Functional and Testing System Market - Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 104 pages | ID: F02B19AA645EEN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of Functional and Testing System in Global, including the following market information:

Global Functional and Testing System Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global top five companies in 2021 (%)

The global Functional and Testing System market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Cloud-Based Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of Functional and Testing System include qTest, PractiTest, Zephyr, Test Collab, TestFLO for JIRA, XQual, TestCaseLab, Adaptavist and QACoverage, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the Functional and Testing System companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global Functional and Testing System Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)

Global Functional and Testing System Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Cloud-Based
• On-Premise

Global Functional and Testing System Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)

Global Functional and Testing System Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Large Enterprise
• SMBs

Global Functional and Testing System Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Global Functional and Testing System Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies Functional and Testing System revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies Functional and Testing System revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• qTest
• PractiTest
• Zephyr
• Test Collab
• TestFLO for JIRA
• XQual
• TestCaseLab
• Adaptavist
• QACoverage
• Plutora Test
• Inflectra
• Meliora Testlab
• aqua
• Panaya
• Testpad
• JunoOne
• ReQtest

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 Functional and Testing System Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global Functional and Testing System Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL FUNCTIONAL AND TESTING SYSTEM OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global Functional and Testing System Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global Functional and Testing System Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
  2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
  2.3.2 Market Drivers
  2.3.3 Market Restraints

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top Functional and Testing System Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global Functional and Testing System Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global Functional and Testing System Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 Functional and Testing System Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.5 Global Companies Functional and Testing System Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Functional and Testing System Players in Global Market
  3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 Functional and Testing System Companies
  3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Functional and Testing System Companies

4 MARKET SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 by Type - Global Functional and Testing System Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Cloud-Based
  4.1.3 On-Premise
4.2 By Type - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Large Enterprise
  5.1.3 SMBs
5.2 By Application - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 North America
  6.3.1 By Country - North America Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.3.2 US Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.3.3 Canada Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.3.4 Mexico Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4 Europe
  6.4.1 By Country - Europe Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 Germany Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 France Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 U.K. Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Italy Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.6 Russia Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.7 Nordic Countries Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.8 Benelux Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Asia
  6.5.1 By Region - Asia Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 China Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Japan Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 South Korea Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 Southeast Asia Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 India Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 South America
  6.6.1 By Country - South America Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 Brazil Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 Argentina Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 Middle East & Africa
  6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 Turkey Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Israel Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Saudi Arabia Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.5 UAE Functional and Testing System Market Size, 2017-2028

7 PLAYERS PROFILES

7.1 qTest
  7.1.1 qTest Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 qTest Business Overview
  7.1.3 qTest Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 qTest Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 qTest Key News
7.2 PractiTest
  7.2.1 PractiTest Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 PractiTest Business Overview
  7.2.3 PractiTest Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 PractiTest Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 PractiTest Key News
7.3 Zephyr
  7.3.1 Zephyr Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 Zephyr Business Overview
  7.3.3 Zephyr Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 Zephyr Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 Zephyr Key News
7.4 Test Collab
  7.4.1 Test Collab Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Test Collab Business Overview
  7.4.3 Test Collab Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Test Collab Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Test Collab Key News
7.5 TestFLO for JIRA
  7.5.1 TestFLO for JIRA Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 TestFLO for JIRA Business Overview
  7.5.3 TestFLO for JIRA Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 TestFLO for JIRA Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 TestFLO for JIRA Key News
7.6 XQual
  7.6.1 XQual Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 XQual Business Overview
  7.6.3 XQual Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 XQual Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 XQual Key News
7.7 TestCaseLab
  7.7.1 TestCaseLab Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 TestCaseLab Business Overview
  7.7.3 TestCaseLab Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 TestCaseLab Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 TestCaseLab Key News
7.8 Adaptavist
  7.8.1 Adaptavist Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 Adaptavist Business Overview
  7.8.3 Adaptavist Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 Adaptavist Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 Adaptavist Key News
7.9 QACoverage
  7.9.1 QACoverage Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 QACoverage Business Overview
  7.9.3 QACoverage Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 QACoverage Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.9.5 QACoverage Key News
7.10 Plutora Test
  7.10.1 Plutora Test Corporate Summary
  7.10.2 Plutora Test Business Overview
  7.10.3 Plutora Test Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.10.4 Plutora Test Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.10.5 Plutora Test Key News
7.11 Inflectra
  7.11.1 Inflectra Corporate Summary
  7.11.2 Inflectra Business Overview
  7.11.3 Inflectra Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.11.4 Inflectra Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.11.5 Inflectra Key News
7.12 Meliora Testlab
  7.12.1 Meliora Testlab Corporate Summary
  7.12.2 Meliora Testlab Business Overview
  7.12.3 Meliora Testlab Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.12.4 Meliora Testlab Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.12.5 Meliora Testlab Key News
7.13 aqua
  7.13.1 aqua Corporate Summary
  7.13.2 aqua Business Overview
  7.13.3 aqua Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.13.4 aqua Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.13.5 aqua Key News
7.14 Panaya
  7.14.1 Panaya Corporate Summary
  7.14.2 Panaya Business Overview
  7.14.3 Panaya Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.14.4 Panaya Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.14.5 Panaya Key News
7.15 Testpad
  7.15.1 Testpad Corporate Summary
  7.15.2 Testpad Business Overview
  7.15.3 Testpad Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.15.4 Testpad Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.15.5 Testpad Key News
7.16 JunoOne
  7.16.1 JunoOne Corporate Summary
  7.16.2 JunoOne Business Overview
  7.16.3 JunoOne Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.16.4 JunoOne Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.16.5 JunoOne Key News
7.17 ReQtest
  7.17.1 ReQtest Corporate Summary
  7.17.2 ReQtest Business Overview
  7.17.3 ReQtest Functional and Testing System Major Product Offerings
  7.17.4 ReQtest Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.17.5 ReQtest Key News

8 CONCLUSION

9 APPENDIX

9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Functional and Testing System Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. Functional and Testing System Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. Functional and Testing System Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of Functional and Testing System in Global Market
Table 5. Top Functional and Testing System Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 6. Global Functional and Testing System Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 7. Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 8. Global Companies Functional and Testing System Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 Functional and Testing System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Functional and Testing System Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Application – Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 15. By Application - Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 16. By Application - Functional and Testing System Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 17. By Region – Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 18. By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 19. By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 20. By Country - North America Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 21. By Country - North America Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 22. By Country - Europe Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Country - Europe Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Asia Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Asia Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - South America Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - South America Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 30. qTest Corporate Summary
Table 31. qTest Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 32. qTest Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 33. PractiTest Corporate Summary
Table 34. PractiTest Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 35. PractiTest Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 36. Zephyr Corporate Summary
Table 37. Zephyr Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 38. Zephyr Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 39. Test Collab Corporate Summary
Table 40. Test Collab Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 41. Test Collab Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 42. TestFLO for JIRA Corporate Summary
Table 43. TestFLO for JIRA Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 44. TestFLO for JIRA Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 45. XQual Corporate Summary
Table 46. XQual Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 47. XQual Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 48. TestCaseLab Corporate Summary
Table 49. TestCaseLab Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 50. TestCaseLab Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 51. Adaptavist Corporate Summary
Table 52. Adaptavist Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 53. Adaptavist Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 54. QACoverage Corporate Summary
Table 55. QACoverage Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 56. QACoverage Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 57. Plutora Test Corporate Summary
Table 58. Plutora Test Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 59. Plutora Test Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 60. Inflectra Corporate Summary
Table 61. Inflectra Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 62. Inflectra Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 63. Meliora Testlab Corporate Summary
Table 64. Meliora Testlab Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 65. Meliora Testlab Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 66. aqua Corporate Summary
Table 67. aqua Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 68. aqua Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 69. Panaya Corporate Summary
Table 70. Panaya Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 71. Panaya Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 72. Testpad Corporate Summary
Table 73. Testpad Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 74. Testpad Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 75. JunoOne Corporate Summary
Table 76. JunoOne Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 77. JunoOne Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 78. ReQtest Corporate Summary
Table 79. ReQtest Functional and Testing System Product Offerings
Table 80. ReQtest Functional and Testing System Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Functional and Testing System Segment by Type in 2021
Figure 2. Functional and Testing System Segment by Application in 2021
Figure 3. Global Functional and Testing System Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global Functional and Testing System Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global Functional and Testing System Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by Functional and Testing System Revenue in 2021
Figure 8. By Type - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 9. By Application - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Region - Global Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Country - North America Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 12. US Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 13. Canada Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 14. Mexico Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Country - Europe Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. Germany Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 17. France Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 18. U.K. Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 19. Italy Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Russia Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Nordic Countries Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. Benelux Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Region - Asia Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. China Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. Japan Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. South Korea Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Southeast Asia Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. India Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. By Country - South America Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 30. Brazil Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. Argentina Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Country - Middle East & Africa Functional and Testing System Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. Turkey Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Israel Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. Saudi Arabia Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. UAE Functional and Testing System Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. qTest Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 38. PractiTest Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 39. Zephyr Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 40. Test Collab Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 41. TestFLO for JIRA Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 42. XQual Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 43. TestCaseLab Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 44. Adaptavist Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 45. QACoverage Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 46. Plutora Test Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 47. Inflectra Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 48. Meliora Testlab Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 49. aqua Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 50. Panaya Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 51. Testpad Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 52. JunoOne Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 53. ReQtest Functional and Testing System Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)