Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Research Report 2024(Status and Outlook)
Report Overview
This report provides a deep insight into the global Antibody Engineering Services market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend, niche market, key market drivers and challenges, SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, etc.
The analysis helps the reader to shape the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. Furthermore, it provides a simple framework for evaluating and accessing the position of the business organization. The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Antibody Engineering Services Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Antibody Engineering Services market in any manner.
Global Antibody Engineering Services Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Company
Fusion Antibodies
Absolute Antibody
Creative Biolabs
Exonbio
LakePharma Inc.
Sino Biological
WuXi Biologics
Abzena
YUMAB
GenScript
Market Segmentation (by Type)
Gene Synthesis
Transient Expression
Isotype Switching
Chimerisation
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Medical Use
Research Use
Geographic Segmentation
In case of any queries or customization requirements, please connect with our sales team, who will ensure that your requirements are met.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the statistical scope of the report, market division standards, and market research methods.
Chapter 2 is an executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the Antibody Engineering Services Market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3 makes a detailed analysis of the market's competitive landscape of the market and provides the market share, capacity, output, price, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information of the main manufacturers in the market.
Chapter 4 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry, as well as Porter's five forces analysis.
Chapter 5 introduces the latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 6 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7 provides the analysis of various market segments according to application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world.
Chapter 9 introduces the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales revenue, sales volume, price, gross profit margin, market share, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 10 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next five years.
Chapter 11 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each market segment (product type and application) in the next five years.
Chapter 12 is the main points and conclusions of the report.
This report provides a deep insight into the global Antibody Engineering Services market covering all its essential aspects. This ranges from a macro overview of the market to micro details of the market size, competitive landscape, development trend, niche market, key market drivers and challenges, SWOT analysis, value chain analysis, etc.
The analysis helps the reader to shape the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. Furthermore, it provides a simple framework for evaluating and accessing the position of the business organization. The report structure also focuses on the competitive landscape of the Global Antibody Engineering Services Market, this report introduces in detail the market share, market performance, product situation, operation situation, etc. of the main players, which helps the readers in the industry to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market.
In a word, this report is a must-read for industry players, investors, researchers, consultants, business strategists, and all those who have any kind of stake or are planning to foray into the Antibody Engineering Services market in any manner.
Global Antibody Engineering Services Market: Market Segmentation Analysis
The research report includes specific segments by region (country), manufacturers, Type, and Application. Market segmentation creates subsets of a market based on product type, end-user or application, Geographic, and other factors. By understanding the market segments, the decision-maker can leverage this targeting in the product, sales, and marketing strategies. Market segments can power your product development cycles by informing how you create product offerings for different segments.
Key Company
Fusion Antibodies
Absolute Antibody
Creative Biolabs
Exonbio
LakePharma Inc.
Sino Biological
WuXi Biologics
Abzena
YUMAB
GenScript
Market Segmentation (by Type)
Gene Synthesis
Transient Expression
Isotype Switching
Chimerisation
Market Segmentation (by Application)
Medical Use
Research Use
Geographic Segmentation
- North America (USA, Canada, Mexico)
- Europe (Germany, UK, France, Russia, Italy, Rest of Europe)
- Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, South Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Rest of Asia-Pacific)
- South America (Brazil, Argentina, Columbia, Rest of South America)
- The Middle East and Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, Nigeria, South Africa, Rest of MEA)
- Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study
- Neutral perspective on the market performance
- Recent industry trends and developments
- Competitive landscape & strategies of key players
- Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered
- Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value
- In-depth analysis of the Antibody Engineering Services Market
- Overview of the regional outlook of the Antibody Engineering Services Market:
- Access to date statistics compiled by our researchers. These provide you with historical and forecast data, which is analyzed to tell you why your market is set to change
- This enables you to anticipate market changes to remain ahead of your competitors
- You will be able to copy data from the Excel spreadsheet straight into your marketing plans, business presentations, or other strategic documents
- The concise analysis, clear graph, and table format will enable you to pinpoint the information you require quickly
- Provision of market value (USD Billion) data for each segment and sub-segment
- Indicates the region and segment that is expected to witness the fastest growth as well as to dominate the market
- Analysis by geography highlighting the consumption of the product/service in the region as well as indicating the factors that are affecting the market within each region
- Competitive landscape which incorporates the market ranking of the major players, along with new service/product launches, partnerships, business expansions, and acquisitions in the past five years of companies profiled
- Extensive company profiles comprising of company overview, company insights, product benchmarking, and SWOT analysis for the major market players
- The current as well as the future market outlook of the industry concerning recent developments which involve growth opportunities and drivers as well as challenges and restraints of both emerging as well as developed regions
- Includes in-depth analysis of the market from various perspectives through Porter’s five forces analysis
- Provides insight into the market through Value Chain
- Market dynamics scenario, along with growth opportunities of the market in the years to come
- 6-month post-sales analyst support
In case of any queries or customization requirements, please connect with our sales team, who will ensure that your requirements are met.
Chapter Outline
Chapter 1 mainly introduces the statistical scope of the report, market division standards, and market research methods.
Chapter 2 is an executive summary of different market segments (by region, product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the Antibody Engineering Services Market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term.
Chapter 3 makes a detailed analysis of the market's competitive landscape of the market and provides the market share, capacity, output, price, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information of the main manufacturers in the market.
Chapter 4 is the analysis of the whole market industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry, as well as Porter's five forces analysis.
Chapter 5 introduces the latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry.
Chapter 6 provides the analysis of various market segments according to product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments.
Chapter 7 provides the analysis of various market segments according to application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets.
Chapter 8 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world.
Chapter 9 introduces the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales revenue, sales volume, price, gross profit margin, market share, product introduction, recent development, etc.
Chapter 10 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region in the next five years.
Chapter 11 provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each market segment (product type and application) in the next five years.
Chapter 12 is the main points and conclusions of the report.
1 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND STATISTICAL SCOPE
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Antibody Engineering Services
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Antibody Engineering Services Segment by Type
1.2.2 Antibody Engineering Services Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
3.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2024)
3.2 Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Company Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.4 Antibody Engineering Services Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.4.1 Antibody Engineering Services Market Concentration Rate
3.4.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Antibody Engineering Services Players Market Share by Revenue
3.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
4.1 Antibody Engineering Services Value Chain Analysis
4.2 Midstream Market Analysis
4.3 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 THE DEVELOPMENT AND DYNAMICS OF ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.2 Expansions
5.5.3 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2024)
7 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION
8.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.1.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.1.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 KEY COMPANIES PROFILE
9.1 Fusion Antibodies
9.1.1 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.1.2 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.1.3 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.1.4 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
9.1.5 Fusion Antibodies Business Overview
9.1.6 Fusion Antibodies Recent Developments
9.2 Absolute Antibody
9.2.1 Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.2.2 Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.2.3 Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
9.2.5 Absolute Antibody Business Overview
9.2.6 Absolute Antibody Recent Developments
9.3 Creative Biolabs
9.3.1 Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.3.2 Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.3.3 Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.3.4 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 Creative Biolabs Business Overview
9.3.6 Creative Biolabs Recent Developments
9.4 Exonbio
9.4.1 Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.4.2 Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.4.3 Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.4.4 Exonbio Business Overview
9.4.5 Exonbio Recent Developments
9.5 LakePharma Inc.
9.5.1 LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.5.2 LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.5.3 LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.5.4 LakePharma Inc. Business Overview
9.5.5 LakePharma Inc. Recent Developments
9.6 Sino Biological
9.6.1 Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.6.2 Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.6.3 Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Sino Biological Business Overview
9.6.5 Sino Biological Recent Developments
9.7 WuXi Biologics
9.7.1 WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.7.2 WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.7.3 WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.7.4 WuXi Biologics Business Overview
9.7.5 WuXi Biologics Recent Developments
9.8 Abzena
9.8.1 Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.8.2 Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.8.3 Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.8.4 Abzena Business Overview
9.8.5 Abzena Recent Developments
9.9 YUMAB
9.9.1 YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.9.2 YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.9.3 YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.9.4 YUMAB Business Overview
9.9.5 YUMAB Recent Developments
9.10 GenScript
9.10.1 GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.10.2 GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.10.3 GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.10.4 GenScript Business Overview
9.10.5 GenScript Recent Developments
10 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES REGIONAL MARKET FORECAST
10.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Antibody Engineering Services by Country
11 FORECAST MARKET BY TYPE AND BY APPLICATION (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 CONCLUSION AND KEY FINDINGS
1.1 Market Definition and Statistical Scope of Antibody Engineering Services
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.2.1 Antibody Engineering Services Segment by Type
1.2.2 Antibody Engineering Services Segment by Application
1.3 Methodology & Sources of Information
1.3.1 Research Methodology
1.3.2 Research Process
1.3.3 Market Breakdown and Data Triangulation
1.3.4 Base Year
1.3.5 Report Assumptions & Caveats
2 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET OVERVIEW
2.1 Global Market Overview
2.2 Market Segment Executive Summary
2.3 Global Market Size by Region
3 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
3.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue Market Share by Company (2019-2024)
3.2 Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3)
3.3 Company Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Sites, Area Served, Product Type
3.4 Antibody Engineering Services Market Competitive Situation and Trends
3.4.1 Antibody Engineering Services Market Concentration Rate
3.4.2 Global 5 and 10 Largest Antibody Engineering Services Players Market Share by Revenue
3.4.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
4.1 Antibody Engineering Services Value Chain Analysis
4.2 Midstream Market Analysis
4.3 Downstream Customer Analysis
5 THE DEVELOPMENT AND DYNAMICS OF ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET
5.1 Key Development Trends
5.2 Driving Factors
5.3 Market Challenges
5.4 Market Restraints
5.5 Industry News
5.5.1 Mergers & Acquisitions
5.5.2 Expansions
5.5.3 Collaboration/Supply Contracts
5.6 Industry Policies
6 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET SEGMENTATION BY TYPE
6.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
6.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Type (2019-2024)
6.3 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2024)
7 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET SEGMENTATION BY APPLICATION
7.1 Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
7.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) by Application (2019-2024)
7.3 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
8 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES MARKET SEGMENTATION BY REGION
8.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.1.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.1.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region
8.2 North America
8.2.1 North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country
8.2.2 U.S.
8.2.3 Canada
8.2.4 Mexico
8.3 Europe
8.3.1 Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country
8.3.2 Germany
8.3.3 France
8.3.4 U.K.
8.3.5 Italy
8.3.6 Russia
8.4 Asia Pacific
8.4.1 Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.4.2 China
8.4.3 Japan
8.4.4 South Korea
8.4.5 India
8.4.6 Southeast Asia
8.5 South America
8.5.1 South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country
8.5.2 Brazil
8.5.3 Argentina
8.5.4 Columbia
8.6 Middle East and Africa
8.6.1 Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region
8.6.2 Saudi Arabia
8.6.3 UAE
8.6.4 Egypt
8.6.5 Nigeria
8.6.6 South Africa
9 KEY COMPANIES PROFILE
9.1 Fusion Antibodies
9.1.1 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.1.2 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.1.3 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.1.4 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
9.1.5 Fusion Antibodies Business Overview
9.1.6 Fusion Antibodies Recent Developments
9.2 Absolute Antibody
9.2.1 Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.2.2 Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.2.3 Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.2.4 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
9.2.5 Absolute Antibody Business Overview
9.2.6 Absolute Antibody Recent Developments
9.3 Creative Biolabs
9.3.1 Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.3.2 Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.3.3 Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.3.4 Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
9.3.5 Creative Biolabs Business Overview
9.3.6 Creative Biolabs Recent Developments
9.4 Exonbio
9.4.1 Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.4.2 Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.4.3 Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.4.4 Exonbio Business Overview
9.4.5 Exonbio Recent Developments
9.5 LakePharma Inc.
9.5.1 LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.5.2 LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.5.3 LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.5.4 LakePharma Inc. Business Overview
9.5.5 LakePharma Inc. Recent Developments
9.6 Sino Biological
9.6.1 Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.6.2 Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.6.3 Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.6.4 Sino Biological Business Overview
9.6.5 Sino Biological Recent Developments
9.7 WuXi Biologics
9.7.1 WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.7.2 WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.7.3 WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.7.4 WuXi Biologics Business Overview
9.7.5 WuXi Biologics Recent Developments
9.8 Abzena
9.8.1 Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.8.2 Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.8.3 Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.8.4 Abzena Business Overview
9.8.5 Abzena Recent Developments
9.9 YUMAB
9.9.1 YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.9.2 YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.9.3 YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.9.4 YUMAB Business Overview
9.9.5 YUMAB Recent Developments
9.10 GenScript
9.10.1 GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
9.10.2 GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
9.10.3 GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Product Market Performance
9.10.4 GenScript Business Overview
9.10.5 GenScript Recent Developments
10 ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES REGIONAL MARKET FORECAST
10.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast
10.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Forecast by Region
10.2.1 North America Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.2 Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.3 Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Region
10.2.4 South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country
10.2.5 Middle East and Africa Forecasted Consumption of Antibody Engineering Services by Country
11 FORECAST MARKET BY TYPE AND BY APPLICATION (2025-2030)
11.1 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
11.2 Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
12 CONCLUSION AND KEY FINDINGS
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) by Company (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue Share by Company (2019-2024)
Table 7. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Antibody Engineering Services as of 2022)
Table 8. Company Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Sites and Area Served
Table 9. Company Antibody Engineering Services Product Type
Table 10. Global Antibody Engineering Services Company Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 11. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 12. Value Chain Map of Antibody Engineering Services
Table 13. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 14. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 15. Key Development Trends
Table 16. Driving Factors
Table 17. Antibody Engineering Services Market Challenges
Table 18. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 19. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 20. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 21. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Application
Table 23. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 24. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 27. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 28. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 29. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 30. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 31. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 32. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 33. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 34. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 35. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 36. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
Table 37. Fusion Antibodies Business Overview
Table 38. Fusion Antibodies Recent Developments
Table 39. Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 40. Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 41. Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 42. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
Table 43. Absolute Antibody Business Overview
Table 44. Absolute Antibody Recent Developments
Table 45. Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 46. Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 47. Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 48. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
Table 49. Creative Biolabs Business Overview
Table 50. Creative Biolabs Recent Developments
Table 51. Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 52. Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 53. Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 54. Exonbio Business Overview
Table 55. Exonbio Recent Developments
Table 56. LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 57. LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 58. LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 59. LakePharma Inc. Business Overview
Table 60. LakePharma Inc. Recent Developments
Table 61. Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 62. Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 63. Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. Sino Biological Business Overview
Table 65. Sino Biological Recent Developments
Table 66. WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 67. WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 68. WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. WuXi Biologics Business Overview
Table 70. WuXi Biologics Recent Developments
Table 71. Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 72. Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 73. Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Abzena Business Overview
Table 75. Abzena Recent Developments
Table 76. YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 77. YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 78. YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 79. YUMAB Business Overview
Table 80. YUMAB Recent Developments
Table 81. GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 82. GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 83. GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 84. GenScript Business Overview
Table 85. GenScript Recent Developments
Table 86. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 87. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 88. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 89. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 90. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 91. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 92. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 93. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 1. Introduction of the Type
Table 2. Introduction of the Application
Table 3. Market Size (M USD) Segment Executive Summary
Table 4. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Comparison by Region (M USD)
Table 5. Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) by Company (2019-2024)
Table 6. Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue Share by Company (2019-2024)
Table 7. Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3) & (based on the Revenue in Antibody Engineering Services as of 2022)
Table 8. Company Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Sites and Area Served
Table 9. Company Antibody Engineering Services Product Type
Table 10. Global Antibody Engineering Services Company Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)
Table 11. Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Table 12. Value Chain Map of Antibody Engineering Services
Table 13. Midstream Market Analysis
Table 14. Downstream Customer Analysis
Table 15. Key Development Trends
Table 16. Driving Factors
Table 17. Antibody Engineering Services Market Challenges
Table 18. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Type (M USD)
Table 19. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) by Type (2019-2024)
Table 20. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Share by Type (2019-2024)
Table 21. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2024)
Table 22. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Application
Table 23. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Application (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 24. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Table 25. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Table 26. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 27. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Table 28. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 29. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 30. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 31. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 32. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Region (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Table 33. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 34. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 35. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 36. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
Table 37. Fusion Antibodies Business Overview
Table 38. Fusion Antibodies Recent Developments
Table 39. Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 40. Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 41. Absolute Antibody Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 42. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
Table 43. Absolute Antibody Business Overview
Table 44. Absolute Antibody Recent Developments
Table 45. Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 46. Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 47. Creative Biolabs Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 48. Fusion Antibodies Antibody Engineering Services SWOT Analysis
Table 49. Creative Biolabs Business Overview
Table 50. Creative Biolabs Recent Developments
Table 51. Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 52. Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 53. Exonbio Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 54. Exonbio Business Overview
Table 55. Exonbio Recent Developments
Table 56. LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 57. LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 58. LakePharma Inc. Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 59. LakePharma Inc. Business Overview
Table 60. LakePharma Inc. Recent Developments
Table 61. Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 62. Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 63. Sino Biological Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 64. Sino Biological Business Overview
Table 65. Sino Biological Recent Developments
Table 66. WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 67. WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 68. WuXi Biologics Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 69. WuXi Biologics Business Overview
Table 70. WuXi Biologics Recent Developments
Table 71. Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 72. Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 73. Abzena Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 74. Abzena Business Overview
Table 75. Abzena Recent Developments
Table 76. YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 77. YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 78. YUMAB Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 79. YUMAB Business Overview
Table 80. YUMAB Recent Developments
Table 81. GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Basic Information
Table 82. GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Product Overview
Table 83. GenScript Antibody Engineering Services Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin (2019-2024)
Table 84. GenScript Business Overview
Table 85. GenScript Recent Developments
Table 86. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 87. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 88. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 89. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Region (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 90. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 91. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Country (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 92. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Type (2025-2030) & (M USD)
Table 93. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Application (2025-2030) & (M USD)
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1. Industrial Chain of Antibody Engineering Services
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 9. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 10. Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue Share by Company in 2023
Figure 11. Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 12. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Antibody Engineering Services Revenue in 2023
Figure 13. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 14. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Type
Figure 15. Market Size Share of Antibody Engineering Services by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 16. Market Size Market Share of Antibody Engineering Services by Type in 2022
Figure 17. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 18. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 19. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application
Figure 20. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 22. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 23. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 24. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 25. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 26. U.S. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 27. Canada Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 28. Mexico Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 30. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 31. Germany Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 32. France Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 33. U.K. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 34. Italy Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 35. Russia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 36. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (M USD)
Figure 37. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 38. China Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 39. Japan Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 40. South Korea Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 41. India Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 42. Southeast Asia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 43. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (M USD)
Figure 44. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 45. Brazil Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 46. Argentina Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 47. Columbia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 48. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (M USD)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 51. UAE Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 52. Egypt Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 53. Nigeria Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 54. South Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 55. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 56. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 57. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
Figure 1. Industrial Chain of Antibody Engineering Services
Figure 2. Data Triangulation
Figure 3. Key Caveats
Figure 4. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD), 2019-2030
Figure 5. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) (2019-2030)
Figure 6. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 7. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 8. Evaluation Matrix of Regional Market Development Potential
Figure 9. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size by Country (M USD)
Figure 10. Global Antibody Engineering Services Revenue Share by Company in 2023
Figure 11. Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3): 2023
Figure 12. The Global 5 and 10 Largest Players: Market Share by Antibody Engineering Services Revenue in 2023
Figure 13. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Type)
Figure 14. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Type
Figure 15. Market Size Share of Antibody Engineering Services by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 16. Market Size Market Share of Antibody Engineering Services by Type in 2022
Figure 17. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2019-2024)
Figure 18. Evaluation Matrix of Segment Market Development Potential (Application)
Figure 19. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application
Figure 20. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 21. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 22. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Growth Rate by Application (2019-2024)
Figure 23. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region (2019-2024)
Figure 24. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 25. North America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 26. U.S. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 27. Canada Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (M USD) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 28. Mexico Antibody Engineering Services Market Size (Units) and Growth Rate (2019-2024)
Figure 29. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 30. Europe Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 31. Germany Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 32. France Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 33. U.K. Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 34. Italy Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 35. Russia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 36. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (M USD)
Figure 37. Asia Pacific Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 38. China Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 39. Japan Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 40. South Korea Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 41. India Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 42. Southeast Asia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 43. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (M USD)
Figure 44. South America Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Country in 2023
Figure 45. Brazil Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 46. Argentina Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 47. Columbia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 48. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (M USD)
Figure 49. Middle East and Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Market Share by Region in 2023
Figure 50. Saudi Arabia Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 51. UAE Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 52. Egypt Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 53. Nigeria Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 54. South Africa Antibody Engineering Services Market Size and Growth Rate (2019-2024) & (M USD)
Figure 55. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Size Forecast by Value (2019-2030) & (M USD)
Figure 56. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share Forecast by Type (2025-2030)
Figure 57. Global Antibody Engineering Services Market Share Forecast by Application (2025-2030)
