SOC Materials Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 74 pages | ID: S90F7330D2B4EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

Spin-on carbon (SoC) hardmasks are an increasingly key component of the micro-chip fabrication process. They are used to improve the resists’ selectivity to silicon during plasma etching, and as chip architectures become increasingly complex they are increasingly used to improve the aspect ratio of features in silicon.

This report contains market size and forecasts of SOC Materials in global, including the following market information:

Global SOC Materials Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global SOC Materials Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (Tons)

Global top five SOC Materials companies in 2021 (%)

The global SOC Materials market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Thermoplastic Polymer Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of SOC Materials include Samsung SDI, Merck Group, JSR, Brewer Science, Shin-Etsu MicroSi, YCCHEM, Nano-C, Irresistible Materials and NISSAN. etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the SOC Materials manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global SOC Materials Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global SOC Materials Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Thermoplastic Polymer
• PGMEA or Cyclohexanone

Global SOC Materials Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global SOC Materials Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• 3D Microchip
• MEMS & NEMS Deep Etching
• Others

Global SOC Materials Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (Tons)

Global SOC Materials Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies SOC Materials revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies SOC Materials revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies SOC Materials sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (Tons)

Key companies SOC Materials sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Samsung SDI
• Merck Group
• JSR
• Brewer Science
• Shin-Etsu MicroSi
• YCCHEM
• Nano-C
• Irresistible Materials
• NISSAN

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 SOC Materials Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global SOC Materials Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL SOC MATERIALS OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global SOC Materials Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global SOC Materials Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global SOC Materials Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top SOC Materials Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global SOC Materials Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global SOC Materials Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global SOC Materials Sales by Companies
3.5 Global SOC Materials Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 SOC Materials Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers SOC Materials Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 SOC Materials Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 SOC Materials Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 SOC Materials Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global SOC Materials Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Thermoplastic Polymer
  4.1.3 PGMEA or Cyclohexanone
4.2 By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global SOC Materials Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global SOC Materials Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 3D Microchip
  5.1.3 MEMS & NEMS Deep Etching
  5.1.4 Others
5.2 By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global SOC Materials Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global SOC Materials Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE SOC Materials Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Samsung SDI
  7.1.1 Samsung SDI Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Samsung SDI Business Overview
  7.1.3 Samsung SDI SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Samsung SDI SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Samsung SDI Key News
7.2 Merck Group
  7.2.1 Merck Group Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Merck Group Business Overview
  7.2.3 Merck Group SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Merck Group SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Merck Group Key News
7.3 JSR
  7.3.1 JSR Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 JSR Business Overview
  7.3.3 JSR SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 JSR SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 JSR Key News
7.4 Brewer Science
  7.4.1 Brewer Science Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Brewer Science Business Overview
  7.4.3 Brewer Science SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Brewer Science SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Brewer Science Key News
7.5 Shin-Etsu MicroSi
  7.5.1 Shin-Etsu MicroSi Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Shin-Etsu MicroSi Business Overview
  7.5.3 Shin-Etsu MicroSi SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Shin-Etsu MicroSi SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Shin-Etsu MicroSi Key News
7.6 YCCHEM
  7.6.1 YCCHEM Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 YCCHEM Business Overview
  7.6.3 YCCHEM SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 YCCHEM SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 YCCHEM Key News
7.7 Nano-C
  7.7.1 Nano-C Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Nano-C Business Overview
  7.7.3 Nano-C SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Nano-C SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Nano-C Key News
7.8 Irresistible Materials
  7.8.1 Irresistible Materials Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Irresistible Materials Business Overview
  7.8.3 Irresistible Materials SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Irresistible Materials SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Irresistible Materials Key News
7.9 NISSAN
  7.9.1 NISSAN Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 NISSAN Business Overview
  7.9.3 NISSAN SOC Materials Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 NISSAN SOC Materials Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.9.5 NISSAN Key News

8 GLOBAL SOC MATERIALS PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global SOC Materials Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 SOC Materials Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global SOC Materials Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 SOC MATERIALS SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 SOC Materials Industry Value Chain
10.2 SOC Materials Upstream Market
10.3 SOC Materials Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 SOC Materials Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of SOC Materials in Global Market
Table 2. Top SOC Materials Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global SOC Materials Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global SOC Materials Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global SOC Materials Sales by Companies, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global SOC Materials Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers SOC Materials Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Ton)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers SOC Materials Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 SOC Materials Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 SOC Materials Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Sales, (Tons), 2023-2028
Table 46. Samsung SDI Corporate Summary
Table 47. Samsung SDI SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 48. Samsung SDI SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Merck Group Corporate Summary
Table 50. Merck Group SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 51. Merck Group SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 52. JSR Corporate Summary
Table 53. JSR SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 54. JSR SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Brewer Science Corporate Summary
Table 56. Brewer Science SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 57. Brewer Science SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Shin-Etsu MicroSi Corporate Summary
Table 59. Shin-Etsu MicroSi SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 60. Shin-Etsu MicroSi SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 61. YCCHEM Corporate Summary
Table 62. YCCHEM SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 63. YCCHEM SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Nano-C Corporate Summary
Table 65. Nano-C SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 66. Nano-C SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Irresistible Materials Corporate Summary
Table 68. Irresistible Materials SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 69. Irresistible Materials SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 70. NISSAN Corporate Summary
Table 71. NISSAN SOC Materials Product Offerings
Table 72. NISSAN SOC Materials Sales (Tons), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Ton) (2017-2022)
Table 73. SOC Materials Production Capacity (Tons) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (Tons)
Table 74. Global SOC Materials Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 75. Global SOC Materials Production by Region, 2017-2022 (Tons)
Table 76. Global SOC Materials Production by Region, 2023-2028 (Tons)
Table 77. SOC Materials Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 78. SOC Materials Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 79. SOC Materials Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 80. SOC Materials Raw Materials
Table 81. SOC Materials Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 82. Typical SOC Materials Downstream
Table 83. SOC Materials Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 84. SOC Materials Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. SOC Materials Segment by Type
Figure 2. SOC Materials Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global SOC Materials Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global SOC Materials Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global SOC Materials Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. SOC Materials Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (Tons)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by SOC Materials Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global SOC Materials Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global SOC Materials Price (US$/Ton), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa SOC Materials Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE SOC Materials Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global SOC Materials Production Capacity (Tons), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production SOC Materials by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. SOC Materials Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels