Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market Size, Share, and Analysis, By Stages (Early AMD, Intermediate AMD, Late AMD), By Age Group (Above 75 Years, Above 60 Years, Above 40 Years), By Diagnosis and Treatment (Treatment, Diagnosis), By Route of Administration (Oral, Injectables), By End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, Academic Research Institutes, Others) and Regional Forecasts, 2022-2032
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market Size, Share, and Analysis, By Stages (Early AMD, Intermediate AMD, Late AMD), By Age Group (Above 75 Years, Above 60 Years, Above 40 Years), By Diagnosis and Treatment (Treatment, Diagnosis), By Route of Administration (Oral, Injectables), By End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Diagnostic Centers, Academic Research Institutes, Others) and Regional Forecasts, 2022-2032
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market size was USD 7.5 billion in 2021 and projected t%li%grow from USD 8.8 billion in 2023 t%li%USD 18.8 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period.
Dry age-related macular degeneration is among the very common eye illness especially in individuals aged over 50. Owing t%li%the breakdown of the internal layers of macula, it leads t%li%hazy or diminished central vision. Dry macular degeneration could begin in one eye and progress t%li%the other before appearing in both eyes simultaneously. When eyesight deteriorates with time, the ability t%li%read, drive, and identify people may be impacted.
MARKET HIGHLIGHTS
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market is expected t%li%reach USD 18.8 billion, growing at a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period owing t%li%the growing senior population and rising cases of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration. The development of new treatments for dry AMD and an increase in the number of clinical trials specifically targeting dry AMD are a few other major factors driving the market growth.
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market Segments:
Growth Drivers
Growing Geriatric Population and Rising Cases of AMD are Expected t%li%Boost the Market Growth
Increasing Expenditure by Governments is Expected t%li%Boost the Market Growth
Restraint
Multiple Unsuccessful Trials and Stringent Regulations Associated with Dry AMD t%li%Restrain the Market Growth
Key Players
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market size was USD 7.5 billion in 2021 and projected t%li%grow from USD 8.8 billion in 2023 t%li%USD 18.8 billion by 2032, exhibiting a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period.
Dry age-related macular degeneration is among the very common eye illness especially in individuals aged over 50. Owing t%li%the breakdown of the internal layers of macula, it leads t%li%hazy or diminished central vision. Dry macular degeneration could begin in one eye and progress t%li%the other before appearing in both eyes simultaneously. When eyesight deteriorates with time, the ability t%li%read, drive, and identify people may be impacted.
MARKET HIGHLIGHTS
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market is expected t%li%reach USD 18.8 billion, growing at a CAGR of 8.7% during the forecast period owing t%li%the growing senior population and rising cases of the Age-Related Macular Degeneration. The development of new treatments for dry AMD and an increase in the number of clinical trials specifically targeting dry AMD are a few other major factors driving the market growth.
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market Segments:
- Stages
- Early AMD
- Intermediate AMD
- Late AMD
- Age Group
- Above 75 Years
- Above 60 Years
- Above 40 Years
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Route of Administration
- Oral
- Injectables
- End User
- Hospitals & Clinics
- Diagnostic Centers
- Academic Research Institutes
- Others
Growth Drivers
Growing Geriatric Population and Rising Cases of AMD are Expected t%li%Boost the Market Growth
Increasing Expenditure by Governments is Expected t%li%Boost the Market Growth
Restraint
Multiple Unsuccessful Trials and Stringent Regulations Associated with Dry AMD t%li%Restrain the Market Growth
Key Players
- Roche
- Bausch Health
- Allergan plc
- Santen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
- Ocumension Therapeutics Co. Ltd
- Apellis Pharmaceuticals
- Gyroscope Therapeutics
- Iveric Bio
- CellCure Neurosciences
- Stealth Biotherapeutics Corp.
- Eyestem Research Pvt Ltd
- Belite Bi%li%Inc.
- Kubota Vision Inc.
- Evergreen Therapeutics
- Alkeus Pharmaceuticals
- Other Prominent Players (Company Overview, Business Strategy, Key Product Offerings, Financial Performance, Key Performance Indicators, Risk Analysis, Recent Development, Regional Presence, SWOT Analysis)
- North America Market Size, Share, Trends, Opportunities, Y-o-Y Growth, CAG.R – United States and Canada
- Latin America Market Size, Share, Trends, Opportunities, Y-o-Y Growth, CAGR – Mexico, Argentina, Brazil and Rest of Latin America
- Europe Market Size, Share, Trends, Opportunities, Y-o-Y Growth, CAGR – United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Belgium, Hungary, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, NORDIC, Russia, Turkey and Rest of Europe
- Asia Pacific Market Size, Share, Trends, Opportunities, Y-o-Y Growth, CAGR – India, China, South Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia and Rest of APAC
- Middle East and Africa Market Size, Share, Trends, Opportunities, Y-o-Y Growth, CAGR – North Africa, Israel, GCC, South Africa and Rest of MENA
- Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the market based on segmentation involving both economic as well as non-economic factors
- Provision of market value (USD Billion) data for each segment and sub-segment
- Indicates the region and segment that is expected t%li%witness the fastest growth as well as t%li%dominate the market
- Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
- Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
- Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
- The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry with respect t%li%recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
- Includes in-depth analysis of the market of various perspectives through Porter’s five forces analysis
- Provides insight int%li%the market through Value Chain
- Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years t%li%come
- 3-month post-sales analyst support.
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1.Regional Market Share
1.2. Business Trends
1.3. Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market: COVID-19 Outbreak
1.4.Regional Trends
1.5. Segmentation Snapshot
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Research Objective
2.2.Research Approach
2.3.Data Sourcing and Methodology
2.4. Primary Research
2.5. Secondary Research
2.5.1.Paid Sources
2.5.2. Public Sources
2.6.Market Size Estimation and Data Triangulation
3. MARKET CHARACTERISTICS
3.1. Market Definition
3.2.Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market: COVID-19 Impact
3.3.Key Segmentations
3.4. Key Developments
3.5. Allied Industry Data
4. DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET – INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
4.1.Industry Segmentation
4.2. COVID-19 overview on world economy
4.3. Industry ecosystem Channel analysis
4.4. Innovation & Sustainability
5. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
6. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
7.MARKET DYNAMICS
7.1. Introduction
7.2.Growth Drivers
7.3.Market Opportunities
7.4. Market Restraints
7.5.Market Trends
8. MARKET ANALYSIS
8.1. Porters Five Forces
8.2. PEST Analysis
8.2.1. Political
8.2.2.Economic
8.2.3.Social
8.2.4.Technological
9. DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET
9.1. Overview
9.2.Historical Analysis (2016-2021)
9.2.1. Market Size, Y-o-Y Growth (%) and Market Forecast
10. DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
10.1.Overview
10.2. Key Findings
10.3. Market Segmentation
10.3.1. By Stages
10.3.1.1.Early AMD
10.3.1.1.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.1.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.1.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.2. Intermediate AMD
10.3.1.2.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.2.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.3. Late AMD
10.3.1.3.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.3.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.3.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.By Age Group
10.3.2.1. Above 75 Years
10.3.2.1.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.1.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.1.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.2.Above 60 Years
10.3.2.2.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.2.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.2.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.3.Above 40 Years
10.3.2.3.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.3.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.3.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
10.3.3.1. Treatment
10.3.3.1.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.1.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.1.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.2.Diagnosis
10.3.3.2.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.2.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.By Route of Administration
10.3.4.1. Oral
10.3.4.1.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.1.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.1.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.2.Injectables
10.3.4.2.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.2.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.By End User
10.3.5.1. Hospitals & Clinics
10.3.5.1.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.1.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.1.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.2.Diagnostic Centers
10.3.5.2.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.2.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.3.Academic Research Institutes
10.3.5.3.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.3.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.3.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.4.Others
10.3.5.4.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.4.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.4.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
11.NORTH AMERICA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
11.1.Overview
11.2. Key Findings
11.3. Market Segmentation
11.3.1.By Stages
11.3.2. By Age Group
11.3.3. By Diagnosis and Treatment
11.3.4. By Route of Administration
11.3.5. By End User
11.4.Country
11.4.1. United States
11.4.2.Canada
12. EUROPE DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
12.1. Overview
12.2. Key Findings
12.3. Market Segmentation
12.3.1. By Stages
12.3.2.By Age Group
12.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
12.3.4.By Route of Administration
12.3.5.By End User
12.4. Country
12.4.1.Germany
12.4.2. United Kingdom
12.4.3. France
12.4.4. Italy
12.4.5. Spain
12.4.6. Russia
12.4.7. Rest of Europe (BENELUX, NORDIC, Hungary, Turkey & Poland)
13. ASIA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
13.1. Overview
13.2. Key Findings
13.3. Market Segmentation
13.3.1. By Stages
13.3.2.By Age Group
13.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
13.3.4.By Route of Administration
13.3.5.By End User
13.4. Country
13.4.1.India
13.4.2. China
13.4.3. South Korea
13.4.4. Japan
13.4.5. Rest of APAC
14. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
14.1.Overview
14.2. Key Findings
14.3. Market Segmentation
14.3.1. By Stages
14.3.2.By Age Group
14.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
14.3.4. By Route of Administration
14.3.5.By End User
14.4. Country
14.4.1.Israel
14.4.2. GCC
14.4.3. North Africa
14.4.4. South Africa
14.4.5. Rest of Middle East and Africa
15. LATIN AMERICA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
15.1.Overview
15.2. Key Findings
15.3. Market Segmentation
15.3.1. By Stages
15.3.2.By Age Group
15.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
15.3.4.By Route of Administration
15.3.5.By End User
15.4. Country
15.4.1.Mexico
15.4.2. Brazil
15.4.3. Rest of Latin America
16. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
16.1. Company market share, 2021
16.2. Key player overview
16.3. Key stakeholders
17. COMPANY PROFILES
17.1.Roche
17.1.1.Company Overview
17.1.2. Financial Overview
17.1.3. Key Product; Analysis
17.1.4.Company Assessment
17.1.4.1.Product Portfolio
17.1.4.2. Key Clients
17.1.4.3. Market Share
17.1.4.4. Recent News & Development (Last 3 Yrs.)
17.1.4.5. Executive Team
17.2. Bausch Health
17.3. Allergan plc
17.4. Santen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
17.5. Ocumension Therapeutics Co. Ltd
17.6. Apellis Pharmaceuticals
17.7. Gyroscope Therapeutics
17.8. Iveric Bio
17.9. CellCure Neurosciences
17.10. Stealth Biotherapeutics Corp.
17.11.Eyestem Research Pvt Ltd
17.12. Belite Bio Inc.
17.13. Kubota Vision Inc.
17.14. Evergreen Therapeutics
17.15. Alkeus Pharmaceuticals
17.16. Other Prominent Players
18. APPENDIX
19. CONSULTANT RECOMMENDATION
1.1.Regional Market Share
1.2. Business Trends
1.3. Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market: COVID-19 Outbreak
1.4.Regional Trends
1.5. Segmentation Snapshot
2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
2.1. Research Objective
2.2.Research Approach
2.3.Data Sourcing and Methodology
2.4. Primary Research
2.5. Secondary Research
2.5.1.Paid Sources
2.5.2. Public Sources
2.6.Market Size Estimation and Data Triangulation
3. MARKET CHARACTERISTICS
3.1. Market Definition
3.2.Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration Market: COVID-19 Impact
3.3.Key Segmentations
3.4. Key Developments
3.5. Allied Industry Data
4. DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET – INDUSTRY INSIGHTS
4.1.Industry Segmentation
4.2. COVID-19 overview on world economy
4.3. Industry ecosystem Channel analysis
4.4. Innovation & Sustainability
5. MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
6. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
7.MARKET DYNAMICS
7.1. Introduction
7.2.Growth Drivers
7.3.Market Opportunities
7.4. Market Restraints
7.5.Market Trends
8. MARKET ANALYSIS
8.1. Porters Five Forces
8.2. PEST Analysis
8.2.1. Political
8.2.2.Economic
8.2.3.Social
8.2.4.Technological
9. DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET
9.1. Overview
9.2.Historical Analysis (2016-2021)
9.2.1. Market Size, Y-o-Y Growth (%) and Market Forecast
10. DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
10.1.Overview
10.2. Key Findings
10.3. Market Segmentation
10.3.1. By Stages
10.3.1.1.Early AMD
10.3.1.1.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.1.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.1.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.2. Intermediate AMD
10.3.1.2.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.2.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.3. Late AMD
10.3.1.3.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.3.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.1.3.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.By Age Group
10.3.2.1. Above 75 Years
10.3.2.1.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.1.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.1.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.2.Above 60 Years
10.3.2.2.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.2.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.2.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.3.Above 40 Years
10.3.2.3.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.3.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.2.3.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
10.3.3.1. Treatment
10.3.3.1.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.1.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.1.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.2.Diagnosis
10.3.3.2.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.2.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.3.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.By Route of Administration
10.3.4.1. Oral
10.3.4.1.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.1.2. Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.1.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.2.Injectables
10.3.4.2.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.2.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.4.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.By End User
10.3.5.1. Hospitals & Clinics
10.3.5.1.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.1.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.1.3. Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.2.Diagnostic Centers
10.3.5.2.1.By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.2.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.2.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.3.Academic Research Institutes
10.3.5.3.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.3.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.3.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.4.Others
10.3.5.4.1. By Value (USD Million) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.4.2.Market Share (%) 2022-2032F
10.3.5.4.3.Y-o-Y Growth (%) 2022-2032F
11.NORTH AMERICA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
11.1.Overview
11.2. Key Findings
11.3. Market Segmentation
11.3.1.By Stages
11.3.2. By Age Group
11.3.3. By Diagnosis and Treatment
11.3.4. By Route of Administration
11.3.5. By End User
11.4.Country
11.4.1. United States
11.4.2.Canada
12. EUROPE DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
12.1. Overview
12.2. Key Findings
12.3. Market Segmentation
12.3.1. By Stages
12.3.2.By Age Group
12.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
12.3.4.By Route of Administration
12.3.5.By End User
12.4. Country
12.4.1.Germany
12.4.2. United Kingdom
12.4.3. France
12.4.4. Italy
12.4.5. Spain
12.4.6. Russia
12.4.7. Rest of Europe (BENELUX, NORDIC, Hungary, Turkey & Poland)
13. ASIA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
13.1. Overview
13.2. Key Findings
13.3. Market Segmentation
13.3.1. By Stages
13.3.2.By Age Group
13.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
13.3.4.By Route of Administration
13.3.5.By End User
13.4. Country
13.4.1.India
13.4.2. China
13.4.3. South Korea
13.4.4. Japan
13.4.5. Rest of APAC
14. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
14.1.Overview
14.2. Key Findings
14.3. Market Segmentation
14.3.1. By Stages
14.3.2.By Age Group
14.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
14.3.4. By Route of Administration
14.3.5.By End User
14.4. Country
14.4.1.Israel
14.4.2. GCC
14.4.3. North Africa
14.4.4. South Africa
14.4.5. Rest of Middle East and Africa
15. LATIN AMERICA DRY AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION MARKET SIZE & FORECAST 2022A-2032F
15.1.Overview
15.2. Key Findings
15.3. Market Segmentation
15.3.1. By Stages
15.3.2.By Age Group
15.3.3.By Diagnosis and Treatment
15.3.4.By Route of Administration
15.3.5.By End User
15.4. Country
15.4.1.Mexico
15.4.2. Brazil
15.4.3. Rest of Latin America
16. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
16.1. Company market share, 2021
16.2. Key player overview
16.3. Key stakeholders
17. COMPANY PROFILES
17.1.Roche
17.1.1.Company Overview
17.1.2. Financial Overview
17.1.3. Key Product; Analysis
17.1.4.Company Assessment
17.1.4.1.Product Portfolio
17.1.4.2. Key Clients
17.1.4.3. Market Share
17.1.4.4. Recent News & Development (Last 3 Yrs.)
17.1.4.5. Executive Team
17.2. Bausch Health
17.3. Allergan plc
17.4. Santen Pharmaceuticals Inc.
17.5. Ocumension Therapeutics Co. Ltd
17.6. Apellis Pharmaceuticals
17.7. Gyroscope Therapeutics
17.8. Iveric Bio
17.9. CellCure Neurosciences
17.10. Stealth Biotherapeutics Corp.
17.11.Eyestem Research Pvt Ltd
17.12. Belite Bio Inc.
17.13. Kubota Vision Inc.
17.14. Evergreen Therapeutics
17.15. Alkeus Pharmaceuticals
17.16. Other Prominent Players
18. APPENDIX
19. CONSULTANT RECOMMENDATION
