ESD Testing Service Market, Global Outlook and Forecast 2022-2028

March 2022 | 65 pages | ID: EB2B6A455066EN
Market Monitor Global

Abstracts

This report contains market size and forecasts of ESD Testing Service in Global, including the following market information:

Global ESD Testing Service Market Revenue, 2017-2022, 2023-2028, ($ millions)

Global top five companies in 2021 (%)

The global ESD Testing Service market was valued at million in 2021 and is projected to reach US$ million by 2028, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period 2022-2028.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at $ Million in 2021, While China is Forecast to Reach $ Million by 2028.

Resistance & Resistivity Segment to Reach $ Million by 2028, with a % CAGR in next six years.

The global key manufacturers of ESD Testing Service include Applied Technical Services, Cesstech, EAG Laboratories, Electro-Tech Systems, Innovative Circuits Engineering, International Testing Laboratory Inc., Keystone Compliance, LLC, MASER Engineering and Matsusada Precision, etc. In 2021, the global top five players have a share approximately % in terms of revenue.

MARKET MONITOR GLOBAL, INC (MMG) has surveyed the ESD Testing Service companies, and industry experts on this industry, involving the revenue, demand, product type, recent developments and plans, industry trends, drivers, challenges, obstacles, and potential risks.

Total Market by Segment:

Global ESD Testing Service Market, by Type, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)

Global ESD Testing Service Market Segment Percentages, by Type, 2021 (%)

• Resistance & Resistivity
• Static Decay
• Charge Generation
• Static Shielding
• Others

Global ESD Testing Service Market, by Application, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ millions)

Global ESD Testing Service Market Segment Percentages, by Application, 2021 (%)

• Semiconductor
• Electronic
• Chemical
• Automotive
• Others

Global ESD Testing Service Market, By Region and Country, 2017-2022, 2023-2028 ($ Millions)

Global ESD Testing Service Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2021 (%)

• North America
• US
• Canada
• Mexico
• Europe
• Germany
• France
• U.K.
• Italy
• Russia
• Nordic Countries
• Benelux
• Rest of Europe
• Asia
• China
• Japan
• South Korea
• Southeast Asia
• India
• Rest of Asia
• South America
• Brazil
• Argentina
• Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa
• Turkey
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• UAE
• Rest of Middle East & Africa

Competitor Analysis

The report also provides analysis of leading market participants including:

Key companies ESD Testing Service revenues in global market, 2017-2022 (estimated), ($ millions)

Key companies ESD Testing Service revenues share in global market, 2021 (%)

Further, the report presents profiles of competitors in the market, key players include:

• Applied Technical Services
• Cesstech
• EAG Laboratories
• Electro-Tech Systems
• Innovative Circuits Engineering
• International Testing Laboratory Inc.
• Keystone Compliance, LLC
• MASER Engineering
• Matsusada Precision
• MicroStat Laboratories
• OKI Engineering
• REVOTECH
• SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD
• Setsco Services Pte Ltd

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH & ANALYSIS REPORTS

1.1 ESD Testing Service Market Definition
1.2 Market Segments
  1.2.1 Market by Type
  1.2.2 Market by Application
1.3 Global ESD Testing Service Market Overview
1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report
1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information
  1.5.1 Research Methodology
  1.5.2 Research Process
  1.5.3 Base Year
  1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats

2 GLOBAL ESD TESTING SERVICE OVERALL MARKET SIZE

2.1 Global ESD Testing Service Market Size: 2021 VS 2028
2.2 Global ESD Testing Service Market Size, Prospects & Forecasts: 2017-2028
2.3 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints
  2.3.1 Market Opportunities & Trends
  2.3.2 Market Drivers
  2.3.3 Market Restraints

3 COMPANY LANDSCAPE

3.1 Top ESD Testing Service Players in Global Market
3.2 Top Global ESD Testing Service Companies Ranked by Revenue
3.3 Global ESD Testing Service Revenue by Companies
3.4 Top 3 and Top 5 ESD Testing Service Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2021
3.5 Global Companies ESD Testing Service Product Type
3.6 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 ESD Testing Service Players in Global Market
  3.6.1 List of Global Tier 1 ESD Testing Service Companies
  3.6.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 ESD Testing Service Companies

4 MARKET SIGHTS BY PRODUCT

4.1 Overview
  4.1.1 by Type - Global ESD Testing Service Market Size Markets, 2021 & 2028
  4.1.2 Resistance & Resistivity
  4.1.3 Static Decay
  4.1.4 Charge Generation
  4.1.5 Static Shielding
  4.1.6 Others
4.2 By Type - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue & Forecasts
  4.2.1 By Type - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2022
  4.2.2 By Type - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2023-2028
  4.2.3 By Type - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028

5 SIGHTS BY APPLICATION

5.1 Overview
  5.1.1 By Application - Global ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2021 & 2028
  5.1.2 Semiconductor
  5.1.3 Electronic
  5.1.4 Chemical
  5.1.5 Automotive
  5.1.6 Others
5.2 By Application - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue & Forecasts
  5.2.1 By Application - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2022
  5.2.2 By Application - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2023-2028
  5.2.3 By Application - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028

6 SIGHTS BY REGION

6.1 By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2021 & 2028
6.2 By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue & Forecasts
  6.2.1 By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2022
  6.2.2 By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2023-2028
  6.2.3 By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
6.3 North America
  6.3.1 By Country - North America ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.3.2 US ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.3.3 Canada ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.3.4 Mexico ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
6.4 Europe
  6.4.1 By Country - Europe ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.4.2 Germany ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.3 France ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.4 U.K. ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.5 Italy ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.6 Russia ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.7 Nordic Countries ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.4.8 Benelux ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
6.5 Asia
  6.5.1 By Region - Asia ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.5.2 China ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.3 Japan ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.4 South Korea ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.5 Southeast Asia ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.5.6 India ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
6.6 South America
  6.6.1 By Country - South America ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.6.2 Brazil ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.6.3 Argentina ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
6.7 Middle East & Africa
  6.7.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2028
  6.7.2 Turkey ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.3 Israel ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.4 Saudi Arabia ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028
  6.7.5 UAE ESD Testing Service Market Size, 2017-2028

7 PLAYERS PROFILES

7.1 Applied Technical Services
  7.1.1 Applied Technical Services Corporate Summary
  7.1.2 Applied Technical Services Business Overview
  7.1.3 Applied Technical Services ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.1.4 Applied Technical Services ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.1.5 Applied Technical Services Key News
7.2 Cesstech
  7.2.1 Cesstech Corporate Summary
  7.2.2 Cesstech Business Overview
  7.2.3 Cesstech ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.2.4 Cesstech ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.2.5 Cesstech Key News
7.3 EAG Laboratories
  7.3.1 EAG Laboratories Corporate Summary
  7.3.2 EAG Laboratories Business Overview
  7.3.3 EAG Laboratories ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.3.4 EAG Laboratories ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.3.5 EAG Laboratories Key News
7.4 Electro-Tech Systems
  7.4.1 Electro-Tech Systems Corporate Summary
  7.4.2 Electro-Tech Systems Business Overview
  7.4.3 Electro-Tech Systems ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.4.4 Electro-Tech Systems ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.4.5 Electro-Tech Systems Key News
7.5 Innovative Circuits Engineering
  7.5.1 Innovative Circuits Engineering Corporate Summary
  7.5.2 Innovative Circuits Engineering Business Overview
  7.5.3 Innovative Circuits Engineering ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.5.4 Innovative Circuits Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.5.5 Innovative Circuits Engineering Key News
7.6 International Testing Laboratory Inc.
  7.6.1 International Testing Laboratory Inc. Corporate Summary
  7.6.2 International Testing Laboratory Inc. Business Overview
  7.6.3 International Testing Laboratory Inc. ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.6.4 International Testing Laboratory Inc. ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.6.5 International Testing Laboratory Inc. Key News
7.7 Keystone Compliance, LLC
  7.7.1 Keystone Compliance, LLC Corporate Summary
  7.7.2 Keystone Compliance, LLC Business Overview
  7.7.3 Keystone Compliance, LLC ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.7.4 Keystone Compliance, LLC ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.7.5 Keystone Compliance, LLC Key News
7.8 MASER Engineering
  7.8.1 MASER Engineering Corporate Summary
  7.8.2 MASER Engineering Business Overview
  7.8.3 MASER Engineering ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.8.4 MASER Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.8.5 MASER Engineering Key News
7.9 Matsusada Precision
  7.9.1 Matsusada Precision Corporate Summary
  7.9.2 Matsusada Precision Business Overview
  7.9.3 Matsusada Precision ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.9.4 Matsusada Precision ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.9.5 Matsusada Precision Key News
7.10 MicroStat Laboratories
  7.10.1 MicroStat Laboratories Corporate Summary
  7.10.2 MicroStat Laboratories Business Overview
  7.10.3 MicroStat Laboratories ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.10.4 MicroStat Laboratories ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.10.5 MicroStat Laboratories Key News
7.11 OKI Engineering
  7.11.1 OKI Engineering Corporate Summary
  7.11.2 OKI Engineering Business Overview
  7.11.3 OKI Engineering ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.11.4 OKI Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.11.5 OKI Engineering Key News
7.12 REVOTECH
  7.12.1 REVOTECH Corporate Summary
  7.12.2 REVOTECH Business Overview
  7.12.3 REVOTECH ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.12.4 REVOTECH ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.12.5 REVOTECH Key News
7.13 SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD
  7.13.1 SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD Corporate Summary
  7.13.2 SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD Business Overview
  7.13.3 SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.13.4 SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.13.5 SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD Key News
7.14 Setsco Services Pte Ltd
  7.14.1 Setsco Services Pte Ltd Corporate Summary
  7.14.2 Setsco Services Pte Ltd Business Overview
  7.14.3 Setsco Services Pte Ltd ESD Testing Service Major Product Offerings
  7.14.4 Setsco Services Pte Ltd ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global Market (2017-2022)
  7.14.5 Setsco Services Pte Ltd Key News

8 CONCLUSION

9 APPENDIX

9.1 Note
9.2 Examples of Clients
9.3 Disclaimer

List Of Tables

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. ESD Testing Service Market Opportunities & Trends in Global Market
Table 2. ESD Testing Service Market Drivers in Global Market
Table 3. ESD Testing Service Market Restraints in Global Market
Table 4. Key Players of ESD Testing Service in Global Market
Table 5. Top ESD Testing Service Players in Global Market, Ranking by Revenue (2021)
Table 6. Global ESD Testing Service Revenue by Companies, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 7. Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Share by Companies, 2017-2022
Table 8. Global Companies ESD Testing Service Product Type
Table 9. List of Global Tier 1 ESD Testing Service Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 10. List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 ESD Testing Service Companies, Revenue (US$, Mn) in 2021 and Market Share
Table 11. By Type – Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 12. By Type - ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 13. By Type - ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 14. By Application – Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 15. By Application - ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 16. By Application - ESD Testing Service Revenue in Global (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 17. By Region – Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2021 & 2028
Table 18. By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 19. By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 20. By Country - North America ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 21. By Country - North America ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 22. By Country - Europe ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 23. By Country - Europe ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 24. By Region - Asia ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 25. By Region - Asia ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 26. By Country - South America ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 27. By Country - South America ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 28. By Country - Middle East & Africa ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2022
Table 29. By Country - Middle East & Africa ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2023-2028
Table 30. Applied Technical Services Corporate Summary
Table 31. Applied Technical Services ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 32. Applied Technical Services ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 33. Cesstech Corporate Summary
Table 34. Cesstech ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 35. Cesstech ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 36. EAG Laboratories Corporate Summary
Table 37. EAG Laboratories ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 38. EAG Laboratories ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 39. Electro-Tech Systems Corporate Summary
Table 40. Electro-Tech Systems ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 41. Electro-Tech Systems ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 42. Innovative Circuits Engineering Corporate Summary
Table 43. Innovative Circuits Engineering ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 44. Innovative Circuits Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 45. International Testing Laboratory Inc. Corporate Summary
Table 46. International Testing Laboratory Inc. ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 47. International Testing Laboratory Inc. ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 48. Keystone Compliance, LLC Corporate Summary
Table 49. Keystone Compliance, LLC ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 50. Keystone Compliance, LLC ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 51. MASER Engineering Corporate Summary
Table 52. MASER Engineering ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 53. MASER Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 54. Matsusada Precision Corporate Summary
Table 55. Matsusada Precision ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 56. Matsusada Precision ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 57. MicroStat Laboratories Corporate Summary
Table 58. MicroStat Laboratories ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 59. MicroStat Laboratories ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 60. OKI Engineering Corporate Summary
Table 61. OKI Engineering ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 62. OKI Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 63. REVOTECH Corporate Summary
Table 64. REVOTECH ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 65. REVOTECH ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 66. SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD Corporate Summary
Table 67. SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 68. SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)
Table 69. Setsco Services Pte Ltd Corporate Summary
Table 70. Setsco Services Pte Ltd ESD Testing Service Product Offerings
Table 71. Setsco Services Pte Ltd ESD Testing Service Revenue (US$, Mn), (2017-2022)

List Of Figures

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. ESD Testing Service Segment by Type in 2021
Figure 2. ESD Testing Service Segment by Application in 2021
Figure 3. Global ESD Testing Service Market Overview: 2021
Figure 4. Key Caveats
Figure 5. Global ESD Testing Service Market Size: 2021 VS 2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 6. Global ESD Testing Service Revenue, 2017-2028 (US$, Mn)
Figure 7. The Top 3 and 5 Players Market Share by ESD Testing Service Revenue in 2021
Figure 8. By Type - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 9. By Application - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 10. By Region - Global ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 11. By Country - North America ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 12. US ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 13. Canada ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 14. Mexico ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 15. By Country - Europe ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 16. Germany ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 17. France ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 18. U.K. ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 19. Italy ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 20. Russia ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 21. Nordic Countries ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 22. Benelux ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 23. By Region - Asia ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 24. China ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 25. Japan ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 26. South Korea ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 27. Southeast Asia ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 28. India ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 29. By Country - South America ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 30. Brazil ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 31. Argentina ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 32. By Country - Middle East & Africa ESD Testing Service Revenue Market Share, 2017-2028
Figure 33. Turkey ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 34. Israel ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 35. Saudi Arabia ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 36. UAE ESD Testing Service Revenue, (US$, Mn), 2017-2028
Figure 37. Applied Technical Services ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 38. Cesstech ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 39. EAG Laboratories ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 40. Electro-Tech Systems ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 41. Innovative Circuits Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 42. International Testing Laboratory Inc. ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 43. Keystone Compliance, LLC ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 44. MASER Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 45. Matsusada Precision ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 46. MicroStat Laboratories ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 47. OKI Engineering ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 48. REVOTECH ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 49. SAE Magnetics (HK) LTD ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)
Figure 50. Setsco Services Pte Ltd ESD Testing Service Revenue Year Over Year Growth (US$, Mn) & (2017-2022)