GaN FET Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 73 pages | ID: G88159F4F25CEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of GaN FET in global, including the following market information:

Global GaN FET Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global GaN FET Market Sales, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, (K Units)

Global top five GaN FET companies in 2021 (%)

The global GaN FET market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Depletion Mode Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of GaN FET include Nexperia, Transphorm, Panasonic, Texas Instruments, Infineon, Renesas Electronics, Toshiba, Cree and Qorvo, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the GaN FET manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and industry experts on this industry, involving the sales, revenue, demand, price change, product type, recent development and plan, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global GaN FET Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global GaN FET Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Depletion Mode
• Enhancement Mode

Global GaN FET Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global GaN FET Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Automobile
• Power Electronics
• National Defense
• Aerospace
• LED
• Photovoltaic
• Other

Global GaN FET Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions) & (K Units)

Global GaN FET Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies GaN FET revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies GaN FET revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Key companies GaN FET sales in global market, 2017-2022 (Estimated), (K Units)

Key companies GaN FET sales share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Nexperia
• Transphorm
• Panasonic
• Texas Instruments
• Infineon
• Renesas Electronics
• Toshiba
• Cree
• Qorvo
• EPC
• GaN Systems

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 GaN FET Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global GaN FET Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL GAN FET OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global GaN FET Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global GaN FET Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Global GaN FET Sales: 2017-2028

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top GaN FET Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global GaN FET Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global GaN FET Revenue by Companies
3.4 Global GaN FET Sales by Companies
3.5 Global GaN FET Price by Manufacturer (2017-2022)
3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 GaN FET Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.7 Global Manufacturers GaN FET Product Type
3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 GaN FET Players in Global Market
  3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 GaN FET Companies
  3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 GaN FET Companies

4 SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 By Type - Global GaN FET Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Depletion Mode
  4.1.3 Enhancement Mode
4.2 By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
4.3 By Type - Global GaN FET Sales & Forecasts
  4.3.1 By Type - Global GaN FET Sales, 2017-2022
  4.3.2 By Type - Global GaN FET Sales, 2023-2028
  4.3.3 By Type - Global GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
4.4 By Type - Global GaN FET Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global GaN FET Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Automobile
  5.1.3 Power Electronics
  5.1.4 National Defense
  5.1.5 Aerospace
  5.1.6 LED
  5.1.7 Photovoltaic
  5.1.8 Other
5.2 By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
5.3 By Application - Global GaN FET Sales & Forecasts
  5.3.1 By Application - Global GaN FET Sales, 2017-2022
  5.3.2 By Application - Global GaN FET Sales, 2023-2028
  5.3.3 By Application - Global GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
5.4 By Application - Global GaN FET Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global GaN FET Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 By Region - Global GaN FET Sales & Forecasts
  6.3.1 By Region - Global GaN FET Sales, 2017-2022
  6.3.2 By Region - Global GaN FET Sales, 2023-2028
  6.3.3 By Region - Global GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
6.4 North America
  6.4.1 By Country - North America GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 By Country - North America GaN FET Sales, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 US GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 Canada GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Mexico GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Europe
  6.5.1 By Country - Europe GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 By Country - Europe GaN FET Sales, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Germany GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 France GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 U.K. GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 Italy GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.7 Russia GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.8 Nordic Countries GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.9 Benelux GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 Asia
  6.6.1 By Region - Asia GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 By Region - Asia GaN FET Sales, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 China GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.4 Japan GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.5 South Korea GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.6 Southeast Asia GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.7 India GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 South America
  6.7.1 By Country - South America GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 By Country - South America GaN FET Sales, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Brazil GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Argentina GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
6.8 Middle East & Africa
  6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Sales, 2017-2028
  6.8.3 Turkey GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.4 Israel GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.5 Saudi Arabia GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.8.6 UAE GaN FET Market Size, 2017-2028

7 MANUFACTURERS & BRANDS PROFILES

7.1 Nexperia
  7.1.1 Nexperia Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Nexperia Business Overview
  7.1.3 Nexperia GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Nexperia GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Nexperia Key News
7.2 Transphorm
  7.2.1 Transphorm Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Transphorm Business Overview
  7.2.3 Transphorm GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Transphorm GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Transphorm Key News
7.3 Panasonic
  7.3.1 Panasonic Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Panasonic Business Overview
  7.3.3 Panasonic GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Panasonic GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Panasonic Key News
7.4 Texas Instruments
  7.4.1 Texas Instruments Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Texas Instruments Business Overview
  7.4.3 Texas Instruments GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Texas Instruments GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Texas Instruments Key News
7.5 Infineon
  7.5.1 Infineon Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Infineon Business Overview
  7.5.3 Infineon GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Infineon GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Infineon Key News
7.6 Renesas Electronics
  7.6.1 Renesas Electronics Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 Renesas Electronics Business Overview
  7.6.3 Renesas Electronics GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 Renesas Electronics GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 Renesas Electronics Key News
7.7 Toshiba
  7.7.1 Toshiba Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Toshiba Business Overview
  7.7.3 Toshiba GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Toshiba GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Toshiba Key News
7.8 Cree
  7.8.1 Cree Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Cree Business Overview
  7.8.3 Cree GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Cree GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Cree Key News
7.9 Qorvo
  7.9.1 Qorvo Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 Qorvo Business Overview
  7.9.3 Qorvo GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 Qorvo GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.9.5 Qorvo Key News
7.10 EPC
  7.10.1 EPC Corporate Summary
  7.10.2 EPC Business Overview
  7.10.3 EPC GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.10.4 EPC GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.10.5 EPC Key News
7.11 GaN Systems
  7.11.1 GaN Systems Corporate Summary
  7.11.2 GaN Systems GaN FET Business Overview
  7.11.3 GaN Systems GaN FET Major Product Offerings
  7.11.4 GaN Systems GaN FET Sales and Revenue in Global (2017-2022)
  7.11.5 GaN Systems Key News

8 GLOBAL GAN FET PRODUCTION CAPACITY, ANALYSIS

8.1 Global GaN FET Production Capacity, 2017-2028
8.2 GaN FET Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market
8.3 Global GaN FET Production by Region

9 KEY MARKET TRENDS, OPPORTUNITY, DRIVERS AND RESTRAINTS

9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
9.2 Market Drivers
9.3 Market Restraints

10 GAN FET SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

10.1 GaN FET Industry Value Chain
10.2 GaN FET Upstream Market
10.3 GaN FET Downstream and Clients
10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis
  10.4.1 Marketing Channels
  10.4.2 GaN FET Distributors and Sales Agents in Global

11 CONCLUSION

12 APPENDIX

12.1 Note
12.2 Examples of Clients
12.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Key Players of GaN FET in Global Market
Table 2. Top GaN FET Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 3. Global GaN FET Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 4. Global GaN FET Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 5. Global GaN FET Sales by Companies, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 6. Global GaN FET Sales Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 7. Key Manufacturers GaN FET Price (2017-2022) & (US$/Unit)
Table 8. Global Manufacturers GaN FET Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 GaN FET Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 GaN FET Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Type - Global GaN FET Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 15. By Type - Global GaN FET Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 16. By Application – Global GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 17. By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 18. By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 19. By Application - Global GaN FET Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 20. By Application - Global GaN FET Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 21. By Region – Global GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 VS 2028
Table 22. By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Global GaN FET Sales (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Global GaN FET Sales (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - North America GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - North America GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - North America GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - North America GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 30. By Country - Europe GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 31. By Country - Europe GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 32. By Country - Europe GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 33. By Country - Europe GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 34. By Region - Asia GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 35. By Region - Asia GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 36. By Region - Asia GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 37. By Region - Asia GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 38. By Country - South America GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 39. By Country - South America GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 40. By Country - South America GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 41. By Country - South America GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 44. By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2017-2022
Table 45. By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Sales, (K Units), 2023-2028
Table 46. Nexperia Corporate Summary
Table 47. Nexperia GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 48. Nexperia GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 49. Transphorm Corporate Summary
Table 50. Transphorm GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 51. Transphorm GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 52. Panasonic Corporate Summary
Table 53. Panasonic GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 54. Panasonic GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 55. Texas Instruments Corporate Summary
Table 56. Texas Instruments GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 57. Texas Instruments GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 58. Infineon Corporate Summary
Table 59. Infineon GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 60. Infineon GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 61. Renesas Electronics Corporate Summary
Table 62. Renesas Electronics GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 63. Renesas Electronics GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 64. Toshiba Corporate Summary
Table 65. Toshiba GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 66. Toshiba GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 67. Cree Corporate Summary
Table 68. Cree GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 69. Cree GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 70. Qorvo Corporate Summary
Table 71. Qorvo GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 72. Qorvo GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 73. EPC Corporate Summary
Table 74. EPC GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 75. EPC GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 76. GaN Systems Corporate Summary
Table 77. GaN Systems GaN FET Product Offerings
Table 78. GaN Systems GaN FET Sales (K Units), Revenue (US$, Mn) and Average Price (US$/Unit) (2017-2022)
Table 79. GaN FET Production Capacity (K Units) of Key Manufacturers in Global Market, 2020-2022 (K Units)
Table 80. Global GaN FET Capacity Market Share of Key Manufacturers, 2020-2022
Table 81. Global GaN FET Production by Region, 2017-2022 (K Units)
Table 82. Global GaN FET Production by Region, 2023-2028 (K Units)
Table 83. GaN FET Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 84. GaN FET Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 85. GaN FET Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 86. GaN FET Raw Materials
Table 87. GaN FET Raw Materials Suppliers in Global Market
Table 88. Typical GaN FET Downstream
Table 89. GaN FET Downstream Clients in Global Market
Table 90. GaN FET Distributors and Sales Agents in Global Market

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. GaN FET Segment by Type
Figure 2. GaN FET Segment by Application
Figure 3. Global GaN FET Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global GaN FET Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global GaN FET Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. GaN FET Sales in Global Market: 2017-2028 (K Units)
Figure 8. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by GaN FET Revenue in 2021
Figure 9. By Type - Global GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Type - Global GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Type - Global GaN FET Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 12. By Application - Global GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 13. By Application - Global GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 14. By Application - Global GaN FET Price (US$/Unit), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Region - Global GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. By Region - Global GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 17. By Country - North America GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 18. By Country - North America GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 19. US GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Canada GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Mexico GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. By Country - Europe GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Country - Europe GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. Germany GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. France GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. U.K. GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Italy GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. Russia GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. Nordic Countries GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 30. Benelux GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. By Region - Asia GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Region - Asia GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. China GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Japan GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. South Korea GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. Southeast Asia GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. India GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 38. By Country - South America GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 39. By Country - South America GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 40. Brazil GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 41. Argentina GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 42. By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 43. By Country - Middle East & Africa GaN FET Sales Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 44. Turkey GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 45. Israel GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 46. Saudi Arabia GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 47. UAE GaN FET Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 48. Global GaN FET Production Capacity (K Units), 2017-2028
Figure 49. The Percentage of Production GaN FET by Region, 2021 VS 2028
Figure 50. GaN FET Industry Value Chain
Figure 51. Marketing Channels