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Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, Segmented By Application (Cardiac Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Others), By End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical centers, Others), and By Region and Competition, 2019-2029F

May 2024 | 180 pages | ID: C1D7BD3DA6BBEN
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Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market was valued at USD 201.97 million in 2023 and is anticipated t%li%project steady growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 6.99% through 2029. Cerebral oximetry is a medical technology used t%li%measure and monitor the oxygen saturation levels in the blood within the brain tissues. It provides real-time information about the amount of oxygen being delivered t%li%the brain, which is crucial for maintaining brain function and preventing neurological complications during surgeries and other medical procedures. Cerebral oximetry technology utilizes near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) t%li%achieve these measurements. Cerebral oximetry devices work on the principle of near-infrared spectroscopy. These devices emit near-infrared light int%li%the tissues of the forehead, and the light is partially absorbed and scattered as it passes through the tissue. The device then measures the amount of light that is returned after passing through the tissue.

By analyzing the absorption and scattering patterns of the light, the device can estimate the levels of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood vessels. The global increase in surgical procedures, including complex surgeries like cardiac and neurosurgical procedures, has driven the demand for technologies that can help mitigate surgical risks and improve patient outcomes. Cerebral oximetry monitoring addresses this need by aiding in brain oxygenation management. The aging population is more prone t%li%chronic conditions that require surgeries and medical interventions. Older patients are als%li%more susceptible t%li%complications related t%li%reduced oxygen supply t%li%the brain. Cerebral oximetry monitoring becomes crucial in managing these risks in elderly patients. Continuous advancements in medical device technology have led t%li%the development of more accurate, user-friendly, and reliable cerebral oximetry monitoring devices. These technological improvements increase the adoption of technology.

Key Market Drivers

Growing Number of Surgeries

The growing number of surgeries globally is a significant healthcare trend that has been observed over the past several years. This is influenced by various factors, including changes in demographics, increased access t%li%healthcare services, advancements in medical technology, and evolving treatment approaches. The global population is aging, and older individuals are more likely t%li%require surgical interventions due t%li%age-related health issues. As life expectancy increases, the demand for surgeries t%li%address conditions like cardiovascular diseases, joint replacements, and cancer treatment als%li%rises. The prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and cancer has been increasing worldwide. Many of these conditions require surgical interventions as part of treatment plans, contributing t%li%the overall rise in surgical procedures. Improved access t%li%healthcare services, particularly in developing countries, has led t%li%an increase in the number of individuals seeking medical treatment, including surgeries. This is driven by efforts t%li%expand healthcare infrastructure and reduce disparities in access.

Advances in medical technology have expanded the range of surgical procedures that can be performed with minimally invasive techniques. This has made surgeries less invasive, with shorter recovery times, encouraging more patients t%li%opt for surgical interventions. Surgical techniques and approaches continue t%li%evolve, making surgeries more effective and safer. As surgical outcomes improve and risks are minimized, patients and healthcare providers are more inclined t%li%consider surgical options. Some surgical procedures are performed as preventive measures t%li%reduce the risk of future health complications. For example, surgeries t%li%remove precancerous growths or t%li%address conditions like obesity can prevent more serious health issues down the line.

Various global health initiatives and organizations are working t%li%increase access t%li%essential surgeries in low- and middle-income countries. These initiatives aim t%li%address conditions like cataracts, hernias, and obstetric complications that can greatly impact quality of life. The growth of medical tourism, where patients travel t%li%other countries for medical procedures, has contributed t%li%an increase in surgeries in certain regions. Patients seek lower costs, quicker access, or specialized expertise in specific medical destinations. Traumatic injuries and emergencies necessitate surgical interventions for immediate life-saving purposes. The growing population and changing lifestyles can lead t%li%an increase in accidents and trauma cases, driving down the demand for surgical services. Greater awareness about medical conditions and treatment options has led patients and their families t%li%become more proactive in seeking surgical solutions for various health issues. This factor will pace up the demand of Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market.

Advancements in Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Technology

Traditional cerebral oximetry devices typically use tw%li%wavelengths of light t%li%estimate oxygen saturation. Advanced devices have introduced multi-wavelength systems that use more than tw%li%wavelengths. This enables improved accuracy by considering a broader range of optical properties in the tissue. Some cerebral oximetry systems provide regional oxygen saturation mapping, offering insights int%li%oxygenation levels in specific regions of the brain. This allows healthcare professionals t%li%identify potential imbalances in oxygen supply t%li%different brain areas. Many modern cerebral oximetry devices can be integrated with anesthesia delivery systems. This integration enables real-time adjustments t%li%anesthesia levels based on cerebral oxygenation data, optimizing patient safety during surgery. Advancements in connectivity have enabled some devices t%li%offer wireless data transmission and remote monitoring capabilities. This allows healthcare professionals t%li%monitor cerebral oxygenation levels from different locations, enhancing patient care and management. Some cerebral oximetry systems incorporate data analytics and trend monitoring features. They collect and analyze historical data t%li%provide insights int%li%oxygenation trends during surgeries and procedures, assisting medical teams in making informed decisions.

Advanced systems are equipped with automated alert mechanisms that notify healthcare providers when significant changes in cerebral oxygenation are detected. This helps medical teams intervene promptly if oxygen levels deviate from the normal range. Some devices allow healthcare professionals t%li%set customizable threshold values for oxygen saturation. This feature enables personalized monitoring based on patient-specific factors and surgical procedures. Modern cerebral oximetry monitors provide real-time visual feedback t%li%the surgical team, helping them assess the impact of interventions on cerebral oxygenation levels during the procedure. User-friendly interfaces and touchscreen displays have become standard in many cerebral oximetry devices. These interfaces simplify device operation, data interpretation, and navigation for medical professionals. While initially used primarily in cardiac surgeries, cerebral oximetry technology has expanded its clinical applications. Devices are now used in a wider range of surgical procedures, including neurosurgery, vascular surgery, and other critical interventions. Advancements have been made t%li%adapt cerebral oximetry technology for pediatric and neonatal patients. Devices are designed t%li%account for the unique physiological characteristics of these populations. This factor will help in the development of Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market.

Integration with Anesthesia Systems

Cerebral oximetry integration with anesthesia systems refers t%li%the incorporation of cerebral oximetry monitoring technology int%li%anesthesia delivery systems. This integration aims t%li%enhance patient safety during surgical procedures by providing real-time data on cerebral oxygenation levels and allowing anesthesia providers t%li%make informed decisions t%li%optimize oxygen delivery t%li%the brain. Integrating cerebral oximetry with anesthesia systems enables continuous real-time monitoring of cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2). This data helps anesthesia providers assess the brain's oxygen supply and adjust as needed. Anesthesia providers can receive alerts and notifications if significant changes in cerebral oxygenation are detected. This allows for prompt intervention t%li%prevent hypoxia or other complications.

By observing how anesthesia affects cerebral oxygenation, anesthesia providers can fine-tune anesthesia levels t%li%ensure optimal oxygen delivery t%li%the brain. This can help reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction and other adverse outcomes. Different surgical procedures and patients have varying oxygenation requirements. Integration allows anesthesia providers t%li%customize anesthesia management based on individual patient needs and surgical context. By maintaining adequate cerebral oxygenation, the integration of cerebral oximetry with anesthesia systems can contribute t%li%improved patient outcomes, reduced complications, and shorter recovery times. Integration involves connecting the cerebral oximetry monitoring device t%li%the anesthesia system's interface or monitoring platform. The device typically uses non-invasive sensors placed on the patient's forehead t%li%measure oxygen saturation in brain tissues. This factor will accelerate the demand of Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market.

Key Market Challenges

Variable Clinical Utility

Variable clinical utility is a challenge that has been recognized in the global cerebral oximetry monitoring market. This challenge pertains t%li%the varying degrees of usefulness and appropriateness of cerebral oximetry monitoring technology across different medical procedures, patient populations, and clinical scenarios. Healthcare providers might selectively adopt cerebral oximetry monitoring only in specific high-risk scenarios, leading t%li%inconsistent usage across different procedures. The perceived benefit of cerebral oximetry monitoring may not outweigh the costs in cases where the clinical utility is limited. This could impact its adoption, particularly in less complex procedures. The development of clinical guidelines recommending the use of cerebral oximetry monitoring might face challenges when determining which procedures warrant its implementation.

Cost and Reimbursement

Cost and reimbursement challenges have been significant factors impacting the global cerebral oximetry monitoring market. These challenges can influence the adoption and utilization of cerebral oximetry monitoring technology in various healthcare settings. The initial investment required t%li%purchase cerebral oximetry monitoring equipment can be substantial. This cost includes not only the devices themselves but als%li%any associated accessories, sensors, and software. Healthcare institutions need t%li%allocate resources for training healthcare professionals t%li%effectively use and interpret cerebral oximetry data. Proper training is essential t%li%ensure accurate readings and informed decision-making.

Regular maintenance, calibration, and servicing of cerebral oximetry devices are necessary t%li%ensure their accuracy and reliability. These ongoing costs can add up over time. In some regions or healthcare systems, there might be a lack of established reimbursement mechanisms for cerebral oximetry monitoring procedures. This can discourage healthcare providers from adopting the technology due t%li%financial concerns. Reimbursement policies and rates for cerebral oximetry monitoring may vary depending on factors such as the specific procedure, patient population, and geographical location. This variation can lead t%li%uncertainty for healthcare providers. T%li%secure reimbursement, healthcare providers and manufacturers often need t%li%demonstrate the cost-effectiveness of cerebral oximetry monitoring in terms of improved patient outcomes and reduced post-operative complications. Navigating the approval process for reimbursement can be complex and time-consuming. It may involve providing clinical evidence, demonstrating clinical utility, and addressing regulatory requirements.

Key Market Trends

Research and Clinical Studies

Research and clinical studies contribute t%li%evidence-based practice, influence medical guidelines, and drive the adoption of this technology in various medical specialties. Rigorous research and clinical studies provide scientific evidence regarding the benefits of cerebral oximetry monitoring in different medical scenarios. This evidence guides medical professionals in making informed decisions about the use of the technology. Research studies validate the accuracy and reliability of cerebral oximetry devices in measuring brain oxygenation levels. This validation is essential for gaining the trust of healthcare providers and regulatory bodies. Clinical studies assess how cerebral oximetry monitoring impacts patient outcomes, such as reducing the risk of post-operative complications, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological injuries. Research helps establish the safety and efficacy of cerebral oximetry monitoring technology, addressing concerns and uncertainties that may exist among healthcare professionals.

Many studies focus on evaluating the impact of cerebral oximetry monitoring on patient outcomes during high-risk surgical procedures, such as cardiac surgeries, vascular surgeries, and neurosurgeries. Research investigates the utility of cerebral oximetry monitoring in managing patients with neurological conditions that affect brain oxygenation, such as traumatic brain injury, stroke, and brain hemorrhage. Research examines how integrating cerebral oximetry monitoring with anesthesia systems improves anesthesia management and patient safety during surgeries. Studies explore the correlation between cerebral oxygenation levels during surgeries and post-operative cognitive function, helping understand the long-term impact of oxygenation on brain health. The findings of well-designed research studies influence the development of clinical guidelines and recommendations for the use of cerebral oximetry monitoring in specific medical procedures. Research and clinical studies continue t%li%advance the understanding of cerebral oximetry monitoring technology. Ongoing studies may explore new applications, refine protocols, and provide deeper insights int%li%its benefits across diverse patient populations.

Segmental Insights

Application Insights

Based on application, cardiac surgery emerged as the fastest growing segment in the Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market in 2023. There is a growing acknowledgment of the significance of monitoring cerebral oxygenation levels during surgeries t%li%prevent brain injury. Healthcare facilities are increasingly integrating cerebral oximetry monitoring systems t%li%augment patient safety and outcomes. While initially predominantly employed in cardiac surgeries, cerebral oximetry monitoring is now being employed in a wider array of surgical procedures, encompassing vascular surgeries, neurosurgeries, and critical care settings. This diversification of applications expands the market potential for cerebral oximetry monitoring devices. Ongoing advancements in technology have facilitated the development of more precise and user-friendly cerebral oximetry monitoring devices. These improvements enhance the reliability and effectiveness of monitoring, thereby stimulating adoption among healthcare providers.

End User Insights

In 2023, the Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring was dominated by hospitals & clinics segment and is predicted t%li%continue expanding over the coming years. Cardiac surgeries are recognized as some of the most intricate and perilous surgical procedures. These surgeries involve temporary cessation of the heart, which can compromise blood flow t%li%the brain. Cerebral oximetry monitoring is instrumental in maintaining sufficient oxygenation of the brain during these pivotal stages. According t%li%the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), approximately 2 million open heart surgeries are performed worldwide each year t%li%address various cardiac conditions. Consequently, the anticipated rise in cardiac surgical procedures is expected t%li%fuel the need for cerebral oximetry devices in the foreseeable future.

Regional Insights

The North America region has established itself as the leader in the Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market in 2023. North America, particularly the United States and Canada, boasts advanced healthcare infrastructure with well-equipped hospitals, research institutions, and medical facilities. This infrastructure enables the adoption and integration of cutting-edge medical technologies like cerebral oximetry monitoring. The region has been an early adopter of medical technologies and innovations. This includes the adoption of cerebral oximetry monitoring in various medical settings, ranging from cardiac surgeries t%li%neonatal care. This is largely due t%li%the presence and offerings of major players in the region, such as Medtronic, Nonin and Masimo. Major providers of O3 oximeter devices in the United States include INVOS System, Foresight, and Root for the monitoring of cerebral desaturation during cardiac surgery in the United States.

Key Market Players
    • Masim%li%Corp.
  • Medtronic Plc
  • Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
  • Nonin Medical Inc.
  • ISS Inc.
  • Hamamatsu Corporation
  • Mespere LifeSciences, Inc.
  • GE HealthCare Technologies, Inc.
    • Terum%li%Cardiovascular Systems Corporation
  • Koninklijke Philips N.V.
Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market has been segmented int%li%the following categories, in addition t%li%the industry trends which have als%li%been detailed below:
  • Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market, By Application:
  • Cardiac Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Others
  • Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market, By End User:
  • Hospitals & Clinics
  • Ambulatory Surgical centers
  • Others
  • Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market, By Region:
  • North America
  • United States
  • Canada
  • Mexico
  • Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • South Korea
  • Australia
  • Japan
  • Europe
  • Germany
  • France
  • United Kingdom
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Colombia
  • Middle East & Africa
  • South Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according t%li%a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information
    • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up t%li%five).
1. PRODUCT OVERVIEW

1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Scope of the Market
  1.2.1. Markets Covered
  1.2.2. Years Considered for Study
  1.2.3. Key Market Segmentations

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1. Objective of the Study
2.2. Baseline Methodology
2.3. Key Industry Partners
2.4. Major Association and Secondary Sources
2.5. Forecasting Methodology
2.6. Data Triangulation & Validation
2.7. Assumptions and Limitations

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

3.1. Overview of the Market
3.2. Overview of Key Market Segmentations
3.3. Overview of Key Market Players
3.4. Overview of Key Regions/Countries
3.5. Overview of Market Drivers, Challenges, Trends

4. VOICE OF CUSTOMER


5. GLOBAL CEREBRAL OXIMETRY MONITORING MARKET OUTLOOK

5.1. Market Size & Forecast
  5.1.1. By Value
5.2. Market Share & Forecast
  5.2.1. By Application (Cardiac Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Others)
  5.2.2. By End User (Hospitals & Clinics, Ambulatory Surgical centers, Others)
  5.2.3. By Company (2023)
  5.2.4. By Region
5.3. Market Map

6. NORTH CEREBRAL OXIMETRY MONITORING MARKET OUTLOOK

6.1. Market Size & Forecast
  6.1.1. By Value
6.2. Market Share & Forecast
  6.2.1. By Application
  6.2.2. By End User
  6.2.3. By Country
6.3. North America: Country Analysis
  6.3.1. United States Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    6.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      6.3.1.1.1. By Value
    6.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      6.3.1.2.1. By Application
      6.3.1.2.2. By End User
  6.3.2. Mexico Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    6.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      6.3.2.1.1. By Value
    6.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      6.3.2.2.1. By Application
      6.3.2.2.2. By End User
  6.3.3. Canada Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    6.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      6.3.3.1.1. By Value
    6.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      6.3.3.2.1. By Application
      6.3.3.2.2. By End User

7. EUROPE CEREBRAL OXIMETRY MONITORING MARKET OUTLOOK

7.1. Market Size & Forecast
  7.1.1. By Value
7.2. Market Share & Forecast
  7.2.1. By Application
  7.2.2. By End User
  7.2.3. By Country
7.3. Europe: Country Analysis
  7.3.1. France Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    7.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      7.3.1.1.1. By Value
    7.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      7.3.1.2.1. By Application
      7.3.1.2.2. By End User
  7.3.2. Germany Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    7.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      7.3.2.1.1. By Value
    7.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      7.3.2.2.1. By Application
      7.3.2.2.2. By End User
  7.3.3. United Kingdom Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    7.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      7.3.3.1.1. By Value
    7.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      7.3.3.2.1. By Application
      7.3.3.2.2. By End User
  7.3.4. Italy Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    7.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      7.3.4.1.1. By Value
    7.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      7.3.4.2.1. By Application
      7.3.4.2.2. By End User
  7.3.5. Spain Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    7.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      7.3.5.1.1. By Value
    7.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      7.3.5.2.1. By Application
      7.3.5.2.2. By End User

8. ASIA-PACIFIC CEREBRAL OXIMETRY MONITORING MARKET OUTLOOK

8.1. Market Size & Forecast
  8.1.1. By Value
8.2. Market Share & Forecast
  8.2.1. By Application
  8.2.2. By End User
  8.2.3. By Country
8.3. Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis
  8.3.1. China Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    8.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      8.3.1.1.1. By Value
    8.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      8.3.1.2.1. By Application
      8.3.1.2.2. By End User
  8.3.2. India Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    8.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      8.3.2.1.1. By Value
    8.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      8.3.2.2.1. By Application
      8.3.2.2.2. By End User
  8.3.3. South Korea Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    8.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      8.3.3.1.1. By Value
    8.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      8.3.3.2.1. By Application
      8.3.3.2.2. By End User
  8.3.4. Japan Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    8.3.4.1. Market Size & Forecast
      8.3.4.1.1. By Value
    8.3.4.2. Market Share & Forecast
      8.3.4.2.1. By Application
      8.3.4.2.2. By End User
  8.3.5. Australia Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    8.3.5.1. Market Size & Forecast
      8.3.5.1.1. By Value
    8.3.5.2. Market Share & Forecast
      8.3.5.2.1. By Application
      8.3.5.2.2. By End User

9. SOUTH AMERICA CEREBRAL OXIMETRY MONITORING MARKET OUTLOOK

9.1. Market Size & Forecast
  9.1.1. By Value
9.2. Market Share & Forecast
  9.2.1. By Application
  9.2.2. By End User
  9.2.3. By Country
9.3. South America: Country Analysis
  9.3.1. Brazil Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    9.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      9.3.1.1.1. By Value
    9.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      9.3.1.2.1. By Application
      9.3.1.2.2. By End User
  9.3.2. Argentina Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    9.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      9.3.2.1.1. By Value
    9.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      9.3.2.2.1. By Application
      9.3.2.2.2. By End User
  9.3.3. Colombia Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    9.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      9.3.3.1.1. By Value
    9.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      9.3.3.2.1. By Application
      9.3.3.2.2. By End User

10. MIDDLE EAST AND AFRICA CEREBRAL OXIMETRY MONITORING MARKET OUTLOOK

10.1. Market Size & Forecast
  10.1.1. By Value
10.2. Market Share & Forecast
  10.2.1. By Application
  10.2.2. By End User
  10.2.3. By Country
10.3. MEA: Country Analysis
  10.3.1. South Africa Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    10.3.1.1. Market Size & Forecast
      10.3.1.1.1. By Value
    10.3.1.2. Market Share & Forecast
      10.3.1.2.1. By Application
      10.3.1.2.2. By End User
  10.3.2. Saudi Arabia Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Market Outlook
    10.3.2.1. Market Size & Forecast
      10.3.2.1.1. By Value
    10.3.2.2. Market Share & Forecast
      10.3.2.2.1. By Application
      10.3.2.2.2. By End User
  10.3.3. UAE Cerebral Oximetry Monitoring Outlook
    10.3.3.1. Market Size & Forecast
      10.3.3.1.1. By Value
    10.3.3.2. Market Share & Forecast
      10.3.3.2.1. By Application
      10.3.3.2.2. By End User

11. MARKET DYNAMICS

11.1. Drivers
11.2. Challenges

12. MARKET TRENDS & DEVELOPMENTS

12.1. Recent Developments
12.2. Product Launches
12.3. Mergers & Acquisitions

13. PESTLE ANALYSIS


14. PORTER’S FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS

14.1. Competition in the Industry
14.2. Potential of New Entrants
14.3. Power of Suppliers
14.4. Power of Customers
14.5. Threat of Substitute Product

15. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

15.1. Masimo Corp.
  15.1.1. Business Overview
  15.1.2. Company Snapshot
  15.1.3. Products & Services
  15.1.4. Financials (As Reported)
  15.1.5. Recent Developments
  15.1.6. Key Personnel Details
  15.1.7. SWOT Analysis
15.2. Medtronic Plc
15.3. Edwards Lifesciences Corporation
15.4. Nonin Medical Inc.
15.5. ISS Inc.
15.6. Hamamatsu Corporation
15.7. Mespere LifeSciences, Inc.
15.8. GE HealthCare Technologies, Inc.
15.9. Terumo Cardiovascular Systems Corporation
15.10. Koninklijke Philips N.V.

16. STRATEGIC RECOMMENDATIONS


17. ABOUT US & DISCLAIMER



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