prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 108. Spain prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 109. Spain prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 110. UK prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 111. UK prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 112. Poland prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 113. Poland prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 114. Netherlands prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 115. Netherlands prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 116. Turkey prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 117. Turkey prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 118. Japan prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 119. Japan prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 120. China prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 121. China prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 122. South Korea prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 123. South Korea prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 124. India prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 125. India prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 126. Australia prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 127. Australia prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 128. Brazil prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 129. Brazil prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 130. Mexico prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 131. Mexico prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Table 132. Argentina prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, males (000s)
Table 133. Argentina prevalence of presbyopia by 5-yr age cohort, females (000s)
Figure 1. Differences in the prevalence of hyperopia in the current adult smoking and non-smoking US populations according to 2015 data
Figure 2. Differences in the prevalence of myopia in East Asian and Western European countries
